============================ libtorrent API Documentation ============================ :Author: Arvid Norberg, arvid@rasterbar.com :Version: 0.15.0 .. contents:: Table of contents :depth: 2 :backlinks: none overview ======== The interface of libtorrent consists of a few classes. The main class is the ``session``, it contains the main loop that serves all torrents. The basic usage is as follows: * construct a session * start extensions (see `add_extension()`_). * start DHT, LSD, UPnP, NAT-PMP etc (see `start_dht() stop_dht() set_dht_settings() dht_state()`_ `start_lsd() stop_lsd()`_, `start_upnp() stop_upnp()`_ and `start_natpmp() stop_natpmp()`_) * parse .torrent-files and add them to the session (see `bdecode() bencode()`_ and `add_torrent()`_) * main loop (see session_) * query the torrent_handles for progress (see torrent_handle_) * query the session for information * add and remove torrents from the session at run-time * save resume data for all torrent_handles (optional, see `save_resume_data()`_) * destruct session object Each class and function is described in this manual. For a description on how to create torrent files, see make_torrent_. .. _make_torrent: make_torrent.html things to keep in mind ====================== A common problem developers are facing is torrents stopping without explanation. Here is a description on which conditions libtorrent will stop your torrents, how to find out about it and what to do about it. Make sure to keep track of the paused state, the error state and the upload mode of your torrents. By default, torrents are auto-managed, which means libtorrent will pause them, unpause them, scrape them and take them out of upload-mode automatically. Whenever a torrent encounters a fatal error, it will be stopped, and the ``session_status::error`` will describe the error that caused it. If a torrent is auto managed, it is scraped periodically and paused or resumed based on the number of downloaders per seed. This will effectively seed torrents that are in the greatest need of seeds. If a torrent hits a disk write error, it will be put into upload mode. This means it will not download anything, but only upload. The assumption is that the write error is caused by a full disk or write permission errors. If the torrent is auto-managed, it will periodically be taken out of the upload mode, trying to write things to the disk again. This means torrent will recover from certain disk errors if the problem is resolved. If the torrent is not auto managed, you have to call `set_upload_mode()`_ to turn downloading back on again. network primitives ================== There are a few typedefs in the ``libtorrent`` namespace which pulls in network types from the ``asio`` namespace. These are:: typedef asio::ip::address address; typedef asio::ip::address_v4 address_v4; typedef asio::ip::address_v6 address_v6; using asio::ip::tcp; using asio::ip::udp; These are declared in the ```` header. The ``using`` statements will give easy access to:: tcp::endpoint udp::endpoint Which are the endpoint types used in libtorrent. An endpoint is an address with an associated port. For documentation on these types, please refer to the `asio documentation`_. .. _`asio documentation`: http://asio.sourceforge.net/asio-0.3.8/doc/asio/reference.html session ======= The ``session`` class has the following synopsis:: class session: public boost::noncopyable { session(fingerprint const& print = libtorrent::fingerprint( "LT", 0, 1, 0, 0) , int flags = start_default_features | add_default_plugins , int alert_mask = alert::error_notification); session( fingerprint const& print , std::pair listen_port_range , char const* listen_interface = 0 , int flags = start_default_features | add_default_plugins , int alert_mask = alert::error_notification); torrent_handle add_torrent( add_torrent_params const& params); torrent_handle add_torrent( add_torrent_params const& params , error_code& ec); void pause(); void resume(); bool is_paused() const; session_proxy abort(); enum options_t { none = 0, delete_files = 1 }; enum session_flags_t { add_default_plugins = 1, start_default_features = 2 }; void remove_torrent(torrent_handle const& h , int options = none); torrent_handle find_torrent(sha_hash const& ih); std::vector get_torrents() const; void set_settings(session_settings const& settings); void set_pe_settings(pe_settings const& settings); void set_upload_rate_limit(int bytes_per_second); int upload_rate_limit() const; void set_download_rate_limit(int bytes_per_second); int download_rate_limit() const; void set_local_upload_rate_limit(int bytes_per_second); int local_upload_rate_limit() const; void set_local_download_rate_limit(int bytes_per_second); int local_download_rate_limit() const; void set_max_uploads(int limit); void set_max_connections(int limit); int max_connections() const; void set_max_half_open_connections(int limit); int max_half_open_connections() const; void set_peer_proxy(proxy_settings const& s); void set_web_seed_proxy(proxy_settings const& s); void set_tracker_proxy(proxy_settings const& s); proxy_settings const& peer_proxy() const; proxy_settings const& web_seed_proxy() const; proxy_settings const& tracker_proxy() const; int num_uploads() const; int num_connections() const; bool load_asnum_db(char const* file); bool load_asnum_db(wchar_t const* file); bool load_country_db(char const* file); bool load_country_db(wchar_t const* file); int as_for_ip(address const& adr); void load_state(entry const& ses_state); entry state() const; void set_ip_filter(ip_filter const& f); ip_filter const& get_ip_filter() const; session_status status() const; cache_status get_cache_status() const; bool is_listening() const; unsigned short listen_port() const; bool listen_on( std::pair const& port_range , char const* interface = 0); std::auto_ptr pop_alert(); alert const* wait_for_alert(time_duration max_wait); void set_alert_mask(int m); size_t set_alert_queue_size_limit( size_t queue_size_limit_); void add_extension(boost::function< boost::shared_ptr(torrent*)> ext); void start_dht(); void stop_dht(); void set_dht_settings( dht_settings const& settings); entry dht_state() const; void add_dht_node(std::pair const& node); void add_dht_router(std::pair const& node); void start_lsd(); void stop_lsd(); upnp* start_upnp(); void stop_upnp(); natpmp* start_natpmp(); void stop_natpmp(); }; Once it's created, the session object will spawn the main thread that will do all the work. The main thread will be idle as long it doesn't have any torrents to participate in. session() --------- :: session(fingerprint const& print = libtorrent::fingerprint("LT", 0, 1, 0, 0) , int flags = start_default_features | add_default_plugins , int alert_mask = alert::error_notification); session(fingerprint const& print , std::pair listen_port_range , char const* listen_interface = 0 , int flags = start_default_features | add_default_plugins , int alert_mask = alert::error_notification); If the fingerprint in the first overload is omited, the client will get a default fingerprint stating the version of libtorrent. The fingerprint is a short string that will be used in the peer-id to identify the client and the client's version. For more details see the fingerprint_ class. The constructor that only takes a fingerprint will not open a listen port for the session, to get it running you'll have to call ``session::listen_on()``. The other constructor, that takes a port range and an interface as well as the fingerprint will automatically try to listen on a port on the given interface. For more information about the parameters, see ``listen_on()`` function. The flags paramater can be used to start default features (upnp & nat-pmp) and default plugins (ut_metadata, ut_pex and smart_ban). The default is to start those things. If you do not want them to start, pass 0 as the flags parameter. The ``alert_mask`` is the same mask that you would send to `set_alert_mask()`_. ~session() ---------- The destructor of session will notify all trackers that our torrents have been shut down. If some trackers are down, they will time out. All this before the destructor of session returns. So, it's advised that any kind of interface (such as windows) are closed before destructing the session object. Because it can take a few second for it to finish. The timeout can be set