documentation/Running-Mastodon/Production-guide.md

Production guide
================

The following HTTP readers are already set internally and should not be set again:

```
'Server'                 => 'Mastodon',
'X-Frame-Options'        => 'DENY',
'X-Content-Type-Options' => 'nosniff',
'X-XSS-Protection'       => '1; mode=block',
```

## Nginx

Regardless of whether you go with the Docker approach or not, here is an example Nginx server configuration:

```nginx
map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
  default upgrade;
  ''      close;
}

server {
  listen 80;
  listen [::]:80;
  server_name example.com;
  return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}

server {
  listen 443 ssl;
  listen [::]:443 ssl;
  server_name example.com;

  ssl_protocols TLSv1.2;
  ssl_ciphers EECDH+AESGCM:EECDH+AES;
  ssl_ecdh_curve prime256v1;
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
  ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;

  ssl_certificate     /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
  ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;

  keepalive_timeout    70;
  sendfile             on;
  client_max_body_size 0;

  root /home/mastodon/live/public;

  gzip on;
  gzip_disable "msie6";
  gzip_vary on;
  gzip_proxied any;
  gzip_comp_level 6;
  gzip_buffers 16 8k;
  gzip_http_version 1.1;
  gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

  add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000";

  location / {
    try_files $uri @proxy;
  }

  location @proxy {
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
    proxy_set_header Proxy "";
    proxy_pass_header Server;

    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
    proxy_buffering off;
    proxy_redirect off;
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;

    tcp_nodelay on;
  }

  location /api/v1/streaming {
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
    proxy_set_header Proxy "";

    proxy_pass http://localhost:4000;
    proxy_buffering off;
    proxy_redirect off;
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;

    tcp_nodelay on;
  }

  error_page 500 501 502 503 504 /500.html;
}
```

## Running in production without Docker

It is recommended to create a special user for mastodon on the server (you could call the user `mastodon`), though remember to disable outside login for it. You should only be able to get into that user through `sudo su - mastodon`.

## General dependencies

    sudo apt-get install imagemagick ffmpeg libpq-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev nodejs file git curl
    curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_4.x | sudo bash -

    sudo apt-get install nodejs

    sudo npm install -g yarn

## Redis

    sudo apt-get install redis-server redis-tools

## Postgres

    sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib

Set up a user and database for Mastodon:

    sudo su - postgres
    psql

In the prompt:

    CREATE USER mastodon CREATEDB;
    \q

Under Ubuntu 16.04, you will need to explicitly enable ident authentication so that local users can connect to the database without a password:

    sudo sed -i '/^local.*postgres.*peer$/a host    all     all     127.0.0.1/32    ident' /etc/postgresql/9.?/main/pg_hba.conf

and install an ident daemon, which does not come installed by default:

    sudo apt-get install pidentd
    sudo systemctl enable pidentd
    sudo systemctl start pidentd
    sudo systemctl restart postgresql

## Rbenv

It is recommended to use rbenv (exclusively from the `mastodon` user) to install the desired Ruby version. Follow the guides to [install rbenv][1] and [rbenv-build][2] (I recommend checking the [prerequisites][3] for your system on the rbenv-build project and installing them beforehand, obviously outside the unprivileged `mastodon` user)

[1]: https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv#installation
[2]: https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build#installation
[3]: https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build/wiki#suggested-build-environment

Then once `rbenv` is ready, run `rbenv install 2.4.1` to install the Ruby version for Mastodon.

## Git

You need the `git-core` package installed on your system. If it is so, from the `mastodon` user:

    cd ~
    git clone https://github.com/tootsuite/mastodon.git live
    cd live

Then you can proceed to install project dependencies:

    gem install bundler
    bundle install --deployment --without development test
    yarn install

## Configuration

Then you have to configure your instance:

    cp .env.production.sample .env.production
    nano .env.production

Fill in the important data, like host/port of the redis database, host/port/username/password of the postgres database, your domain name, SMTP details (e.g. from Mailgun or equivalent transactional e-mail service, many have free tiers), whether you intend to use SSL, etc. If you need to generate secrets, you can use:

    rake secret

To get a random string. If you are setting up on one single server (most likely), then `REDIS_HOST` is localhost and `DB_HOST` is `/var/run/postgresql`, `DB_USER` is `mastodon` and `DB_NAME` is `mastodon_production` while `DB_PASS` is empty because this setup will use the ident authentication method (system user "mastodon" maps to postgres user "mastodon").

## Setup

And set up the database for the first time, this will create the tables and basic data:

    RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails db:setup

Finally, pre-compile all CSS and JavaScript files:

    RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails assets:precompile

## Systemd

Example systemd configuration for the web workers, to be placed in `/etc/systemd/system/mastodon-web.service`:

```systemd
[Unit]
Description=mastodon-web
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=mastodon
WorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/live
Environment="RAILS_ENV=production"
Environment="PORT=3000"
ExecStart=/home/mastodon/.rbenv/shims/bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rb
TimeoutSec=15
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```

Example systemd configuration for the background workers, to be placed in `/etc/systemd/system/mastodon-sidekiq.service`:

```systemd
[Unit]
Description=mastodon-sidekiq
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=mastodon
WorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/live
Environment="RAILS_ENV=production"
Environment="DB_POOL=5"
ExecStart=/home/mastodon/.rbenv/shims/bundle exec sidekiq -c 5 -q default -q mailers -q pull -q push
TimeoutSec=15
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```

Example systemd configuration file for the streaming API, to be placed in `/etc/systemd/system/mastodon-streaming.service`:

```systemd
[Unit]
Description=mastodon-streaming
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=mastodon
WorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/live
Environment="NODE_ENV=production"
Environment="PORT=4000"
ExecStart=/usr/bin/npm run start
TimeoutSec=15
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```

This allows you to `sudo systemctl enable /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-*.service` and `sudo systemctl start mastodon-web.service mastodon-sidekiq.service mastodon-streaming.service` to get things going.

## Cronjobs

There are several tasks that should be run once a day to ensure that mastodon is
running smoothly. As your mastodon user run `crontab -e` and enter the following

```
RAILS_ENV=production
@daily cd /home/mastodon/live && /home/mastodon/.rbenv/shims/bundle exec rake mastodon:media:clear > /dev/null
@daily cd /home/mastodon/live && /home/mastodon/.rbenv/shims/bundle exec rake mastodon:push:refresh > /dev/null
@daily cd /home/mastodon/live && /home/mastodon/.rbenv/shims/bundle exec rake mastodon:feeds:clear > /dev/null
```

## Things to look out for when upgrading Mastodon

You can upgrade Mastodon with a `git pull` from the repository directory. You may need to run:

- `RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails db:migrate`
- `RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails assets:precompile`

Depending on which files changed, e.g. if anything in the `/db/` or `/app/assets` directory changed, respectively. Also, Mastodon runs in memory, so you need to restart it before you see any changes. If you're using systemd, that would be:

    sudo systemctl restart mastodon-*.service