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<div class="document" id="libtorrent-manual">
<h1 class="title">libtorrent manual</h1>
<div class="contents topic" id="contents">
<p class="topic-title"><a name="contents">Contents</a></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference" href="#introduction" id="id9" name="id9">introduction</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#building" id="id10" name="id10">building</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference" href="#release-and-debug-builds" id="id11" name="id11">release and debug builds</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#using" id="id12" name="id12">using</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#session" id="id13" name="id13">session</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#parsing-torrent-files" id="id14" name="id14">parsing torrent files</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#entry" id="id15" name="id15">entry</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#torrent-info" id="id16" name="id16">torrent_info</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#torrent-handle" id="id17" name="id17">torrent_handle</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference" href="#status" id="id18" name="id18">status()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#get-download-queue" id="id19" name="id19">get_download_queue()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#get-peer-info" id="id20" name="id20">get_peer_info()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#get-torrent-info" id="id21" name="id21">get_torrent_info()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#is-valid" id="id22" name="id22">is_valid()</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#address" id="id23" name="id23">address</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#http-settings" id="id24" name="id24">http_settings</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#big-number" id="id25" name="id25">big_number</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#hasher" id="id26" name="id26">hasher</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#fingerprint" id="id27" name="id27">fingerprint</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference" href="#identify-client" id="id28" name="id28">identify_client</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#alerts" id="id29" name="id29">alerts</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference" href="#listen-failed-alert" id="id30" name="id30">listen_failed_alert</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#file-error-alert" id="id31" name="id31">file_error_alert</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#tracker-alert" id="id32" name="id32">tracker_alert</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#hash-failed-alert" id="id33" name="id33">hash_failed_alert</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#peer-error-alert" id="id34" name="id34">peer_error_alert</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#invalid-request-alert" id="id35" name="id35">invalid_request_alert</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#torrent-finished-alert" id="id36" name="id36">torrent_finished_alert</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#dispatcher" id="id37" name="id37">dispatcher</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#exceptions" id="id38" name="id38">exceptions</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference" href="#invalid-handle" id="id39" name="id39">invalid_handle</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#duplicate-torrent" id="id40" name="id40">duplicate_torrent</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#invalid-encoding" id="id41" name="id41">invalid_encoding</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#type-error" id="id42" name="id42">type_error</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#invalid-torrent-file" id="id43" name="id43">invalid_torrent_file</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#examples" id="id44" name="id44">examples</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference" href="#dump-torrent" id="id45" name="id45">dump_torrent</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#simple-client" id="id46" name="id46">simple client</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#fast-resume" id="id47" name="id47">fast resume</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference" href="#file-format" id="id48" name="id48">file format</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#extensions" id="id49" name="id49">extensions</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#aknowledgements" id="id50" name="id50">aknowledgements</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="introduction">
<h1><a name="introduction">introduction</a></h1>
<p>libtorrent is a C++ library that aims to be a good alternative to all the
other bittorrent implementations around. It is a
library and not a full featured client, although it comes with a working
example client.</p>
<p>The main goals of libtorrent are:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>to be cpu efficient</li>
<li>to be memory efficient</li>
<li>to be very easy to use</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>libtorrent is not finished. It is an ongoing project (including this documentation).
The current state includes the following features:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>multitracker extension support (as <a class="reference" href="http://home.elp.rr.com/tur/multitracker-spec.txt">described by TheShadow</a>)</li>
<li>serves multiple torrents on a single port and a single thread</li>
<li>supports http proxies and proxy authentication</li>
<li>gzipped tracker-responses</li>
<li>piece picking on block-level (as opposed to piece-level) like in <a class="reference" href="http://azureus.sourceforge.net">Azureus</a></li>
<li>queues torrents for file check, instead of checking all of them in parallel.</li>
<li>uses separate threads for checking files and for main downloader, with a fool-proof
thread-safe library interface. (i.e. There's no way for the user to cause a deadlock).</li>
<li>can limit the upload bandwidth usage and the maximum number of unchoked peers</li>
<li>piece-wise file allocation</li>
<li>implements fair trade. User settable trade-ratio, must at least be 1:1,
but one can choose to trade 1 for 2 or any other ratio that isn't unfair to the other
party.</li>
<li>fast resume support, a way to get rid of the costly piece check at the start
of a resumed torrent. Saves the storage state, piece_picker state as well as all local
peers in a separate fast-resume file.</li>
<li>supports the extension protocol <a class="reference" href="http://nolar.com/azureus/extended.htm">described by Nolar</a>. See <a class="reference" href="#extensions">extensions</a>.</li>
<li>supports files &gt; 2 gigabytes (currently only on windows).</li>
<li>supports the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">no_peer_id=1</span></tt> extension that will ease the load off trackers.</li>
<li>supports the <a class="reference" href="udp_tracker_protocol.html">udp-tracker protocol</a>.</li>
<li>possibility to limit the number of connections.</li>
<li>delays have messages if there's no other outgoing traffic to the peer, and doesn't
send have messages to peers that already has the piece. This saves bandwidth.</li>
<li>does not have any requirements on the piece order in a torrent that it resumes. This
means it can resume a torrent downloaded by any client.</li>
<li>adjusts the length of the request queue depending on download rate.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>Functions that are yet to be implemented:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>large file support on linux and Mac OS X.</li>
<li>better identification of peers that send bad data</li>
<li>ip-filters</li>
<li>file-level priority</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>libtorrent is portable at least among windows, macosx, and UNIX-systems. It uses boost.thread,
boost.filesystem, boost.date_time and various other boost libraries as well as zlib.</p>
<p>libtorrent has been successfully compiled and tested on:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Windows 2000 vc7.1</li>
<li>Linux x86 (debian) GCC 3.0.4, GCC 3.2.3</li>
<li>Windows 2000, msvc6 sp5 (does not support 64-bit values due to problems with operator&lt;&lt;(ostream&amp;, __int64))</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>Fails on:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Linux x86 (Debian) GCC 2.95.4 (<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">std::ios_base</span></tt> is missing)</li>
<li>Cygwin GCC 3.3.1 (compiles but crashes)</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>libtorrent is released under the <a class="reference" href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php">BSD-license</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="building">
<h1><a name="building">building</a></h1>
<p>To build libtorrent you need <a class="reference" href="http://www.boost.org">boost</a> and bjam installed.
Then you can use <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> to build libtorrent.</p>
<p>To make bjam work, you need to set the environment variable <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">BOOST_ROOT</span></tt> to the
path where boost is installed (e.g. c:\boost_1_30_2 on windows). Then you can just run
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> in the libtorrent directory.</p>
<p>The Jamfile doesn't work yet. On unix-systems you can use the makefile however. You
first have to build boost.thread and boost.filesystem. You do this by, in the directory
'boost-1.30.2/tools/build/jam_src' run the build script <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">./build.sh</span></tt>. This should
produce at least one folder with the 'bin' prefix (and the rest of the name describes
your platform). Put the files in that folder somewhere in your path.</p>
<p>You can then invoke <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> in the directories 'boost-1.30.2/libs/thread/build',
'boost-1.30.2/libs/date_time/build' and 'boost-1.30.2/libs/filesystem/build'. That will
produce the needed libraries. Put these libraries in the libtorrent root directory.