with ``set_settings()``. pause() resume() is_paused() ---------------------------- :: void pause(); void resume(); bool is_paused() const; Pausing the session has the same effect as pausing every torrent in it, except that torrents will not be resumed by the auto-manage mechanism. Resuming will restore the torrents to their previous paused state. i.e. the session pause state is separate from the torrent pause state. A torrent is inactive if it is paused or if the session is paused. abort() ------- :: session_proxy abort(); In case you want to destruct the session asynchrounously, you can request a session destruction proxy. If you don't do this, the destructor of the session object will block while the trackers are contacted. If you keep one ``session_proxy`` to the session when destructing it, the destructor will not block, but start to close down the session, the destructor of the proxy will then synchronize the threads. So, the destruction of the session is performed from the ``session`` destructor call until the ``session_proxy`` destructor call. The ``session_proxy`` does not have any operations on it (since the session is being closed down, no operations are allowed on it). The only valid operation is calling the destructor:: class session_proxy { public: session_proxy(); ~session_proxy() }; add_torrent() ------------- :: typedef storage_interface* (&storage_constructor_type)( file_storage const&, file_storage const*, fs::path const&, file_pool&); struct add_torrent_params { add_torrent_params(storage_constructor_type s); boost::intrusive_ptr ti; char const* tracker_url; sha1_hash info_hash; char const* name; fs::path save_path; std::vector* resume_data; storage_mode_t storage_mode; bool paused; bool auto_managed; bool duplicate_is_error; storage_constructor_type storage; void* userdata; bool seed_mode; bool override_resume_data; bool upload_mode; }; torrent_handle add_torrent(add_torrent_params const& params); torrent_handle add_torrent(add_torrent_params const& params , error_code& ec); You add torrents through the ``add_torrent()`` function where you give an object with all the parameters. The overload that does not take an ``error_code`` throws an exception on error and is not available when building without exception support. The only mandatory parameter is ``save_path`` which is the directory where you want the files to be saved. You also need to specify either the ``ti`` (the torrent file) or ``info_hash`` (the info hash of the torrent). If you specify the info-hash, the torrent file will be downloaded from peers, which requires them to support the metadata extension. For the metadata extension to work, libtorrent must be built with extensions enabled (``TORRENT_DISABLE_EXTENSIONS`` must not be defined). It also takes an optional ``name`` argument. This may be 0 in case no name should be assigned to the torrent. In case it's not 0, the name is used for the torrent as long as it doesn't have metadata. See ``torrent_handle::name``. If the torrent doesn't have a tracker, but relies on the DHT to find peers, the ``tracker_url`` can be 0, otherwise you might specify a tracker url that tracks this torrent. If the torrent you are trying to add already exists in the session (is either queued for checking, being checked or downloading) ``add_torrent()`` will throw libtorrent_exception_ which derives from ``std::exception`` unless ``duplicate_is_error`` is set to false. In that case, ``add_torrent`` will return the handle to the existing torrent. The optional parameter, ``resume_data`` can be given if up to date fast-resume data is available. The fast-resume data can be acquired from a running torrent by calling `save_resume_data()`_ on `torrent_handle`_. See `fast resume`_. The ``vector`` that is passed in will be swapped into the running torrent instance with ``std::vector::swap()``. The ``storage_mode`` parameter refers to the layout of the storage for this torrent. There are 3 different modes: storage_mode_sparse All pieces will be written to the place where they belong and sparse files will be used. This is the recommended, and default mode. storage_mode_allocate Same as ``storage_mode_sparse`` except that files will be ftruncated on startup (SetEndOfFile() on windows). For filesystem that supports sparse files, this is in all practical aspects identical to sparse mode. For filesystems that don't, it will allocate the data for the files. The mac filesystem HFS+ doesn't support sparse files, it will allocate the files with zeroes. storage_mode_compact The storage will grow as more pieces are downloaded, and pieces are rearranged to finally be in their correct places once the entire torrent has been downloaded. For more information, see `storage allocation`_. ``paused`` is a boolean that specifies whether or not the torrent is to be started in a paused state. I.e. it won't connect to the tracker or any of the peers until it's resumed. This is typically a good way of avoiding race conditions when setting configuration options on torrents before starting them. If you pass in resume data, the paused state of the torrent when the resume data was saved will override the paused state you pass in here. You can override this by setting ``override_resume_data``. If ``auto_managed`` is true, this torrent will be queued, started and seeded automatically by libtorrent. When this is set, the torrent should also be started as paused. The default queue order is the order the torrents were added. They are all downloaded in that order. For more details, see queuing_. If you pass in resume data, the auto_managed state of the torrent when the resume data was saved will override the auto_managed state you pass in here. You can override this by setting ``override_resume_data``. ``storage`` can be used to customize how the data is stored. The default storage will simply write the data to the files it belongs to, but it could be overridden to save everything to a single file at a specific location or encrypt the content on disk for instance. For more information about the ``storage_interface`` that needs to be implemented for a custom storage, see `storage_interface`_. The ``userdata`` parameter is optional and will be passed on to the extension constructor functions, if any (see `add_extension()`_). If ``seed_mode`` is set to true, libtorrent will assume that all files are present for this torrent and that they all match the hashes in the torrent file. Each time a peer requests to download a block, the piece is verified against the hash, unless it has been verified already. If a hash fails, the torrent will automatically leave the seed mode and recheck all the files. The use case for this mode is if a torrent is created and seeded, or if the user already know that the files are complete, this is a way to avoid the initial file checks, and significantly reduce the startup time. Setting ``seed_mode`` on a torrent without metadata (a .torrent file) is a no-op and will be ignored. If resume data is passed in with this torrent, the seed mode saved in there will override the seed mode you set here. The torrent_handle_ returned by ``add_torrent()`` can be used to retrieve information about the torrent's progress, its peers etc. It is also used to abort a torrent. If ``override_resume_data`` is set to true, the ``paused`` and ``auto_managed`` state of the torrent are not loaded from the resume data, but the states requested by this ``add_torrent_params`` will override it. If ``upload_mode`` is set to true, the torrent will be initialized in upload-mode, which means it will not make any piece requests. This state is typically entered on disk I/O errors, and if the torrent is also auto managed, it will be taken out of this state periodically. This mode can be used to avoid race conditions when adjusting priorities of pieces before allowing the torrent to start downloading. remove_torrent() ---------------- :: void remove_torrent(torrent_handle const& h, int options = none); ``remove_torrent()`` will close all peer connections associated with the torrent and tell the tracker that we've stopped participating in the swarm. The optional second argument ``options`` can be used to delete all the files downloaded by this torrent. To do this, pass in the value ``session::delete_files``. The removal of the torrent is