documentation/content/zh-cn/admin/migrating.md

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---
title: 迁移到新机器
description: 在不损失任何东西的情况下把你的Mastodon复制安装至新的服务器上。
menu:
docs:
weight: 90
parent: admin
---
有时出于各种原因你需要将你的Mastodon实例从一台服务器迁移至另一台。幸运的是这个过程并不太困解虽然这可能导致一段时间的下线。
{{< hint style="info" >}}
本篇指南基于Ubuntu Server编写根据其他设置的不同你的过程可能会有变化。
{{< /hint >}}
## 基本步骤 {#basic-steps}
Update content for 4.0 (part 1) (#991) * add rules * join date on profiles * deprecate follow scope * deprecate identity proofs * familiar followers * use definition lists instead of tables for defining activitypub properties * reformat notifications page into markdown * fix broken links to publicKey header * Application website is now nullable * update environment variables added and removed * fix typo * fix heading level * min_id and max_id can be used at the same time (3.3) * fix typo * new tootctl options * reformat tootctl page to use definition lists for params * add rules and configuration to Instance * fix typo * refactor instance api page * 3.3.0 duration on mutes * 3.3.0 mute_expires_at * improve section headings * 3.4.0 resend email confirmation api * 3.4.0 policy on push subscriptions * 3.4.0 add details to account registration error * refactor accounts api page and start adding relrefs to entity pages * 3.4.0 accounts/lookup api * add see also to accounts methods * add more see-also links * 3.5.0 appeal mod decisions * 3.5.0 reformat reports and add category/rule_ids params * document report entity and missing responses * fix typos * fix relrefs and url schema, add aliases to old urls * add archetypes for new methods/entities * update archetypes with see-also stubs * clearer presentation of rate limits * announcements api methods * refactor apps methods * refactor bookmarks methods + some anchors * refactor conversations methods * custom_emojis methods refactor * anchors * refactor directory methods * refactor domain_blocks methods * add see also to emails methods * fix page relref shortcodes to specific methods + refactor endorsements methods * min_id max_id * refactor favourites methods * refactor featured_tags methods * refactor filters methods, make path params consistent, i18n required shortcode * follow_requests methods * lists methods * markers methods * forgot to add entity links * media methods, also fix formatting of some json errors * mutes methods, add more see-also links * oembed methods * preferences methods * proofs methods * push methods * suggestions methods * 3.5.0 add new trend types, fix formatting * refactor streaming methods * refactor oauth methods * note that streaming api casts payload to string * refactor search methods * refactor polls methods * remove unnecessary link * reformat scheduled_statuses methods * reformat timelines methods * reformat statuses methods * 3.5.0 editing statuses * consistent use of array brackets in form data parameters * update dev setup guide, add vagrant and clean up text * add admin/accounts methods * 3.6 role entity * admin/accounts methods v2 * minor fix * stub admin/reports methods * document admin reports * add 403 example to methods archetype * cleanup entities for admin reports and add new attrs * 3.6.0 domain allows methods + normalize admin entity namespace * fix search-and-replace error * add aliases for admin entities * 3.6.0 canonical email blocks entity * 3.5.0 admin/retention api * 3.5.0 add admin::ip doc * 3.5.0 admin/reports * 3.6.0 admin/domain_allows * 3.5.0 admin/dimensions * 3.6.0 permissions and roles * minor formatting fix * add anchor link to headings * checkpoint * add update commands to dev env setup guide * change mentions of v3.6 to v4.0 * tootctl now uses custom roles * fix formatting * v2 instance api * update frontmatter, add better titles to pages * minor wording change * consistency * add more aliases * add placeholders and WIP notices * explain link pagination and stub out todos * switch baseURL to https * 422 on reports with rules but category!