You then have to modify the makefile to use you prefered compiler and to have the
correct path to your boost istallation.</p>
<p>Then the makefile should be able to do the rest.</p>
<p>When building (with boost 1.30.2) on linux and solaris however, I found that I had to make the following
modifications to the boost.date-time library. In the file:
'boost-1.30.2/boost/date_time/gregorian_calendar.hpp' line 59. Prepend 'boost/date_time/'
to the include path.</p>
<p>And the second modification was in the file:
'boost-1.30.2/boost/date_time/microsec_time_clock.hpp' add the following include at the top
of the file:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#include &quot;boost/cstdint.hpp&quot;
</pre>
<p>In developer studio, you may have to set the compiler options &quot;force conformance in for
loop scope&quot; and &quot;treat wchar_t as built-in type&quot; to Yes.</p>
<p>TODO: more detailed build instructions.</p>
<div class="section" id="release-and-debug-builds">
<h2><a name="release-and-debug-builds">release and debug builds</a></h2>
<p>If you just invoke the makefile you'll get a debug build. In debug the libtorrent vill
have pretty expensive invariant checks and asserts built into it. If you want to disable
such checks (you want to do that in a release build) you can see the table below for which
defines you can use to control the build.</p>
<table border class="table">
<colgroup>
<col width="39%" />
<col width="61%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th>macro</th>
<th>description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">NDEBUG</span></tt></td>
<td>If you define this macro, all asserts,
invariant checks and general debug code will be
removed. This option takes precedence over
other debug settings.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING</span></tt></td>
<td>If you define this macro, every peer connection
will log its traffic to a log file.
This setting requires a debug build, i.e.
if you set <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">NDEBUG</span></tt> aswell, no logs will be
written.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">TORRENT_STORAGE_DEBUG</span></tt></td>
<td>This will enable extra expensive invariant
checks in the storage, including logging of
piece sorting.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>If you experience that libtorrent uses unreasonable amounts of cpu, it will definately help to
define <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">NDEBUG</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using">
<h1><a name="using">using</a></h1>
<p>The interface of libtorrent consists of a few classes. The main class is
the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">session</span></tt>, it contains the main loop that serves all torrents.</p>
<p>The basic usage is as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">conststruct a session</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">parse .torrent-files and add them to the session</p>
</li>
<li><dl class="first">
<dt>main loop</dt>
<dd><ul class="first last simple">
<li>query the torrent_handles for progress</li>
<li>query the session for information</li>
<li>add and remove torrents from the session at run-time</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><p class="first">destruct all torrent_handles</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">destruct session object</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Each class and function is described in this manual.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="session">
<h1><a name="session">session</a></h1>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">session</span></tt> class has the following synopsis:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
class session: public boost::noncopyable
{
session(std::pair&lt;int, int&gt; listen_port_range, const fingerprint&amp; print);
session(std::pair&lt;int, int&gt; listen_port_range);
torrent_handle add_torrent(
const torrent_info&amp; t
, const boost::filesystem::path&amp; save_path
, const entry&amp; resume_data = entry());
void remove_torrent(const torrent_handle&amp; h);
void set_http_settings(const http_settings&amp; settings);
void set_upload_rate_limit(int bytes_per_second);
std::auto_ptr&lt;alert&gt; pop_alert();
void set_severity_level(alert::severity_t s);
};
</pre>
<p>Once it's created, it will spawn the main thread that will do all the work.
The main thread will be idle as long it doesn't have any torrents to participate in.
You add torrents through the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">add_torrent()</span></tt>-function where you give an
object representing the information found in the torrent file and the path where you
want to save the files. The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">save_path</span></tt> will be prepended to the directory-
structure in the torrent-file. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">add_torrent</span></tt> will throw <a class="reference" href="#duplicate-torrent">duplicate_torrent</a> exception
if the torrent already exists in the session.</p>
<p>The optional last parameter, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">resume_data</span></tt> can be given if up to date fast-resume data
is available. The fast-resume data can be acquired from a running torrent by calling
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">torrent_handle::write_resume_data()</span></tt>. See <a class="reference" href="#fast-resume">fast resume</a>.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">remove_torrent()</span></tt> will close all peer connections associated with the torrent and tell
the tracker that we've stopped participating in the swarm.</p>
<p>If the torrent you are trying to add already exists in the session (is either queued
for checking, being checked or downloading) <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">add_torrent()</span></tt> will throw
<a class="reference" href="#duplicate-torrent">duplicate_torrent</a> which derives from <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">std::exception</span></tt>.</p>
<p>The difference between the two constructors is that one of them takes a fingerprint
as argument. If this is ommited, the client will get a default fingerprint stating
the version of libtorrent. The fingerprint is a short string that will be used in
the peer-id to identify the client and the client's version. For more details see the
fingerprint class.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">set_upload_rate_limit()</span></tt> set the maximum number of bytes allowed to be
sent to peers per second. This bandwidth is distributed among all the peers. If
you don't want to limit upload rate, you can set this to -1 (the default).</p>
<p>The destructor of session will notify all trackers that our torrents has been shut down.
If some trackers are down, they will timout. All this before the destructor of session
returns. So, it's adviced that any kind of interface (such as windows) are closed before
destructing the sessoin object. Because it can take a few second for it to finish. The
timeout can be set with <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">set_http_settings()</span></tt>.</p>
<p>The <a class="reference" href="#torrent-handle">torrent_handle</a> returned by <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">add_torrent</span></tt> can be used to retrieve information
about the torrent's progress, its peers etc. It is also used to abort a torrent.</p>
<p>The constructor takes a range of listen ports as argument, if the first port is busy it will
increase the port number by one and try again. If it still fails it will continue
increasing the port number until it succeeds or has reached the end of the range. If it
fails with all ports, a <a class="reference" href="#listen-failed-alert">listen_failed_alert</a> will be posted and the session thread will
exit. The only thing you can do with your session if this alert is posted is to destruct
it and possibly try again or change the port range.</p>
<p>For information about the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">pop_alert()</span></tt> function, see <a class="reference" href="#alerts">alerts</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="parsing-torrent-files">
<h1><a name="parsing-torrent-files">parsing torrent files</a></h1>
<p>The torrent files are <a class="reference" href="http://wiki.theory.org/index.php/BitTorrentSpecification">bencoded</a>. There are two functions in libtorrent that can encode and decode
bencoded data. They are:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
template&lt;class InIt&gt; entry bdecode(InIt start, InIt end);
template&lt;class OutIt&gt; void bencode(OutIt out, const entry&amp; e);
</pre>
<p>The <a class="reference" href="#entry">entry</a> class is the internal representation of the bencoded data
and it can be used to retreive information, an <a class="reference" href="#entry">entry</a> can also be build by
the program and given to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">bencode()</span></tt> to encode it into the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">OutIt</span></tt>
iterator.</p>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">OutIt</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">InIt</span></tt> are iterators
(<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">InputIterator_</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">OutputIterator_</span></tt> respectively). They
are templates and are usually instantiated as <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">ostream_iterator_</span></tt>,
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">back_insert_iterator_</span></tt> or <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">istream_iterator_</span></tt>. These
functions will assume that the iterator refers to a character
(<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">char</span></tt>). So, if you want to encode entry <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">e</span></tt> into a buffer
in memory, you can do it like this:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
std::vector&lt;char&gt; buffer;
bencode(std::back_insert_iterator&lt;std::vector&lt;char&gt; &gt;(buf), e);
</pre>
<p>If you want to decode a torrent file from a buffer in memory, you can do it like this:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
std::vector&lt;char&gt; buffer;
// ...