asyncronous, there is no guarantee that adding the same torrent immediately after it was removed will not throw a libtorrent_exception_ exception. find_torrent() get_torrents() ----------------------------- :: torrent_handle find_torrent(sha_hash const& ih); std::vector get_torrents() const; ``find_torrent()`` looks for a torrent with the given info-hash. In case there is such a torrent in the session, a torrent_handle to that torrent is returned. In case the torrent cannot be found, an invalid torrent_handle is returned. See ``torrent_handle::is_valid()`` to know if the torrent was found or not. ``get_torrents()`` returns a vector of torrent_handles to all the torrents currently in the session. set_upload_rate_limit() set_download_rate_limit() upload_rate_limit() download_rate_limit() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :: void set_upload_rate_limit(int bytes_per_second); void set_download_rate_limit(int bytes_per_second); int upload_rate_limit() const; int download_rate_limit() const; ``set_upload_rate_limit()`` set the maximum number of bytes allowed to be sent to peers per second. This bandwidth is distributed among all the peers. If you don't want to limit upload rate, you can set this to 0 (the default). ``set_download_rate_limit()`` works the same way but for download rate instead of upload rate. ``download_rate_limit()`` and ``upload_rate_limit()`` returns the previously set limits. A rate limit of 0 means infinite. Upload and download rate limits are not applied to peers on the local network by default. To change that, see ``session_settings::ignore_limits_on_local_network``. set_local_upload_rate_limit() set_local_download_rate_limit() local_upload_rate_limit() local_download_rate_limit() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :: void set_local_upload_rate_limit(int bytes_per_second); void set_local_download_rate_limit(int bytes_per_second); int local_upload_rate_limit() const; int local_download_rate_limit() const; These rate limits are only used for local peers (peers within the same subnet as the client itself) and it is only used when ``session_settings::ignore_limits_on_local_network`` is set to true (which it is by default). These rate limits default to unthrottled, but can be useful in case you want to treat local peers preferentially, but not quite unthrottled. A rate limit of 0 means infinite. set_max_uploads() set_max_connections() max_uploads() max_connections() ----------------------------------------------------------------------- :: void set_max_uploads(int limit); void set_max_connections(int limit); int max_uploads() const; int max_connections() const; These functions will set a global limit on the number of unchoked peers (uploads) and the number of connections opened. The number of connections is set to a hard minimum of at least two connections per torrent, so if you set a too low connections limit, and open too many torrents, the limit will not be met. The number of uploads is at least one per torrent. ``max_uploads()`` and ``max_connections()`` returns the current settings. The number of unchoke slots may be ignored. In order to make this setting take effect, disable ``session_settings::auto_upload_slots_rate_based``. num_uploads() num_connections() ------------------------------- :: int num_uploads() const; int num_connections() const; Returns the number of currently unchoked peers and the number of connections (including half-open ones) respectively. set_max_half_open_connections() max_half_open_connections() ----------------------------------------------------------- :: void set_max_half_open_connections(int limit); int max_half_open_connections() const; Sets the maximum number of half-open connections libtorrent will have when connecting to peers. A half-open connection is one where connect() has been called, but the connection still hasn't been established (nor failed). Windows XP Service Pack 2 sets a default, system wide, limit of the number of half-open connections to 10. So, this limit can be used to work nicer together with other network applications on that system. The default is to have no limit, and passing -1 as the limit, means to have no limit. When limiting the number of simultaneous connection attempts, peers will be put in a queue waiting for their turn to get connected. ``max_half_open_connections()`` returns the set limit. This limit defaults to 8 on windows. load_asnum_db() load_country_db() int as_for_ip() ------------------------------------------------- :: bool load_asnum_db(char const* file); bool load_asnum_db(wchar_t const* file); bool load_country_db(char const* file); bool load_country_db(wchar_t const* file); int as_for_ip(address const& adr); These functions are not available if ``TORRENT_DISABLE_GEO_IP`` is defined. They expects a path to the `MaxMind ASN database`_ and `MaxMind GeoIP database`_ respectively. This will be used to look up which AS and country peers belong to. ``as_for_ip`` returns the AS number for the IP address specified. If the IP is not in the database or the ASN database is not loaded, 0 is returned. The ``wchar_t`` overloads are for wide character paths. .. _`MaxMind ASN database`: http://www.maxmind.com/app/asnum .. _`MaxMind GeoIP database`: http://www.maxmind.com/app/geolitecountry load_state() state() -------------------- :: void load_state(entry const& ses_state); entry state() const; These functions loads and save session state. Currently, the only state that's stored is peak download rates for ASes. This map is used to determine which order to connect to peers. set_ip_filter() --------------- :: void set_ip_filter(ip_filter const& filter); Sets a filter that will be used to reject and accept incoming as well as outgoing connections based on their originating ip address. The default filter will allow connections to any ip address. To build a set of rules for which addresses are accepted and not, see ip_filter_. Each time a peer is blocked because of the IP filter, a peer_blocked_alert_ is generated. get_ip_filter() --------------- :: ip_filter const& get_ip_filter() const; Returns the ip_filter currently in the session. See ip_filter_. status() -------- :: session_status status() const; ``status()`` returns session wide-statistics and status. The ``session_status`` struct has the following members:: struct dht_lookup { char const* type; int outstanding_requests; int timeouts; int responses; int branch_factor; }; struct session_status { bool has_incoming_connections; int upload_rate; int download_rate; size_type total_download; size_type total_upload; int payload_upload_rate; int payload_download_rate; size_type total_payload_download; size_type total_payload_upload; int ip_overhead_upload_rate; int ip_overhead_download_rate; size_type total_ip_overhead_download; size_type total_ip_overhead_upload; int dht_upload_rate; int dht_download_rate; size_type total_dht_download; size_type total_dht_upload; int tracker_upload_rate; int tracker_download_rate; size_type total_tracker_download; size_type total_tracker_upload; size_type total_redundant_bytes; size_type total_failed_bytes; int num_peers; int num_unchoked; int allowed_upload_slots; int optimistic_unchoke_counter; int unchoke_counter; int dht_nodes; int dht_cache_nodes; int dht_torrents; int dht_global_nodes; std::vector active_requests; }; ``has_incoming_connections`` is false as long as no incoming connections have been established on the listening socket. Every time you change the listen port, this will be reset to false. ``upload_rate``, ``download_rate`` are the total download and upload rates accumulated from all torrents. This includes bittorrent protocol, DHT and an estimated TCP/IP protocol overhead. ``total_download`` and ``total_upload`` are the total number of bytes downloaded and uploaded to and from all torrents. This also includes all the protocol overhead. ``payload_download_rate`` and ``payload_upload_rate`` is the rate of the payload down- and upload only. ``total_payload_download`` and ``total_payload_upload`` is the total transfers of payload only. The payload does not include the bittorrent protocol overhead, but only parts of the actual files to be downloaded. ``ip_overhead_upload_rate``, ``ip_overhead_download_rate``, ``total_ip_overhead_download`` and ``total_ip_overhead_upload`` is the estimated TCP/IP