=violation * document bug fixes * fix typo * remove duplicate API method definition * s/tootsuite/mastodon for github links * remove unnecessary escaping * s/tootsuite/mastodon in Entity archetype * add missing nullable shortcode * clarify oauth scope when requesting a user token * api/v2/media now synchronous for images * DISALLOW_UNAUTHENTICATED_API_ACCESS * add undocumented env variables * add instance domain blocks and extended description api * add SMTP_ENABLE_STARTTLS * add description to SMTP_ENABLE_STARTTLS * take suggestions from open PRs * normalize links and flavour language * Fully document streaming API based on source code * Add mention of MIME types * bump to ruby 3.0.4 * clarify how to check on async media processing * validation of replies_policy * remove TODOs on admin account action * EmailDomainBlocks * IpBlocks * Admin::DomainBlock * remove TODOs * following hashtags * followed_tags * remove reference to unused parameter * add new oauth scopes for admin blocks and allows * fix command signature for i18n-tasks normalize * reformat code structure page * document fixes for following tags (assume 4.0.3) * Add warning about pre-4.0 hardcoded roles * add note about case sensitivity * remove use of 'simply' from docs * remove reference to silencing * add reference to IDN normalization for verified links * add lang parameter
2022-11-20 07:34:38 +01:00
1. 依照[产品指南]({{< relref "install" >}})安装新的Mastodon服务器切记不要运行 `mastodon:setup`)。
2. 停止旧服务器上的Mastodon`systemctl stop 'mastodon-*.service'`)。
3. 依照如下指示导出并导入Postgres数据库。
4. 依照如下指示,复制 `system/` 目录下文件。注意如果你使用S3存储你可以跳过此步
5. 复制 `.env.production` 文件。
6. 运行 `RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails assets:precompile` 编译 Mastodon。
7. 运行 `RAILS_ENV=production ./bin/tootctl feeds build` 重新构建每个用户的主页时间流。
8. 启动新服务器上的Mastodon。
9. 更新DNS设置将其指向新服务器。
10. 更新或复制你的Nginx设置如果必要的话可重获取LetsEncrypt证书。
11. 享受你的新服务器!
## 详细步骤 {#detailed-steps}
### 什么数据需要被迁移 {#what-data-needs-to-be-migrated}
你必须需要复制如下内容:
* `~/live/public/system`目录里面包含了用户上传的图片与视频如果使用S3可跳过此步
Update content for 4.0, part 2 (#1060) * fix relrefs around trends and related entities * revert moving caption-links to middle of page * hide empty menu in table of contents * clarify edit notifs are only for boosted statuses * following/followers no longer need auth * fix typo * specify cooldown period for account Move * use the correct cooldown * add missing parameters to accounts/id/statuses * link to account_statuses_filter.rb * fix typo (#1072) * fix typo (#1073) * fix link to http sig spec (#1067) * simply HTTP request examples in api methods docs * add missing client_secret to oauth/token (#1062) * Add any, all, none to hashtag timeline * minor formatting changes * Update signature requirements and advice * fix public key -> private key * clarify use of RSA with SHA256 * Add note about saving your profile after adding rel-me link * v2 filters api * comment out params that shouldn't be used in v2 filter api * admin trends * remove old todo * canonical email blocks + scheduled statuses * remove under-construction warnings from finished pages * verify api method params with source code * fix typo (#1088) * fix broken caption-links (#1100) * fix formatting of entities (#1094) * Remove keybase section from user guide (#1093) * fix typos (#1092) * Verify limits are accurate (#1086) * add mention of iframe limitation (#1084) * Add CORS header to WEB_DOMAIN example (#1083) * Fix typo (#1081) * pin http sigs spec at draft 8 * Revert "pin http sigs spec at draft 8" This reverts commit 9fd5f7032b69b29e77599dd62adfe8d2f5cd4f20. * add case sensitivity warning to 4.0 roles * Add url length note to bio (#1087) * remove follow scope from examples (#1103) * clarify usage of update_credentials to update profile fields * add noindex to Account entitity * remove required hint from technically not required property