entry e = bdecode(buf.begin(), buf.end());
</pre>
<p>Or, if you have a raw char buffer:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
const char* buf;
// ...
entry e = bdecode(buf, buf + data_size);
</pre>
<p>Now we just need to know how to retrieve information from the <a class="reference" href="#entry">entry</a>.</p>
<p>If <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">bdecode()</span></tt> encounters invalid encoded data in the range given to it
it will throw <a class="reference" href="#invalid-encoding">invalid_encoding</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="entry">
<h1><a name="entry">entry</a></h1>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">entry</span></tt> class represents one node in a bencoded hierarchy. It works as a
variant type, it can be either a list, a dictionary (<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">std::map</span></tt>), an integer
or a string. This is its synopsis:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
class entry
{
public:
typedef std::map&lt;std::string, entry&gt; dictionary_type;
typedef std::string string_type;
typedef std::vector&lt;entry&gt; list_type;
typedef implementation-defined integer_type;
enum data_type
{
int_t,
string_t,
list_t,
dictionary_t,
undefined_t
};
data_type type() const;
entry(const dictionary_type&amp;);
entry(const string_type&amp;);
entry(const list_type&amp;);
entry(const integer_type&amp;);
entry();
entry(data_type t);
entry(const entry&amp; e);
~entry();
void operator=(const entry&amp; e);
void operator=(const dictionary_type&amp;);
void operator=(const string_type&amp;);
void operator=(const list_type&amp;);
void operator=(const integer_type&amp;);
integer_type&amp; integer()
const integer_type&amp; integer() const;
string_type&amp; string();
const string_type&amp; string() const;
list_type&amp; list();
const list_type&amp; list() const;
dictionary_type&amp; dict();
const dictionary_type&amp; dict() const;
void print(std::ostream&amp; os, int indent = 0) const;
};
</pre>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">integer()</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">string()</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">list()</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">dict()</span></tt> functions
are accessorts that return the respecive type. If the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">entry</span></tt> object isn't of the
type you request, the accessor will throw <a class="reference" href="#type-error">type_error</a> (which derives from
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">std::runtime_error</span></tt>). You can ask an <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">entry</span></tt> for its type through the
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">type()</span></tt> function.</p>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">print()</span></tt> function is there for debug purposes only.</p>
<p>If you want to create an <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">entry</span></tt> you give it the type you want it to have in its
constructor, and then use one of the non-const accessors to get a reference which you then
can assign the value you want it to have.</p>
<p>The typical code to get info from a torrent file will then look like this:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
entry torrent_file;
// ...
const entry::dictionary_type&amp; dict = torrent_file.dict();
entry::dictionary_type::const_iterator i;
i = dict.find(&quot;announce&quot;);
if (i != dict.end())
{
std::string tracker_url= i-&gt;second.string();
std::cout &lt;&lt; tracker_url &lt;&lt; &quot;\n&quot;;
}
</pre>
<p>To make it easier to extract information from a torren file, the class <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">torrent_info</span></tt>
exists.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="torrent-info">
<h1><a name="torrent-info">torrent_info</a></h1>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">torrent_info</span></tt> has the following synopsis:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
class torrent_info
{
public:
torrent_info(const entry&amp; torrent_file)
typedef std::vector&gt;file&gt;::const_iterator file_iterator;
typedef std::vector&lt;file&gt;::const_reverse_iterator reverse_file_iterator;
file_iterator begin_files() const;
file_iterator end_files() const;
reverse_file_iterator rbegin_files() const;
reverse_file_iterator rend_files() const;
int num_files() const;
const file&amp; file_at(int index) const;
const std::vector&lt;announce_entry&gt;&amp; trackers() const;
int prioritize_tracker(int index);
entry::integer_type total_size() const;
entry::integer_type piece_length() const;
int num_pieces() const;
const sha1_hash&amp; info_hash() const;
const std::stirng&amp; name() const;
const std::string&amp; comment() const;
boost::posiz_time::ptime creation_date() const;
void print(std::ostream&amp; os) const;
entry::integer_type piece_size(unsigned int index) const;
const sha1_hash&amp; hash_for_piece(unsigned int index) const;
};
</pre>
<p>This class will need some explanation. First of all, to get a list of all files
in the torrent, you can use <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">begin_files()</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">end_files()</span></tt>,
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">rbegin_files()</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">rend_files()</span></tt>. These will give you standard vector
iterators with the type <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">file_entry</span></tt>.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct file_entry
{
std::string path;
std::string filename;
entry::integer_type size;
};
</pre>
<p>If you need index-access to files you can use the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">num_files()</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">file_at()</span></tt>
to access files using indices.</p>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">print()</span></tt> function is there for debug purposes only. It will print the info from
the torrent file to the given outstream.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">name()</span></tt> returns the name of the torrent.</p>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">trackers()</span></tt> function will return a sorted vector of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">announce_entry</span></tt>.
Each announce entry contains a string, which is the tracker url, and a tier index. The
tier index is the high-level priority. No matter which trackers that works or not, the
ones with lower tier will always be tried before the one with higher tier number.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct announce_entry
{
std::string url;
int tier;
};
</pre>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">prioritize_tracker()</span></tt> is used internally to move a tracker to the front
of its tier group. i.e. It will never be moved pass a tracker with a different tier
number. For more information about how multiple trackers are dealt with, see the
<a class="reference" href="http://home.elp.rr.com/tur/multitracker-spec.txt">specification</a>.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">total_size()</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">piece_length()</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">num_pieces()</span></tt> returns the total
number of bytes the torrent-file represents (all the files in it), the number of byte for
each piece and the total number of pieces, respectively. The difference between
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">piece_size()</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">piece_length()</span></tt> is that <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">piece_size()</span></tt> takes
the piece index as argument and gives you the exact size of that piece. It will always
be the same as <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">piece_length()</span></tt> except in the case of the last piece, which may
be smaller.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">hash_for_piece()</span></tt> takes a piece-index and returns the 20-bytes sha1-hash for that
piece and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">info_hash()</span></tt> returns the 20-bytes sha1-hash for the info-section of the
torrent file. For more information on the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">sha1_hash</span></tt>, see the <a class="reference" href="#big-number">big_number</a> class.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">comment()</span></tt> returns the comment associated with the torrent. If there's no comment,
it will return an empty string. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">creation_date()</span></tt> returns a <a class="reference" href="http://www.boost.org/libs/date_time/doc/class_ptime.html">boost::posix_time::ptime</a>
object, representing the time when this torrent file was created. If there's no timestamp
in the torrent file, this will return a date of january 1:st 1970.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="torrent-handle">
<h1><a name="torrent-handle">torrent_handle</a></h1>
<p>You will usually have to store your torrent handles somewhere, since it's the
object through which you retrieve infromation about the torrent and aborts the torrent.