overhead in each direction. ``dht_upload_rate``, ``dht_download_rate``, ``total_dht_download`` and ``total_dht_upload`` is the DHT bandwidth usage. ``total_redundant_bytes`` is the number of bytes that has been received more than once. This can happen if a request from a peer times out and is requested from a different peer, and then received again from the first one. To make this lower, increase the ``request_timeout`` and the ``piece_timeout`` in the session settings. ``total_failed_bytes`` is the number of bytes that was downloaded which later failed the hash-check. ``num_peers`` is the total number of peer connections this session has. This includes incoming connections that still hasn't sent their handshake or outgoing connections that still hasn't completed the TCP connection. This number may be slightly higher than the sum of all peers of all torrents because the incoming connections may not be assigned a torrent yet. ``num_unchoked`` is the current number of unchoked peers. ``allowed_upload_slots`` is the current allowed number of unchoked peers. ``optimistic_unchoke_counter`` and ``unchoke_counter`` tells the number of seconds until the next optimistic unchoke change and the start of the next unchoke interval. These numbers may be reset prematurely if a peer that is unchoked disconnects or becomes notinterested. ``dht_nodes``, ``dht_cache_nodes`` and ``dht_torrents`` are only available when built with DHT support. They are all set to 0 if the DHT isn't running. When the DHT is running, ``dht_nodes`` is set to the number of nodes in the routing table. This number only includes *active* nodes, not cache nodes. The ``dht_cache_nodes`` is set to the number of nodes in the node cache. These nodes are used to replace the regular nodes in the routing table in case any of them becomes unresponsive. ``dht_torrents`` are the number of torrents tracked by the DHT at the moment. ``dht_global_nodes`` is an estimation of the total number of nodes in the DHT network. ``active_requests`` is a vector of the currently running DHT lookups. get_cache_status() ------------------ :: cache_status get_cache_status() const; Returns status of the disk cache for this session. :: struct cache_status { size_type blocks_written; size_type writes; size_type blocks_read; size_type blocks_read_hit; size_type reads; int cache_size; int read_cache_size; int total_used_buffers; }; ``blocks_written`` is the total number of 16 KiB blocks written to disk since this session was started. ``writes`` is the total number of write operations performed since this session was started. The ratio (``blocks_written`` - ``writes``) / ``blocks_written`` represents the number of saved write operations per total write operations. i.e. a kind of cache hit ratio for the write cahe. ``blocks_read`` is the number of blocks that were requested from the bittorrent engine (from peers), that were served from disk or cache. ``blocks_read_hit`` is the number of blocks that were served from cache. The ratio ``blocks_read_hit`` / ``blocks_read`` is the cache hit ratio for the read cache. ``cache_size`` is the number of 16 KiB blocks currently in the disk cache. This includes both read and write cache. ``read_cache_size`` is the number of 16KiB blocks in the read cache. ``total_used_buffers`` is the total number of buffers currently in use. This includes the read/write disk cache as well as send and receive buffers used in peer connections. get_cache_info() ---------------- :: void get_cache_info(sha1_hash const& ih , std::vector& ret) const; ``get_cache_info()`` fills out the supplied vector with information for each piece that is currently in the disk cache for the torrent with the specified info-hash (``ih``). :: struct cached_piece_info { int piece; std::vector blocks; ptime last_use; enum kind_t { read_cache = 0, write_cache = 1 }; kind_t kind; }; ``piece`` is the piece index for this cache entry. ``blocks`` has one entry for each block in this piece. ``true`` represents the data for that block being in the disk cache and ``false`` means it's not. ``last_use`` is the time when a block was last written to this piece. The older a piece is, the more likely it is to be flushed to disk. ``kind`` specifies if this piece is part of the read cache or the write cache. is_listening() listen_port() listen_on() ---------------------------------------- :: bool is_listening() const; unsigned short listen_port() const; bool listen_on( std::pair const& port_range , char const* interface = 0); ``is_listening()`` will tell you whether or not the session has successfully opened a listening port. If it hasn't, this function will return false, and then you can use ``listen_on()`` to make another try. ``listen_port()`` returns the port we ended up listening on. Since you just pass a port-range to the constructor and to ``listen_on()``, to know which port it ended up using, you have to ask the session using this function. ``listen_on()`` will change the listen port and/or the listen interface. If the session is already listening on a port, this socket will be closed and a new socket will be opened with these new settings. The port range is the ports it will try to listen on, if the first port fails, it will continue trying the next port within the range and so on. The interface parameter can be left as 0, in that case the os will decide which interface to listen on, otherwise it should be the ip-address of the interface you want the listener socket bound to. ``listen_on()`` returns true if it managed to open the socket, and false if it failed. If it fails, it will also generate an appropriate alert (listen_failed_alert_). The interface parameter can also be a hostname that will resolve to the device you want to listen on. If you're also starting the DHT, it is a good idea to do that after you've called ``listen_on()``, since the default listen port for the DHT is the same as the tcp listen socket. If you start the DHT first, it will assume the tcp port is free and open the udp socket on that port, then later, when ``listen_on()`` is called, it may turn out that the tcp port is in use. That results in the DHT and the bittorrent socket listening on different ports. If the DHT is active when ``listen_on`` is called, the udp port will be rebound to the new port, if it was configured to use the same port as the tcp socket, and if the listen_on call failed to bind to the same port that the udp uses. The reason why it's a good idea to run the DHT and the bittorrent socket on the same port is because that is an assumption that may be used to increase performance. One way to accelerate the connecting of peers on windows may be to first ping all peers with a DHT ping packet, and connect to those that responds first. On windows one can only connect to a few peers at a time because of a built in limitation (in XP Service pack 2). set_alert_mask() ---------------- :: void set_alert_mask(int m); Changes the mask of which alerts to receive. By default only errors are reported. ``m`` is a bitmask where each bit represents a category of alerts. See alerts_ for mor information on the alert categories. pop_alert() wait_for_alert() set_alert_queue_size_limit() --------------------------------------------------------- :: std::auto_ptr pop_alert(); alert const* wait_for_alert(time_duration max_wait); size_t set_alert_queue_size_limit(size_t queue_size_limit_); ``pop_alert()`` is used to ask the session if any errors or events has occurred. With `set_alert_mask()`_ you can filter which alerts to receive through ``pop_alert()``. For information about the alert categories, see alerts_. ``wait_for_alert`` blocks until an alert is available, or for no more than ``max_wait`` time. If ``wait_for_alert`` returns because of the time-out, and no alerts are available, it returns 0. If at least one alert was generated, a pointer to that alert is returned. The alert is not popped, any subsequent calls to ``wait_for_alert`` will return the same pointer until the alert is popped by calling ``pop_alert``. This is useful for leaving any alert dispatching mechanism independent of this blocking call, the dispatcher can be called and it can pop the alert independently. ``set_alert_queue_size_limit()`` you can specify how many alerts can be awaiting for dispatching. If this limit is reached, new incoming alerts