2022-12-14 22:55:30 +01:00
* Postgres数据库使用[pg_dump](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/backup-dump.html)
* `~/live/.env.production`文件,里面包含了服务器配置与密钥
不太重要的部分,为了方便起见,你也可以复制如下内容:
* nginx配置文件位于`/etc/nginx/sites-available/default`
* systemd配置文件`/etc/systemd/system/mastodon-*.service`),里面可能包括一些你服务器的调优与个性化
* pgbouncer配置文件位于 `/etc/pgbouncer` 如果你使用pgbouncer的话
### 导出并导入Postgres数据库 {#dump-and-load-postgres}
Update content for 4.0, part 2 (#1060) * fix relrefs around trends and related entities * revert moving caption-links to middle of page * hide empty menu in table of contents * clarify edit notifs are only for boosted statuses * following/followers no longer need auth * fix typo * specify cooldown period for account Move * use the correct cooldown * add missing parameters to accounts/id/statuses * link to account_statuses_filter.rb * fix typo (#1072) * fix typo (#1073) * fix link to http sig spec (#1067) * simply HTTP request examples in api methods docs * add missing client_secret to oauth/token (#1062) * Add any, all, none to hashtag timeline * minor formatting changes * Update signature requirements and advice * fix public key -> private key * clarify use of RSA with SHA256 * Add note about saving your profile after adding rel-me link * v2 filters api * comment out params that shouldn't be used in v2 filter api * admin trends * remove old todo * canonical email blocks + scheduled statuses * remove under-construction warnings from finished pages * verify api method params with source code * fix typo (#1088) * fix broken caption-links (#1100) * fix formatting of entities (#1094) * Remove keybase section from user guide (#1093) * fix typos (#1092) * Verify limits are accurate (#1086) * add mention of iframe limitation (#1084) * Add CORS header to WEB_DOMAIN example (#1083) * Fix typo (#1081) * pin http sigs spec at draft 8 * Revert "pin http sigs spec at draft 8" This reverts commit 9fd5f7032b69b29e77599dd62adfe8d2f5cd4f20. * add case sensitivity warning to 4.0 roles * Add url length note to bio (#1087) * remove follow scope from examples (#1103) * clarify usage of update_credentials to update profile fields * add noindex to Account entitity * remove required hint from technically not required property
2022-12-14 22:55:30 +01:00
不要运行`mastodon:setup`,而是创建一个名为`template0`的空白Postgres数据库当导入Postgres导出文件时这是很有用的参见[pg_dump文档](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/backup-dump.html#BACKUP-DUMP-RESTORE))。
在你的旧系统,使用`mastodon`用户运行如下命令:
```bash
pg_dump -Fc mastodon_production -f backup.dump
```
使用 `rsync``scp` 复制 `backup.dump` 文件。然后在新系统,使用`mastodon`帐户创建一个空数据库:
```bash
createdb -T template0 mastodon_production
```
然后导入它:
```bash
pg_restore -U mastodon -n public --no-owner --role=mastodon \
-d mastodon_production backup.dump
```
(注意:如果新服务器上的帐户名不是`mastodon`,你应当修改上面命令中 `-U` **和** `--role` 参数。两台服务器的用户名不同也可以。)
### 复制文件 {#copy-files}
本操作可能花费一些时间,若你希望避免不必要重复制,建议使用`rsync`。在你的旧机器上,使用`mastodon`用户,运行:
```bash
rsync -avz ~/live/public/system/ mastodon@example.com:~/live/public/system/
```
如果旧服务器上任何文件有改动,你需要重运行此命令。
你同样需要复制`.env.production`文件,该文件内含密钥。
可选的你可以复制nginx、systemd、pgbouncer配置文件或者从头开始重写它们。
### 迁移期间 {#during-migration}
你可以编辑旧机器上的`~/live/public/500.html`页面,如果你希望展示一个优雅的错误信息,让现有用户知晓正在进行迁移。
你也应该提前一天将DNS TTL设置为较小数值30-60分钟。这样当你把DNS指向新IP后新纪录可以很快扩散开来。
### 迁移后 {#after-migrating}
你可以使用[whatsmydns.net](https://whatsmydns.net/)来查看DNS扩散的过程。为了跳过这个过程你可以修改你自己的`/etc/hosts`文件,将其指向你的新服务器,这样你可以尽早开始使用新服务器。
{{< translation-status-zh-cn raw_title="Migrating to a new machine" raw_link="/admin/migrating/" last_tranlation_time="2020-05-06" raw_commit="ad1ef20f171c9f61439f32168987b0b4f9abd74b">}}