Its declaration looks like this:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct torrent_handle
{
torrent_handle();
torrent_status status();
void get_download_queue(std::vector&lt;partial_piece_info&gt;&amp; queue);
void get_peer_info(std::vector&lt;peer_info&gt;&amp; v);
const torrent_info&amp; get_torrent_info();
bool is_valid();
entry write_resume_data();
void force_reannounce();
void connect_peer(const address&amp; adr) const;
void set_ratio(float ratio);
boost::filsystem::path save_path() const;
void set_max_uploads(int max_uploads);
void set_max_connections(int max_connections);
sha1_hash info_hash() const;
bool operator==(const torrent_handle&amp;) const;
bool operator!=(const torrent_handle&amp;) const;
bool operator&lt;(const torrent_handle&amp;) const;
};
</pre>
<p>The default constructor will initialize the handle to an invalid state. Which means you cannot
perform any operation on it, unless you first assign it a valid handle. If you try to perform
any operation on an uninitialized handle, it will throw <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">invalid_handle</span></tt>.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">save_path()</span></tt> returns the path that was given to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">add_torrent()</span></tt> when this torrent
was started.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">force_reannounce()</span></tt> will force this torrent to do another tracker request, to receive new
peers. If the torrent is invalid, queued or in checking mode, this functions will throw
<a class="reference" href="#invalid-handle">invalid_handle</a>.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">connect_peer()</span></tt> is a way to manually connect to peers that one believe is a part of the
torrent. If the peer does not respond, or is not a member of this torrent, it will simply
be disconnected. No harm can be done by using this other than an unnecessary connection
attempt is made. If the torrent is uninitialized or in queued or checking mode, this
will throw <a class="reference" href="#invalid-handle">invalid_handle</a>.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">set_ratio()</span></tt> sets the desired download / upload ratio. If set to 0, it is considered being
infinite. i.e. the client will always upload as much as it can, no matter how much it gets back
in return. With this setting it will work much like the standard clients.</p>
<p>Besides 0, the ration can be set to any number greater than or equal to 1. It means how much to
attempt to upload in return for each download. e.g. if set to 2, the client will try to upload
2 bytes for every byte received. The default setting for this is 0, which will make it work
as a standard client.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">info_hash()</span></tt> returns the info hash for the torrent.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">set_max_uploads()</span></tt> sets the maximum number of peers that's unchoked at the same time on this
torrent. If you set this to -1, there will be no limit.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">set_max_connections()</span></tt> sets the maximum number of connection this torrent will open. If all
connections are used up, incoming connections may be refused or poor connections may be closed.
This must be at least 2. The default is unlimited number of connections. If -1 is given to the
function, it means unlimited.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">write_resume_data()</span></tt> generates fast-resume data and returns it as an entry. This entry
is suitable for being bencoded. For more information about how fast-resume works, see <a class="reference" href="#fast-resume">fast resume</a>.
It may throw <a class="reference" href="#invalid-handle">invalid_handle</a> if the torrent handle is invalid.</p>
<div class="section" id="status">
<h2><a name="status">status()</a></h2>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">status()</span></tt> will return a structure with information about the status of this
torrent. If the <a class="reference" href="#torrent-handle">torrent_handle</a> is invalid, it will throw <a class="reference" href="#invalid-handle">invalid_handle</a> exception.
It contains the following fields:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct torrent_status
{
enum state_t
{
invalid_handle,
queued_for_checking,
checking_files,
connecting_to_tracker,
downloading,
seeding
};
state_t state;
float progress;
boost::posix_time::time_duration next_announce;
boost::posix_time::time_duration announce_interval;
std::string current_tracker;
size_type total_download;
size_type total_upload;
size_type total_payload_download;
size_type total_payload_upload;
float download_rate;
float upload_rate;
int num_peers;
const std::vector&lt;bool&gt;* pieces;
size_type total_done;
};
</pre>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">progress</span></tt> is a value in the range [0, 1], that represents the progress of the
torrent's current task. It may be checking files or downloading. The torrent's
current task is in the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">state</span></tt> member, it will be one of the following:</p>
<table border class="table">
<colgroup>
<col width="31%" />
<col width="69%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">queued_for_checking</span></tt></td>
<td>The torrent is in the queue for being checked. But there
currently is another torrent that are being checked.
This torrent will wait for its turn.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">checking_files</span></tt></td>
<td>The torrent has not started its download yet, and is
currently checking existing files.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">connecting_to_tracker</span></tt></td>
<td>The torrent has sent a request to the tracker and is
currently waiting for a response</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">downloading</span></tt></td>
<td>The torrent is being downloaded. This is the state
most torrents will be in most of the time. The progress
meter will tell how much of the files that has been
downloaded.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">seeding</span></tt></td>
<td>In this state the torrent has finished downloading and
is a pure seeder.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">next_announce</span></tt> is the time until the torrent will announce itself to the tracker. And
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">announce_interval</span></tt> is the time the tracker want us to wait until we announce ourself
again the next time.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">current_tracker</span></tt> is the URL of the last working tracker. If no tracker request has
been successful yet, it's set to an empty string.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">total_download</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">total_upload</span></tt> is the number of bytes downloaded and
uploaded to all peers, accumulated, <em>this session</em> only.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">total_payload_download</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">total_payload_upload</span></tt> counts the amount of bytes
send and received this session, but only the actual oayload data (i.e the interesting
data), these counters ignore any protocol overhead.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">pieces</span></tt> is the bitmask that represents which pieces we have (set to true) and
the pieces we don't have. It's a pointer and may be set to 0 if the torrent isn't
downloading or seeding.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">download_rate</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">upload_rate</span></tt> are the total rates for all peers for this
torrent. These will usually have better precision than summing the rates from
all peers. The rates are given as the number of bytes per second.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">num_peers</span></tt> is the number of peers this torrent currently is connected to.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">total_done</span></tt> is the total number of bytes of the file(s) that we have.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="get-download-queue">
<h2><a name="get-download-queue">get_download_queue()</a></h2>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">get_download_queue()</span></tt> takes a non-const reference to a vector which it will fill
information about pieces that are partially downloaded or not downloaded at all but partially
requested. The entry in the vector (<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">partial_piece_info</span></tt>) looks like this:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct partial_piece_info
{
enum { max_blocks_per_piece };
int piece_index;
int blocks_in_piece;
std::bitset&lt;max_blocks_per_piece&gt; requested_blocks;
std::bitset&lt;max_blocks_per_piece&gt; finished_blocks;
peer_id peer[max_blocks_per_piece];
int num_downloads[max_blocks_per_piece];
};
</pre>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">piece_index</span></tt> is the index of the piece in question. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">blocks_in_piece</span></tt> is the
number of blocks in this particular piece. This number will be the same for most pieces, but
the last piece may have fewer blocks than the standard pieces.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">requested_blocks</span></tt> is a bitset with one bit per block in the piece. If a bit is set, it
means that that block has been requested, but not necessarily fully downloaded yet. To know
from whom the block has been requested, have a look in the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">peer</span></tt> array. The bit-index
in the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">requested_blocks</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">finished_blocks</span></tt> correspons to the array-index into
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">peers</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">num_downloads</span></tt>. The array of peers is contains the id of the
peer the piece was requested from. If a piece hasn't been requested (the bit in
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">requested_blocks</span></tt> is not set) the peer array entry will be undefined.</p>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">finished_blocks</span></tt> is a bitset where each bit says if the block is fully downloaded
or not. And the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">num_downloads</span></tt> array says how many times that block has been downloaded.