can not be received until alerts are popped by calling ``pop_alert``. Default value is 1000. add_extension() --------------- :: void add_extension(boost::function< boost::shared_ptr(torrent*, void*)> ext); This function adds an extension to this session. The argument is a function object that is called with a ``torrent*`` and which should return a ``boost::shared_ptr``. To write custom plugins, see `libtorrent plugins`_. For the typical bittorrent client all of these extensions should be added. The main plugins implemented in libtorrent are: metadata extension Allows peers to download the metadata (.torren files) from the swarm directly. Makes it possible to join a swarm with just a tracker and info-hash. :: #include ses.add_extension(&libtorrent::create_metadata_plugin); uTorrent metadata Same as ``metadata extension`` but compatible with uTorrent. :: #include ses.add_extension(&libtorrent::create_ut_metadata_plugin); uTorrent peer exchange Exchanges peers between clients. :: #include ses.add_extension(&libtorrent::create_ut_pex_plugin); smart ban plugin A plugin that, with a small overhead, can ban peers that sends bad data with very high accuracy. Should eliminate most problems on poisoned torrents. :: #include ses.add_extension(&libtorrent::create_smart_ban_plugin); .. _`libtorrent plugins`: libtorrent_plugins.html set_settings() set_pe_settings() -------------------------------- :: void set_settings(session_settings const& settings); void set_pe_settings(pe_settings const& settings); Sets the session settings and the packet encryption settings respectively. See session_settings_ and pe_settings_ for more information on available options. set_peer_proxy() set_web_seed_proxy() set_tracker_proxy() set_dht_proxy() ------------------------------------------------------------------------- :: void set_peer_proxy(proxy_settings const& s); void set_web_seed_proxy(proxy_settings const& s); void set_tracker_proxy(proxy_settings const& s); void set_dht_proxy(proxy_settings const& s); The ``set_dht_proxy`` is not available when DHT is disabled. These functions sets the proxy settings for different kinds of connections, bittorrent peers, web seeds, trackers and the DHT traffic. ``set_peer_proxy`` affects regular bittorrent peers. ``set_web_seed_proxy`` affects only web seeds. see `HTTP seeding`_. ``set_tracker_proxy`` only affects HTTP tracker connections (UDP tracker connections are affected if the given proxy supports UDP, e.g. SOCKS5). ``set_dht_proxy`` affects the DHT messages. Since they are sent over UDP, it only has any effect if the proxy supports UDP. For more information on what settings are available for proxies, see `proxy_settings`_. peer_proxy() web_seed_proxy() tracker_proxy() dht_proxy() --------------------------------------------------------- :: proxy_settings const& peer_proxy() const; proxy_settings const& web_seed_proxy() const; proxy_settings const& tracker_proxy() const; proxy_settings const& dht_proxy() const; These functions returns references to their respective current settings. The ``dht_proxy`` is not available when DHT is disabled. set_i2p_proxy() i2p_proxy() --------------------------- :: void set_i2p_proxy(proxy_settings const&); proxy_settings const& i2p_proxy(); ``set_i2p_proxy`` sets the i2p_ proxy, and tries to open a persistant connection to it. The only used fields in the proxy settings structs are ``hostname`` and ``port``. ``i2p_proxy`` returns the current i2p proxy in use. .. _i2p: http://www.i2p2.de start_dht() stop_dht() set_dht_settings() dht_state() ----------------------------------------------------- :: void start_dht(entry const& startup_state); void stop_dht(); void set_dht_settings(dht_settings const& settings); entry dht_state() const; These functions are not available in case ``TORRENT_DISABLE_DHT`` is defined. ``start_dht`` starts the dht node and makes the trackerless service available to torrents. The startup state is optional and can contain nodes and the node id from the previous session. The dht node state is a bencoded dictionary with the following entries: ``nodes`` A list of strings, where each string is a node endpoint encoded in binary. If the string is 6 bytes long, it is an IPv4 address of 4 bytes, encoded in network byte order (big endian), followed by a 2 byte port number (also network byte order). If the string is 18 bytes long, it is 16 bytes of IPv6 address followed by a 2 bytes port number (also network byte order). ``node-id`` The node id written as a readable string as a hexadecimal number. ``dht_state`` will return the current state of the dht node, this can be used to start up the node again, passing this entry to ``start_dht``. It is a good idea to save this to disk when the session is closed, and read it up again when starting. If the port the DHT is supposed to listen on is already in use, and exception is thrown, ``asio::error``. ``stop_dht`` stops the dht node. ``add_dht_node`` adds a node to the routing table. This can be used if your client has its own source of bootstrapping nodes. ``set_dht_settings`` sets some parameters availavle to the dht node. The struct has the following members:: struct dht_settings { int max_peers_reply; int search_branching; int service_port; int max_fail_count; }; ``max_peers_reply`` is the maximum number of peers the node will send in response to a ``get_peers`` message from another node. ``search_branching`` is the number of concurrent search request the node will send when announcing and refreshing the routing table. This parameter is called alpha in the kademlia paper. ``service_port`` is the udp port the node will listen to. This will default to 0, which means the udp listen port will be the same as the tcp listen port. This is in general a good idea, since some NAT implementations reserves the udp port for any mapped tcp port, and vice versa. NAT-PMP guarantees this for example. ``max_fail_count`` is the maximum number of failed tries to contact a node before it is removed from the routing table. If there are known working nodes that are ready to replace a failing node, it will be replaced immediately, this limit is only used to clear out nodes that don't have any node that can replace them. add_dht_node() add_dht_router() ------------------------------- :: void add_dht_node(std::pair const& node); void add_dht_router(std::pair const& node); ``add_dht_node`` takes a host name and port pair. That endpoint will be pinged, and if a valid DHT reply is received, the node will be added to the routing table. ``add_dht_router`` adds the given endpoint to a list of DHT router nodes. If a search is ever made while the routing table is empty, those nodes will be used as backups. Nodes in the router node list will also never be added to the regular routing table, which effectively means they are only used for bootstrapping, to keep the load off them. An example routing node that you could typically add is ``router.bittorrent.com``. start_lsd() stop_lsd() ---------------------- :: void start_lsd(); void stop_lsd(); Starts and stops Local Service Discovery. This service will broadcast the infohashes of all the non-private torrents on the local network to look for peers on the same swarm within multicast reach. It is turned off by default. start_upnp() stop_upnp() ------------------------ :: upnp* start_upnp(); void stop_upnp(); Starts and stops the UPnP service. When started, the listen port and the DHT port are attempted to be forwarded on local UPnP router devices. The upnp object returned by ``start_upnp()`` can be used to add and remove arbitrary port mappings. Mapping status is returned through the portmap_alert_ and the portmap_error_alert_. The object will be valid until ``stop_upnp()`` is called. See `UPnP and NAT-PMP`_. It is off by default. start_natpmp() stop_natpmp() ---------------------------- :: natpmp* start_natpmp(); void stop_natpmp(); Starts and stops the NAT-PMP service. When started, the listen port and the DHT port are attempted to be forwarded on the router through NAT-PMP. The natpmp object returned by ``start_natpmp()`` can be used to add and remove arbitrary port mappings. Mapping status is returned through the portmap_alert_ and the portmap_error_alert_. The object will be valid until ``stop_natpmp()`` is called. See `UPnP and NAT-PMP`_. It is off by default. entry ===== The ``entry`` class represents one node in a bencoded hierarchy. It works as a variant type, it can be either a list, a dictionary (``std::map``), an integer or a string. This is its synopsis:: class entry { public: typedef std::map dictionary_type; typedef std::string string_type; typedef std::list list_type; typedef size_type integer_type; enum data_type { int_t, string_t, list_t, dictionary_t, undefined_t }; data_type type() const; entry(dictionary_type const&); entry(string_type const&); entry(list_type const&); entry(integer_type const&); entry(); entry(data_type t); entry(entry const& e); ~entry(); void operator=(entry const& e); void operator=(dictionary_type const&); void operator=(string_type const&); void operator=(list_type const&); void operator=(integer_type const&); integer_type& integer(); integer_type const& integer() const; string_type& string(); string_type const& string() const; list_type& list(); list_type const& list() const; dictionary_type& dict(); dictionary_type const& dict() const; // these functions requires that the entry // is a dictionary, otherwise they will throw entry& operator[](char const* key); entry& operator[](std::string const& key); entry const& operator[](char const* key) const; entry const& operator[](std::string const& key) const; entry* find_key(char const* key); entry const* find_key(char const* key) const; void print(std::ostream& os, int indent = 0) const; }; *TODO: finish documentation of entry.* integer() string() list() dict() type() --------------------------------------- :: integer_type& integer(); integer_type const& integer() const; string_type& string(); string_type const& string() const; list_type& list(); list_type const& list() const; dictionary_type& dict(); dictionary_type const& dict() const; The ``integer()``, ``string()``, ``list()`` and ``dict()`` functions are accessors that return the respective type. If the ``entry`` object isn't of the type you request, the accessor will throw libtorrent_exception_ (which derives from ``std::runtime_error``). You can ask an ``entry`` for its type through the ``type()`` function. The ``print()`` function is there for debug purposes only. If you want to create an ``entry`` you give it the type you want it to have in its constructor, and then use one of the non-const accessors to get a reference which you then can assign the value you want it to have. The typical code to get info from a torrent file will then look like this:: entry torrent_file; // ... // throws if this is not a dictionary entry::dictionary_type const& dict = torrent_file.dict(); entry::dictionary_type::const_iterator i; i = dict.find("announce"); if (i != dict.end()) { std::string tracker_url = i->second.string(); std::cout << tracker_url << "\n"; } The following code is equivalent, but a little bit shorter:: entry torrent_file; // ... // throws if this is not a dictionary if (entry* i = torrent_file.find_key("announce")) { std::string tracker_url = i->string(); std::cout << tracker_url << "\n"; } To make it easier to extract information from a torrent file, the class torrent_info_ exists. operator[] ---------- :: entry& operator[](char const* key); entry& operator[](std::string const& key); entry const& operator[](char const* key) const; entry const& operator[](std::string const& key) const; All of these functions requires the entry to be a dictionary, if it isn't they will throw ``libtorrent::type_error``. The non-const versions of the ``operator[]`` will return a reference to either the existing element at the given key or, if there is no element with the given key, a reference to a newly inserted element at that key. The const version of ``operator[]`` will only return a reference to an existing element at the given key. If the key is not found, it will throw ``libtorrent::type_error``. find_key() ---------- :: entry* find_key(char const* key); entry const* find_key(char const* key) const; These functions requires the entry to be a dictionary, if it isn't they will throw ``libtorrent::type_error``. They will look for an element at the given key in the dictionary, if the element cannot be found, they will return 0. If an element with the given key is found, the return a pointer to it. torrent_info ============ In previous versions of libtorrent, this class was also used for creating torrent files. This functionality has been moved to ``create_torrent``, see make_torrent_. The ``torrent_info`` has the following synopsis:: class torrent_info { public: // these constructors throws exceptions on error torrent_info(sha1_hash const& info_hash); torrent_info(lazy_entry const& torrent_file); torrent_info(char const* buffer, int size); torrent_info(boost::filesystem::path const& filename); torrent_info(boost::filesystem::wpath const& filename); // these constructors sets the error code on error torrent_info(sha1_hash const& info_hash, error_code& ec); torrent_info(lazy_entry const& torrent_file, error_code& ec); torrent_info(char const* buffer, int size, error_code& ec); torrent_info(fs::path const& filename, error_code& ec); torrent_info(fs::wpath const& filename, error_code& ec); void add_tracker(std::string const& url, int tier = 0); std::vector const& trackers() const; file_storage const& files() const; file_storage const& orig_files() const; void rename_file(int index, std::string const& new_filename); void rename_file(int index, std::wstring const& new_filename); typedef file_storage::iterator file_iterator; typedef file_storage::reverse_iterator reverse_file_iterator; file_iterator begin_files() const; file_iterator end_files() const; reverse_file_iterator rbegin_files() const; reverse_file_iterator rend_files() const; int num_files() const; file_entry const& file_at(int index) const; std::vector map_block(int piece, size_type offset , int size) const; peer_request map_file(int file_index, size_type file_offset , int size) const; bool priv() const; std::vector const& url_seeds() const; void add_url_seed(std::string const& url); std::vector const& http_seeds() const; void add_http_seed(std::string const& url); size_type total_size() const; int piece_length() const; int num_pieces() const; sha1_hash const& info_hash() const; std::string const& name() const; std::string const& comment() const; std::string const& creator() const; std::vector > const& nodes() const; void add_node(std::pair const& node); boost::optional creation_date() const; int piece_size(unsigned int index) const; sha1_hash const& hash_for_piece(unsigned int index) const; char const* hash_for_piece_ptr(unsigned int index) const; boost::shared_array metadata() const; int metadata_size() const; }; torrent_info() -------------- :: torrent_info(sha1_hash const& info_hash); torrent_info(lazy_entry const& torrent_file); torrent_info(char const* buffer, int size); torrent_info(boost::filesystem::path const& filename); torrent_info(boost::filesystem::wpath const& filename); torrent_info(sha1_hash const& info_hash, error_code& ec); torrent_info(lazy_entry const& torrent_file, error_code& ec); torrent_info(char const* buffer, int size, error_code& ec); torrent_info(fs::path const& filename, error_code& ec); torrent_info(fs::wpath const& filename, error_code& ec); The constructor that takes an info-hash will initialize the info-hash to the given value, but leave all other fields empty. This is used internally when downloading torrents without the metadata. The metadata will be created by libtorrent as soon as it has been downloaded from the swarm. The constructor that takes a ``lazy_entry`` will create a ``torrent_info`` object from the information found in the given torrent_file. The ``lazy_entry`` represents a tree node in an bencoded file. To load an ordinary .torrent file into a ``lazy_entry``, use lazy_bdecode(), see `bdecode() bencode()`_. The version that takes a buffer pointer and a size will decode it as a .torrent file and initialize the torrent_info object for you. The version that takes a filename will simply load the torrent file and decode it inside the constructor, for convenience. This might not be the most suitable for applications that want to be able to report detailed errors on what might go wrong. The overloads that takes an ``error_code const&`` never throws if an error occur, they will simply set the error code to describe what went wrong and not fully