98 lines
2.6 KiB
Markdown
98 lines
2.6 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: 准备你的机器
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menu:
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docs:
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weight: 10
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parent: admin
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---
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如果你正在设置一台全新的机器，推荐你首要完成安全设置。以下内容假定你运行 **Ubuntu 18.04**：
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## 禁止密码登录SSH（仅允许密钥登录）
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首先，请确保你实际上是通过密钥而不是通过密码登录到服务器的，否则这将使你无法登录。许多托管服务提供商支持上传公钥，并自动为新机器设置基于密钥的root登录。
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编辑 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config` 并找到 `PasswordAuthentication`。确保它已被去除注释并被设为 `no`。如果你做了任何改动，请重启 sshd。
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## 更新系统
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```bash
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apt update && apt upgrade -y
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```
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## 安装 fail2ban 以阻止重复登录尝试
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编辑 `/etc/fail2ban/jail.local` 并添加以下内容：
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```text
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[DEFAULT]
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destemail = your@email.here
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sendername = Fail2Ban
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[sshd]
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enabled = true
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port = 22
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[sshd-ddos]
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enabled = true
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port = 22
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```
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最后重启fail2ban：
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```bash
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systemctl restart fail2ban
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```
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## 安装防火墙并只暴露SSH、HTTP、HTTPS端口
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首先，安装 iptables-persistent。在安装期间，它将询问你是否保留现有规则。
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```bash
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apt install -y iptables-persistent
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```
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编辑 `/etc/iptables/rules.v4` 并添加如下内容：
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```text
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*filter
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# Allow all loopback (lo0) traffic and drop all traffic to 127/8 that doesn't use lo0
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-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
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-A INPUT ! -i lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT
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# Accept all established inbound connections
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-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
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# Allow all outbound traffic - you can modify this to only allow certain traffic
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-A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT
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# Allow HTTP and HTTPS connections from anywhere (the normal ports for websites and SSL).
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-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
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-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
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# Allow SSH connections
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# The -dport number should be the same port number you set in sshd_config
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-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
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# Allow ping
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-A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT
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# Log iptables denied calls
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-A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7
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# Reject all other inbound - default deny unless explicitly allowed policy
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-A INPUT -j REJECT
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-A FORWARD -j REJECT
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COMMIT
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```
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iptables-persistent 将在机器启动时自动加载配置。但是由于我们现在不会立刻重启，我们需要第一次手动加载它：
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```bash
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iptables-restore < /etc/iptables/rules.v4
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```
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{{< translation-status-zh-cn raw_title="Preparing your machine" raw_link="/admin/prerequisites/" last_tranlation_time="2020-05-04" raw_commit="ad1ef20f171c9f61439f32168987b0b4f9abd74b">}}
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