When a piece fails a hash verification, single blocks may be redownloaded to see if the hash teast
may pass then.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="get-peer-info">
<h2><a name="get-peer-info">get_peer_info()</a></h2>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">get_peer_info()</span></tt> takes a reference to a vector that will be cleared and filled
with one entry for each peer connected to this torrent, given the handle is valid. If the
<a class="reference" href="#torrent-handle">torrent_handle</a> is invalid, it will throw <a class="reference" href="#invalid-handle">invalid_handle</a> exception. Each entry in
the vector contains information about that particular peer. It contains the following
fields:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct peer_info
{
enum
{
interesting = 0x1,
choked = 0x2,
remote_interested = 0x4,
remote_choked = 0x8,
supports_extensions = 0x10,
local_connection = 0x20
};
unsigned int flags;
address ip;
float up_speed;
float down_speed;
size_type total_download;
size_type total_upload;
peer_id id;
std::vector&lt;bool&gt; pieces;
int upload_limit;
int upload_ceiling;
size_type load_balancing;
int download_queue_length;
int upload_queue_length;
int downloading_piece_index;
int downloading_block_index;
int downloading_progress;
int downloading_total;
};
</pre>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">flags</span></tt> attribute tells you in which state the peer is. It is set to
any combination of the enums above. The following table describes each flag:</p>
<table border class="table">
<colgroup>
<col width="31%" />
<col width="69%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">interesting</span></tt></td>
<td>we are interested in pieces from this peer.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">choked</span></tt></td>
<td><strong>we</strong> have choked this peer.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">remote_interested</span></tt>
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">remote_choked</span></tt></td>
<td>means the same thing but that the peer is interested
in pieces from us and the peer has choked <strong>us</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">support_extensions</span></tt></td>
<td>means that this peer supports the <a class="reference" href="http://nolar.com/azureus/extended.htm">extension protocol
as described by nolar</a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">local_connection</span></tt></td>
<td>The connection was initiated by us, the peer has a
listen port open, and that port is the same is in the
<a class="reference" href="#address">address</a> of this peer. If this flag is not set, this
peer connection was opened by this peer connecting to
us.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">ip</span></tt> field is the IP-address to this peer. Its type is a wrapper around the
actual address and the port number. See <a class="reference" href="#address">address</a> class.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">up_speed</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">down_speed</span></tt> is the current upload and download speed
we have to and from this peer. These figures are updated aproximately once every second.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">total_download</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">total_upload</span></tt> are the total number of bytes downloaded
from and uploaded to this peer. These numbers do not include the protocol chatter, but only
the payload data.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">id</span></tt> is the peer's id as used in the bit torrent protocol. This id can be used to
extract 'fingerprints' from the peer. Sometimes it can tell you which client the peer
is using. See <a class="reference" href="#identify-client">identify_client</a></p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">pieces</span></tt> is a vector of booleans that has as many entries as there are pieces
in the torrent. Each boolean tells you if the peer has that piece (if it's set to true)
or if the peer miss that piece (set to false).</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">upload_limit</span></tt> is the number of bytes per second we are allowed to send to this
peer every second. It may be -1 if there's no limit. The upload limits of all peers
should sum up to the upload limit set by <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">session::set_upload_limit</span></tt>.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">upload_ceiling</span></tt> is the current maximum allowed upload rate given the cownload
rate and share ratio. If the global upload rate is inlimited, the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">upload_limit</span></tt>
for every peer will be the same as their <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">upload_ceiling</span></tt>.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">load_balancing</span></tt> is a measurment of the balancing of free download (that we get)
and free upload that we give. Every peer gets a certain amount of free upload, but
this member says how much <em>extra</em> free upload this peer has got. If it is a negative
number it means that this was a peer from which we have got this amount of free
download.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">download_queue_length</span></tt> is the number of piece-requests we have sent to this peer
that hasn't been answered with a piece yet.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">upload_queue_length</span></tt> is the number of piece-requests we have received from this peer
that we haven't answered with a piece yet.</p>
<p>You can know which piece, and which part of that piece, that is currently being
downloaded from a specific peer by looking at the next four members.
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">downloading_piece_index</span></tt> is the index of the piece that is currently being downloaded.
This may be set to -1 if there's currently no piece downloading from this peer. If it is
&gt;= 0, the other three members are valid. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">downloading_block_index</span></tt> is the index of the
block (or sub-piece) that is being downloaded. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">downloading_progress</span></tt> is the number
of bytes of this block we have received from the peer, and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">downloading_total</span></tt> is
the total number of bytes in this block.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="get-torrent-info">
<h2><a name="get-torrent-info">get_torrent_info()</a></h2>
<p>Returns a const reference to the <a class="reference" href="#torrent-info">torrent_info</a> object associated with this torrent.
This reference is valid as long as the <a class="reference" href="#torrent-handle">torrent_handle</a> is valid, no longer. If the
<a class="reference" href="#torrent-handle">torrent_handle</a> is invalid, <a class="reference" href="#invalid-handle">invalid_handle</a> exception will be thrown.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="is-valid">
<h2><a name="is-valid">is_valid()</a></h2>
<p>Returns true if this handle refers to a valid torrent and false if it hasn't been initialized
or if the torrent it refers to has been aborted.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="address">
<h1><a name="address">address</a></h1>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">address</span></tt> class represents a name of a network endpoint (usually referred to as
IP-address) and a port number. This is the same thing as a <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">sockaddr_in</span></tt> would contain.