initialize the torrent_info object. The overloads that do not take the extra error_code_ parameter will always throw if an error occurs. These overloads are not available when building without exception support. add_tracker() ------------- :: void add_tracker(std::string const& url, int tier = 0); ``add_tracker()`` adds a tracker to the announce-list. The ``tier`` determines the order in which the trackers are to be tried. For more information see `trackers()`_. files() orig_files() -------------------- :: file_storage const& file() const; file_storage const& orig_files() const; The ``file_storage`` object contains the information on how to map the pieces to files. It is separated from the ``torrent_info`` object because when creating torrents a storage object needs to be created without having a torrent file. When renaming files in a storage, the storage needs to make its own copy of the ``file_storage`` in order to make its mapping differ from the one in the torrent file. ``orig_files()`` returns the original (unmodified) file storage for this torrent. This is used by the web server connection, which needs to request files with the original names. Filename may be chaged using ``torrent_info::rename_file()``. For more information on the ``file_storage`` object, see the separate document on how to create torrents. rename_file() ------------- :: void rename_file(int index, std::string const& new_filename); void rename_file(int index, std::wstring const& new_filename); Renames a the file with the specified index to the new name. The new filename is reflected by the ``file_storage`` returned by ``files()`` but not by the one returned by ``orig_files()``. begin_files() end_files() rbegin_files() rend_files() ----------------------------------------------------- :: file_iterator begin_files() const; file_iterator end_files() const; reverse_file_iterator rbegin_files() const; reverse_file_iterator rend_files() const; This class will need some explanation. First of all, to get a list of all files in the torrent, you can use ``begin_files()``, ``end_files()``, ``rbegin_files()`` and ``rend_files()``. These will give you standard vector iterators with the type ``file_entry``. :: struct file_entry { boost::filesystem::path path; size_type offset; size_type size; size_type file_base; bool pad_file:1; bool hidden_attribute:1; bool executable_attribute:1; }; The ``path`` is the full (relative) path of each file. i.e. if it is a multi-file torrent, all the files starts with a directory with the same name as ``torrent_info::name()``. The filenames are encoded with UTF-8. ``size`` is the size of the file (in bytes) and ``offset`` is the byte offset of the file within the torrent. i.e. the sum of all the sizes of the files before it in the list. ``file_base`` is the offset in the file where the storage should start. The normal case is to have this set to 0, so that the storage starts saving data at the start if the file. In cases where multiple files are mapped into the same file though, the ``file_base`` should be set to an offset so that the different regions do not overlap. This is used when mapping "unselected" files into a so-called part file. ``pad_file`` is set to true for files that are not part of the data of the torrent. They are just there to make sure the next file is aligned to a particular byte offset or piece boundry. These files should typically be hidden from an end user. They are not written to disk. num_files() file_at() --------------------- :: int num_files() const; file_entry const& file_at(int index) const; If you need index-access to files you can use the ``num_files()`` and ``file_at()`` to access files using indices. map_block() ----------- :: std::vector map_block(int piece, size_type offset , int size) const; This function will map a piece index, a byte offset within that piece and a size (in bytes) into the corresponding files with offsets where that data for that piece is supposed to be stored. The file slice struct looks like this:: struct file_slice { int file_index; size_type offset; size_type size; }; The ``file_index`` refers to the index of the file (in the torrent_info). To get the path and filename, use ``file_at()`` and give the ``file_index`` as argument. The ``offset`` is the byte offset in the file where the range starts, and ``size`` is the number of bytes this range is. The size + offset will never be greater than the file size. map_file() ---------- :: peer_request map_file(int file_index, size_type file_offset , int size) const; This function will map a range in a specific file into a range in the torrent. The ``file_offset`` parameter is the offset in the file, given in bytes, where 0 is the start of the file. The ``peer_request`` structure looks like this:: struct peer_request { int piece; int start; int length; bool operator==(peer_request const& r) const; }; ``piece`` is the index of the piece in which the range starts. ``start`` is the offset within that piece where the range starts. ``length`` is the size of the range, in bytes. The input range is assumed to be valid within the torrent. ``file_offset`` + ``size`` is not allowed to be greater than the file size. ``file_index`` must refer to a valid file, i.e. it cannot be >= ``num_files()``. url_seeds() add_url_seed() http_seeds() add_http_seed() ------------------------------------------------------- :: std::vector const& url_seeds() const; void add_url_seed(std::string const& url); std::vector const& http_seeds() const; void add_http_seed(std::string const& url); If there are any url-seeds or http seeds in this torrent, ``url_seeds()`` and ``http_seeds()`` will return a vector of those urls. ``add_url_seed()`` and ``add_http_seed()`` adds one url to the list of url/http seeds. Currently, the only transport protocol supported for the url is http. See `HTTP seeding`_ for more information. trackers() ---------- :: std::vector const& trackers() const; The ``trackers()`` function will return a sorted vector of ``announce_entry``. Each announce entry contains a string, which is the tracker url, and a tier index. The tier index is the high-level priority. No matter which trackers that works or not, the ones with lower tier will always be tried before the one with higher tier number. :: struct announce_entry { announce_entry(std::string const& url); std::string url; boost::uint8_t tier; boost::uint8_t fail_limit; boost::uint8_t fails; enum tracker_source { source_torrent = 1, source_client = 2, source_magnet_link = 4, source_tex = 8 }; boost::uint8_t source; bool verified:1; bool updating:1; bool start_sent:1; bool complete_sent:1; }; ``fail_limit`` is the max number of failures to announce to this tracker in a row, before this tracker is not used anymore. ``fails`` is the number of times in a row we have failed to announce to this tracker. ``source`` is a bitmask specifying which sources we got this tracker from. ``verified`` is set to true the first time we receive a valid response from this tracker. ``updating`` is true while we're waiting for a response from the tracker. ``start_sent`` is set to true when we get a valid response from an announce with event=started. If it is set, we won't send start in the subsequent announces. ``complete_sent`` is set to true when we send a event=completed. total_size() piece_length() piece_size() num_pieces() ----------------------------------------------------- :: size_type total_size() const; int piece_length() const; int piece_size(unsigned int index) const; int num_pieces() const; ``total_size()``, ``piece_length()`` and ``num_pieces()`` returns the total number of bytes the torrent-file represents (all the files in it), the number of byte for each piece and the total number of pieces, respectively. The difference between ``piece_size()`` and ``piece_length()`` is that ``piece_size()`` takes the piece index as argument and gives you the exact size of that piece. It will always be the same as ``piece_length()`` except in the case of the last piece, which may be smaller. hash_for_piece() hash_for_piece_ptr() info_hash() ------------------------------------------------- :: size_type piece_size(unsigned int index) const; sha1_hash const& hash_for_piece(unsigned int index) const; char const* hash_for_piece_ptr(unsigned int index) const; ``hash_for_piece()`` takes a piece-index