Its declaration looks like this:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
class address
{
public:
address();
address(unsigned char a
, unsigned char b
, unsigned char c
, unsigned char d
, unsigned short port);
address(unsigned int addr, unsigned short port);
address(const std::string&amp; addr, unsigned short port);
address(const address&amp; a);
~address();
std::string as_string() const;
unsigned int ip() const;
unsigned short port() const;
bool operator&lt;(const address&amp; a) const;
bool operator!=(const address&amp; a) const;
bool operator==(const address&amp; a) const;
};
</pre>
<p>It is less-than comparable to make it possible to use it as a key in a map. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">as_string()</span></tt> may block
while it does the DNS lookup, it returns a string that points to the address represented by the object.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">ip()</span></tt> will return the 32-bit ip-address as an integer. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">port()</span></tt> returns the port number.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="http-settings">
<h1><a name="http-settings">http_settings</a></h1>
<p>You have some control over tracker requests through the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">http_settings</span></tt> object. You
create it and fill it with your settings and the use <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">session::set_http_settings()</span></tt>
to apply them. You have control over proxy and authorization settings and also the user-agent
that will be sent to the tracker. The user-agent is a good way to identify your client.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct http_settings
{
http_settings();
std::string proxy_ip;
int proxy_port;
std::string proxy_login;
std::string proxy_password;
std::string user_agent;
int tracker_timeout;
int tracker_maximum_response_length;
};
</pre>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">proxy_ip</span></tt> may be a hostname or ip to a http proxy to use. If this is
an empty string, no http proxy will be used.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">proxy_port</span></tt> is the port on which the http proxy listens. If <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">proxy_ip</span></tt>
is empty, this will be ignored.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">proxy_login</span></tt> should be the login username for the http proxy, if this
empty, the http proxy will be trid to be used without authentication.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">proxy_password</span></tt> the password string for the http proxy.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">user_agent</span></tt> this is the client identification to the tracker. It will
be followed by the string &quot;(libtorrent)&quot; to identify that this library
is being used. This should be set to your client's name and version number.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">tracker_timeout</span></tt> is the number of seconds the tracker connection will
wait until it considers the tracker to have timed-out. Default value is 10
seconds.</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">tracker_maximum_response_length</span></tt> is the maximum number of bytes in a
tracker response. If a response size passes this number it will be rejected
and the connection will be closed. On gzipped responses this size is measured
on the uncompressed data. So, if you get 20 bytes of gzip response that'll
expand to 2 megs, it will be interrupted before the entire response has been
uncompressed (given your limit is lower than 2 megs). Default limit is
1 megabyte.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="big-number">
<h1><a name="big-number">big_number</a></h1>
<p>Both the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">peer_id</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">sha1_hash</span></tt> types are typedefs of the class
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">big_number</span></tt>. It represents 20 bytes of data. Its synopsis follows:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
class big_number
{
public:
bool operator==(const big_number&amp; n) const;
bool operator!=(const big_number&amp; n) const;
bool operator&lt;(const big_number&amp; n) const;
const unsigned char* begin() const;
const unsigned char* end() const;
unsigned char* begin();
unsigned char* end();
};
</pre>
<p>The iterators gives you access to individual bytes.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="hasher">
<h1><a name="hasher">hasher</a></h1>
<p>This class creates sha1-hashes. Its declaration looks like this:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
class hasher
{
public:
hasher();
void update(const char* data, unsigned int len);
sha1_hash final();
void reset();
};
</pre>
<p>You use it by first instantiating it, then call <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">update()</span></tt> to feed it
with data. i.e. you don't have to keep the entire buffer of which you want to
create the hash in memory. You can feed the hasher parts of it at a time. When
You have fed the hasher with all the data, you call <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">final()</span></tt> and it
will return the sha1-hash of the data.</p>
<p>If you want to reuse the hasher object once you have created a hash, you have to
call <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">reset()</span></tt> to reinitialize it.</p>
<p>The sha1-algorithm used was implemented by Steve Reid and released as public domain.
For more info, see <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">src/sha1.c</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="fingerprint">
<h1><a name="fingerprint">fingerprint</a></h1>
<p>The fingerprint class represents information about a client and its version. It is used
to encode this information into the client's peer id.</p>
<p>This is the class declaration:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct fingerprint
{
fingerprint(const char* id_string, int major, int minor, int revision, int tag);
std::string to_string() const;
char id[2];
char major_version;
char minor_version;
char revision_version;
char tag_version;
};
</pre>
<p>The constructor takes a <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">const</span> <span class="pre">char*</span></tt> that should point to a string constant containing
exactly two characters. These are the characters that should be unique for your client. Make
sure not to clash with anybody else. Here are some taken id's:</p>
<table border class="table">
<colgroup>
<col width="30%" />
<col width="70%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th>id chars</th>
<th>client</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td>'AZ'</td>
<td>Azureus</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>'LT'</td>
<td>libtorrent (default)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>'BX'</td>
<td>BittorrentX</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>'MT'</td>
<td>Moonlight Torrent</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">major</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">minor</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">revision</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">tag</span></tt> parameters are used to identify the
version of your client. All these numbers must be within the range [0, 9].</p>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">to_string()</span></tt> will generate the actual string put in the peer-id, and return it.</p>
<div class="section" id="identify-client">
<h2><a name="identify-client">identify_client</a></h2>
<p>There's a function, in the header <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">libtorrent/identify_client.hpp</span></tt>, that can be used
to extract a string describing a client version from its peer-id. It has the following
declaration:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
std::string identify_client(const peer_id&amp; id);
</pre>
<p>It will recognize most clients that have this kind of identification in the peer-id.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="alerts">
<h1><a name="alerts">alerts</a></h1>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">pop_alert()</span></tt> function on session is the interface for retrieving
alerts, warnings, messages and errors from libtorrent. If there hasn't
occured any errors (matching your severity level) <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">pop_alert()</span></tt> will
return a zero pointer. If there has been some error, it will return a pointer
to an alert object describing it. You can then use the alert object and query
it for information about the error or message. To retrieve any alerts, you have
to select a severity level using <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">session::set_severity_level()</span></tt>. It defaults to
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">alert::none</span></tt>, which means that you don't get any messages at all, ever.
You have the following levels to select among:</p>
<table border class="table">
<colgroup>
<col width="19%" />
<col width="81%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">none</span></tt></td>
<td>No alert will ever have this severity level, which
effectively filters all messages.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">fatal</span></tt></td>
<td>Fatal errors will have this severity level. Examples can
be disk full or something else that will make it
impossible to continue normal execution.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">critical</span></tt></td>
<td>Signals errors that requires user interaction or
messages that almost never should be ignored. For
example, a chat message received from another peer is
announced as severity <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">critical</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">warning</span></tt></td>
<td>Messages with the warning severity can be a tracker that
times out or responds with invalid data. It will be
retried automatically, and the possible next tracker in
a multitracker sequence will be tried. It does not
require any user interaction.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">info</span></tt></td>
<td>Events that can be considered normal, but still deserves
an event. This could be a piece hash that fails.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">debug</span></tt></td>
<td>This will include alot of debug events that can be used
both for debugging libtorrent but also when debugging
other clients that are connected to libtorrent. It will
report strange behaviors among the connected peers.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>When setting a severity level, you will receive messages of that severity and all
messages that are more sever. If you set <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">alert::none</span></tt> (the default) you will not recieve
any events at all.</p>
<p>When you set a severuty level other than <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">none</span></tt>, you have the responsibility to call
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">pop_alert()</span></tt> from time to time. If you don't do that, the alert queue will just grow.</p>
<p>When you get an alert, you can use <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">typeid()</span></tt> or <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">dynamic_cast&lt;&gt;</span></tt> to get more detailed
information on exactly which type it is. i.e. what kind of error it is. You can also use a
<a class="reference" href="#dispatcher">dispatcher</a> mechanism that's available in libtorrent.</p>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">alert</span></tt> class is the base class that specific messages are derived from. This
is its synopsis:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
class alert
{
public:
enum severity_t { debug, info, warning, critital, fatal, none };
alert(severity_t severity, const std::string&amp; msg);
virtual ~alert();
const std::string&amp; msg() const;
severity_t severity() const;
virtual std::auto_ptr&lt;alert&gt; clone() const = 0;
};
</pre>
<p>This means that all alerts have at least a string describing it. They also
have a severity leve that can be used to sort them or present them to the
user in different ways.</p>
<p>The specific alerts, that all derives from <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">alert</span></tt>, are:</p>
<div class="section" id="listen-failed-alert">
<h2><a name="listen-failed-alert">listen_failed_alert</a></h2>
<p>This alert is generated when none of the ports, given in the port range, to
<a class="reference" href="#session">session</a> can be opened for listening. Without a listening port the session
object will exit its thread. This alert is generated as severity level <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">fatal</span></tt>.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct listen_failed_alert: alert
{
listen_failed_alert(const std::string&amp; msg);
virtual std::auto_ptr&lt;alert&gt; clone() const;
};
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="file-error-alert">
<h2><a name="file-error-alert">file_error_alert</a></h2>
<p>If the storage fails to read or write files that it needs access to, this alert is
generated and the torrent is aborted. It is generated as severity level <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">fatal</span></tt>.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct file_error_alert: alert
{
file_error_alert(
const torrent_handle&amp; h
, const std::string&amp; msg);
virtual std::auto_ptr&lt;alert&gt; clone() const;
torrent_handle handle;
};
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="tracker-alert">
<h2><a name="tracker-alert">tracker_alert</a></h2>
<p>This alert is generated on tracker time outs, premature disconnects, invalid response or
a HTTP response other than &quot;200 OK&quot;. From the alert you can get the handle to the torrent
the tracker belongs to. This alert is generated as severity level <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">warning</span></tt>.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct tracker_alert: alert
{
tracker_alert(const torrent_handle&amp; h, const std::string&amp; msg);
virtual std::auto_ptr&lt;alert&gt; clone() const;
torrent_handle handle;
};
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="hash-failed-alert">
<h2><a name="hash-failed-alert">hash_failed_alert</a></h2>
<p>This alert is generated when a finished piece fails its hash check. You can get the handle
to the torrent which got the failed piece and the index of the piece itself from the alert.
This alert is generated as severity level <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">info</span></tt>.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct hash_failed_alert: alert
{
hash_failed_alert(
const torrent_handle&amp; h
, int index
, const std::string&amp; msg);
virtual std::auto_ptr&lt;alert&gt; clone() const;
torrent_handle handle;
int piece_index;
};
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="peer-error-alert">
<h2><a name="peer-error-alert">peer_error_alert</a></h2>
<p>This alert is generated when a peer sends invalid data over the peer-peer protocol. The peer
will be disconnected, but you get its ip address from the alert, to identify it. This alert
is generated as severity level <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">debug</span></tt>.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct peer_error_alert: alert
{
peer_error_alert(const address&amp; pid, const std::string&amp; msg);
virtual std::auto_ptr&lt;alert&gt; clone() const;
address ip;
};
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="invalid-request-alert">
<h2><a name="invalid-request-alert">invalid_request_alert</a></h2>
<p>This is a debug alert that is generated by an incoming invalid piece request. The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">handle</span></tt>
is a handle to the torrent the peer is a member of. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">ìp</span></tt> is the address of the peer and the
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">request</span></tt> is the actual incoming request from the peer. The alert is generated as severity level
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">debug</span></tt>.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct invalid_request_alert: alert
{
invalid_request_alert(
const peer_request&amp; r
, const torrent_handle&amp; h
, const address&amp; send
, const std::string&amp; msg);
virtual std::auto_ptr&lt;alert&gt; clone() const;
torrent_handle handle;
address ip;
peer_request request;
};
struct peer_request
{
int piece;
int start;
int length;
bool operator==(const peer_request&amp; r);
};
</pre>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">peer_request</span></tt> contains the values the client sent in its <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">request</span></tt> message. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">piece</span></tt> is
the index of the piece it want data from, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">start</span></tt> is the offset within the piece where the data
should be read, and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">length</span></tt> is the amount of data it wants.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="torrent-finished-alert">
<h2><a name="torrent-finished-alert">torrent_finished_alert</a></h2>
<p>This alert is generated when a torrent switches from being a downloader to a seed.
It will only be generated once per torrent. It contains a torrent_handle to the
torrent in question. This alert is generated as severity level <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">info</span></tt>.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct torrent_finished_alert: alert
{
torrent_finished_alert(
const torrent_handle&amp; h
, const std::string&amp; msg);
virtual std::auto_ptr&lt;alert&gt; clone() const;
torrent_handle handle;
};
</pre>
<!-- chat_message_alert
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
This alert is generated when you receive a chat message from another peer. Chat messages
are supported as an extension ("chat"). It is generated as severity level ``critical``,
even though it doesn't necessarily require any user intervention, it's high priority
since you would almost never want to ignore such a message. The alert class contain
a torrent_handle_ to the torrent in which the sender-peer is a member and the ip
of the sending peer.
::
struct chat_message_alert: alert
{
chat_message_alert(const torrent_handle& h
, const address& sender
, const std::string& msg);
virtual std::auto_ptr<alert> clone() const;
torrent_handle handle;
address ip;
}; -->
</div>
<div class="section" id="dispatcher">
<h2><a name="dispatcher">dispatcher</a></h2>
<p>TODO: describe the dispatcher mechanism</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="exceptions">
<h1><a name="exceptions">exceptions</a></h1>
<p>There are a number of exceptions that can be thrown from different places in libtorrent,
here's a complete list with description.</p>
<div class="section" id="invalid-handle">
<h2><a name="invalid-handle">invalid_handle</a></h2>
<p>This exception is thrown when querying information from a <a class="reference" href="#torrent-handle">torrent_handle</a> that hasn't
been initialized or that has become invalid.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct invalid_handle: std::exception
{
const char* what() const throw();
};
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="duplicate-torrent">
<h2><a name="duplicate-torrent">duplicate_torrent</a></h2>
<p>This is thrown by <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">session::add_torrent()</span></tt> if the torrent already has been added to
the session.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct duplicate_torrent: std::exception
{
const char* what() const throw();
};
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="invalid-encoding">
<h2><a name="invalid-encoding">invalid_encoding</a></h2>
<p>This is thrown by <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">bdecode()</span></tt> if the input data is not a valid bencoding.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct invalid_encoding: std::exception
{
const char* what() const throw();
};
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="type-error">
<h2><a name="type-error">type_error</a></h2>
<p>This is thrown from the accessors of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">entry</span></tt> if the data type of the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">entry</span></tt> doesn't
match the type you want to extract from it.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct type_error: std::runtime_error
{
type_error(const char* error);
};
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="invalid-torrent-file">
<h2><a name="invalid-torrent-file">invalid_torrent_file</a></h2>
<p>This exception is thrown from the constructor of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">torrent_info</span></tt> if the given bencoded information
doesn't meet the requirements on what information has to be present in a torrent file.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct invalid_torrent_file: std::exception
{
const char* what() const throw();
};
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="examples">
<h1><a name="examples">examples</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="dump-torrent">
<h2><a name="dump-torrent">dump_torrent</a></h2>
<p>This is an example of a program that will take a torrent-file as a parameter and
print information about it to std out:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;fstream&gt;
#include &lt;iterator&gt;
#include &lt;exception&gt;
#include &lt;iomanip&gt;
#include &quot;libtorrent/entry.hpp&quot;
#include &quot;libtorrent/bencode.hpp&quot;
#include &quot;libtorrent/torrent_info.hpp&quot;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
using namespace libtorrent;
if (argc != 2)
{
std::cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;usage: dump_torrent torrent-file\n&quot;;
return 1;
}
try
{
std::ifstream in(argv[1], std::ios_base::binary);
in.unsetf(std::ios_base::skipws);
entry e = bdecode(std::istream_iterator&lt;char&gt;(in), std::istream_iterator&lt;char&gt;());
torrent_info t(e);
// print info about torrent
std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;\n\n----- torrent file info -----\n\n&quot;;
std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;trackers:\n&quot;;
for (std::vector&lt;announce_entry&gt;::const_iterator i = t.trackers().begin();
i != t.trackers().end();
++i)
{
std::cout &lt;&lt; i-&gt;tier &lt;&lt; &quot;: &quot; &lt;&lt; i-&gt;url &lt;&lt; &quot;\n&quot;;
}
std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;number of pieces: &quot; &lt;&lt; t.num_pieces() &lt;&lt; &quot;\n&quot;;
std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;piece length: &quot; &lt;&lt; t.piece_length() &lt;&lt; &quot;\n&quot;;
std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;files:\n&quot;;
for (torrent_info::file_iterator i = t.begin_files();
i != t.end_files();
++i)
{
std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot; &quot; &lt;&lt; std::setw(11) &lt;&lt; i-&gt;size
&lt;&lt; &quot; &quot; &lt;&lt; i-&gt;path &lt;&lt; &quot; &quot; &lt;&lt; i-&gt;filename &lt;&lt; &quot;\n&quot;;
}
}
catch (std::exception&amp; e)
{
std::cout &lt;&lt; e.what() &lt;&lt; &quot;\n&quot;;
}
return 0;
}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="simple-client">
<h2><a name="simple-client">simple client</a></h2>
<p>This is a simple client. It doesn't have much output to keep it simple:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;fstream&gt;
#include &lt;iterator&gt;
#include &lt;exception&gt;
#include &lt;boost/format.hpp&gt;
#include &lt;boost/date_time/posix_time/posix_time.hpp&gt;
#include &quot;libtorrent/entry.hpp&quot;
#include &quot;libtorrent/bencode.hpp&quot;
#include &quot;libtorrent/session.hpp&quot;
#include &quot;libtorrent/http_settings.hpp&quot;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
using namespace libtorrent;
if (argc != 2)
{
std::cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;usage: ./simple_cient torrent-file\n&quot;
&quot;to stop the client, press return.\n&quot;;
return 1;
}
try
{
session s(std::make_pair(6881, 6889));
std::ifstream in(argv[1], std::ios_base::binary);
in.unsetf(std::ios_base::skipws);
entry e = bdecode(std::istream_iterator&lt;char&gt;(in), std::istream_iterator&lt;char&gt;());
torrent_info t(e);
s.add_torrent(t, &quot;&quot;);
// wait for the user to end
char a;
std::cin.unsetf(std::ios_base::skipws);
std::cin &gt;&gt; a;
}
catch (std::exception&amp; e)
{
std::cout &lt;&lt; e.what() &lt;&lt; &quot;\n&quot;;
}
return 0;
}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="fast-resume">
<h1><a name="fast-resume">fast resume</a></h1>
<p>The fast resume mechanism is a way to remember which pieces are downloaded and where they
are put between sessions. You can generate fast resume data by calling
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">torrent_handle::write_resume_data()</span></tt> on <a class="reference" href="#torrent-handle">torrent_handle</a>. You can then save this data
to disk and use it when resuming the torrent. libtorrent will not check the piece hashes
then, and rely on the information given in the fast-resume data. The fast-resume data
also contains information about which blocks, in the unfinished pieces, were downloaded,
so it will not have to start from scratch on the partially downloaded pieces.</p>
<p>To use the fast-resume data you simply give it to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">session::add_torrent()</span></tt>, and it
will skip the time consuming checks. It may have to do the checking anyway, if the
fast-resume data is corrupt or doesn't fit the storage for that torrent, then it will
not trust the fast-resume data and just do the checking.</p>
<div class="section" id="file-format">
<h2><a name="file-format">file format</a></h2>
<p>The file format is a bencoded dictionary containing the following fields:</p>
<table border class="table">
<colgroup>
<col width="26%" />
<col width="74%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">file-format</span></tt></td>
<td>string: &quot;libtorrent resume file&quot;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">file-version</span></tt></td>
<td>integer: 1</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">info-hash</span></tt></td>
<td>string, the info hash of the torrent this data is saved for.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">blocks</span> <span class="pre">per</span> <span class="pre">piece</span></tt></td>
<td>integer, the number of blocks per piece. Must be: piece_size
/ (16 * 1024). Clamped to be within the range [1, 256]. It
is the number of blocks per (normal sized) piece. Usually
each block is 16 * 1024 bytes in size. But if piece size is
greater than 4 megabytes, the block size will increase.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">slots</span></tt></td>
<td><p class="first">list of integers. The list mappes slots ti piece indices. It
tells which piece is on which slot. If piece index is -2 it
means it is free, that there's no piece there. If it is -1,
means the slot isn't allocated on disk yet. The pieces have
to meet the following requirement:</p>
<p class="last">If there's a slot at the position of the piece index,
the piece must be located in that slot.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">peers</span></tt></td>
<td><p class="first">list of dictionaries. Each dictionary has the following
layout:</p>
<table border class="table">
<colgroup>
<col width="18%" />
<col width="82%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">ip</span></tt></td>
<td>string, the ip address of the peer.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">port</span></tt></td>
<td>integer, the listen port of the peer</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="last">These are the local peers we were connected to when this
fast-resume data was saved.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">unfinished</span></tt></td>
<td><p class="first">list of dictionaries. Each dictionary represents an
piece, and has the following layout:</p>
<table border class="last table">
<colgroup>
<col width="23%" />
<col width="77%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">piece</span></tt></td>
<td>integer, the index of the piece this entry
refers to.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">bitmask</span></tt></td>
<td>string, a binary bitmask representing the
blocks that have been downloaded in this
piece.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="extensions">
<h1><a name="extensions">extensions</a></h1>
<p>These extensions all operates within the <a class="reference" href="http://nolar.com/azureus/extended.html">extension protocol</a>. The
name of the extension is the name used in the extension-list packets,
and the payload is the data in the extended message (not counting the
length-prefix, message-id nor extension-id).</p>
<p>The extension protocol is currently disabled, since it may not be compatible
with future versions of bittorrent.</p>
<!-- These are the extensions that are currently implemented. -->
<!-- chat messages -->
<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
<!-- Extension name: "chat" -->
<!-- The payload in the packet is a bencoded dictionary with any -->
<!-- combination of the following entries: -->
<!-- +- - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
| "msg" | This is a string that contains a message that |
| | should be displayed to the user. |
+- - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
| "ctrl" | This is a control string that can tell a client that |
| | it is ignored (to make the user aware of that) and |
| | it can also tell a client that it is no longer ignored.|
| | These notifications are encoded as the strings: |
| | "ignored" and "not ignored". |
| | Any unrecognized strings should be ignored. |
+- - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+ -->
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<div class="section" id="aknowledgements">
<h1><a name="aknowledgements">aknowledgements</a></h1>
<p>Written by Arvid Norberg. Copyright (c) 2003</p>
<p>Contributions by Magnus Jonsson and Daniel Wallin</p>
<p>Thanks to Reimond Retz for bugfixes, suggestions and testing</p>
<p>Project is hosted by sourceforge.</p>
<p><a class="reference" href="http://sourceforge.net"><img alt="sf_logo" src="http://sourceforge.net/sflogo.php?group_id=7994" /></a></p>
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