and returns the 20-bytes sha1-hash for that piece and ``info_hash()`` returns the 20-bytes sha1-hash for the info-section of the torrent file. For more information on the ``sha1_hash``, see the big_number_ class. ``hash_for_piece_ptr()`` returns a pointer to the 20 byte sha1 digest for the piece. Note that the string is not null-terminated. name() comment() creation_date() creator() ------------------------------------------ :: std::string const& name() const; std::string const& comment() const; boost::optional creation_date() const; ``name()`` returns the name of the torrent. ``comment()`` returns the comment associated with the torrent. If there's no comment, it will return an empty string. ``creation_date()`` returns a `boost::posix_time::ptime`__ object, representing the time when this torrent file was created. If there's no time stamp in the torrent file, this will return a date of January 1:st 1970. Both the name and the comment is UTF-8 encoded strings. ``creator()`` returns the creator string in the torrent. If there is no creator string it will return an empty string. __ http://www.boost.org/doc/html/date_time/posix_time.html#date_time.posix_time.ptime_class priv() ------ :: bool priv() const; ``priv()`` returns true if this torrent is private. i.e., it should not be distributed on the trackerless network (the kademlia DHT). nodes() ------- :: std::vector > const& nodes() const; If this torrent contains any DHT nodes, they are put in this vector in their original form (host name and port number). add_node() ---------- :: void add_node(std::pair const& node); This is used when creating torrent. Use this to add a known DHT node. It may be used, by the client, to bootstrap into the DHT network. metadata() metadata_size() -------------------------- :: boost::shared_array metadata() const; int metadata_size() const; ``metadata()`` returns a the raw info section of the torrent file. The size of the metadata is returned by ``metadata_size()``. torrent_handle ============== You will usually have to store your torrent handles somewhere, since it's the object through which you retrieve information about the torrent and aborts the torrent. Its declaration looks like this:: struct torrent_handle { torrent_handle(); torrent_status status(); void file_progress(std::vector& fp, int flags = 0); void get_download_queue(std::vector& queue) const; void get_peer_info(std::vector& v) const; torrent_info const& get_torrent_info() const; bool is_valid() const; std::string name() const; void save_resume_data() const; void force_reannounce() const; void force_reannounce(boost::posix_time::time_duration) const; void scrape_tracker() const; void connect_peer(asio::ip::tcp::endpoint const& adr, int source = 0) const; void set_tracker_login(std::string const& username , std::string const& password) const; std::vector const& trackers() const; void replace_trackers(std::vector const&); void add_tracker(announc_entry const& url); void add_url_seed(std::string const& url); void remove_url_seed(std::string const& url); std::set url_seeds() const; void add_http_seed(std::string const& url); void remove_http_seed(std::string const& url); std::set http_seeds() const; void set_ratio(float ratio) const; int max_uploads() const; void set_max_uploads(int max_uploads) const; void set_max_connections(int max_connections) const; int max_connections() const; void set_upload_limit(int limit) const; int upload_limit() const; void set_download_limit(int limit) const; int download_limit() const; void set_sequential_download(bool sd) const; bool is_sequential_download() const; void set_peer_upload_limit(asio::ip::tcp::endpoint ip, int limit) const; void set_peer_download_limit(asio::ip::tcp::endpoint ip, int limit) const; int queue_position() const; void queue_position_up() const; void queue_position_down() const; void queue_position_top() const; void queue_position_bottom() const; void set_priority(int prio) const; void use_interface(char const* net_interface) const; void pause() const; void resume() const; bool is_paused() const; bool is_seed() const; void force_recheck() const; void clear_error() const; void set_upload_mode(bool m) const; void resolve_countries(bool r); bool resolve_countries() const; enum deadline_flags { alert_when_available = 1 }; void set_piece_deadline(int index, time_duration deadline, int flags = 0) const; void piece_priority(int index, int priority) const; int piece_priority(int index) const; void prioritize_pieces(std::vector const& pieces) const; std::vector piece_priorities() const; void file_priority(int index, int priority) const; int file_priority(int index) const; void prioritize_files(std::vector const& files) const; std::vector file_priorities() const; bool is_auto_managed() const; void auto_managed(bool m) const; bool has_metadata() const; bool set_metadata(char const* buf, int size) const; boost::filesystem::path save_path() const; void move_storage(boost::filesystem::path const& save_path) const; void move_storage(boost::filesystem::wpath const& save_path) const; void rename_file(int index, boost::filesystem::path) const; void rename_file(int index, boost::filesystem::wpath) const; storage_interface* get_storage_impl() const; bool super_seeding() const; void super_seeding(bool on) const; enum flags_t { overwrite_existing = 1 }; void add_piece(int piece, char const* data, int flags = 0) const; void read_piece(int piece) const; sha1_hash info_hash() const; bool operator==(torrent_handle const&) const; bool operator!=(torrent_handle const&) const; bool operator<(torrent_handle const&) const; }; The default constructor will initialize the handle to an invalid state. Which means you cannot perform any operation on it, unless you first assign it a valid handle. If you try to perform any operation on an uninitialized handle, it will throw ``invalid_handle``. .. warning:: All operations on a ``torrent_handle`` may throw libtorrent_exception_ exception, in case the handle is no longer refering to a torrent. There is one exception ``is_valid()`` will never throw. Since the torrents are processed by a background thread, there is no guarantee that a handle will remain valid between two calls. set_piece_deadline() -------------------- :: enum deadline_flags { alert_when_available = 1 }; void set_piece_deadline(int index, time_duration deadline, int flags = 0) const; This function sets or resets the deadline associated with a specific piece index (``index``). libtorrent will attempt to download this entire piece before the deadline expires. This is not necessarily possible, but pieces with a more recent deadline will always be prioritized over pieces with a deadline further ahead in time. The deadline (and flags) of a piece can be changed by calling this function again. The ``flags`` parameter can be used to ask libtorrent to send an alert once the piece has been downloaded, by passing ``alert_when_available``. When set, the read_piece_alert_ alert will be delivered, with the piece data, when it's downloaded. If the piece is already downloaded when this call is made, nothing happens, unless the ``alert_when_available`` flag is set, in which case it will do the same thing as calling `read_piece()`_ for ``index``. piece_priority() prioritize_pieces() piece_priorities() ------------------------------------------------------- :: void piece_priority(int index, int priority) const; int piece_priority(int index) const; void prioritize_pieces(std::vector const& pieces) const; std::vector piece_priorities() const; These functions are used to set and get the prioritiy of individual pieces. By default all pieces have priority 1. That means that the random rarest first algorithm is effectively active for all pieces. You may however change the priority of individual pieces. There are 8 different priority levels: 0. piece is not downloaded at all 1. normal priority. Download order is dependent on availability 2. higher than normal priority. Pieces are preferred over pieces with the same availability, but not over pieces with lower availability 3. pieces are as likely to be picked as partial pieces. 4. pieces are preferred over partial pieces, but not over pieces with lower availability 5. *currently the same as 4* 6. piece is as likely to be picked as any piece with availability 1 7. maximum priority, availability is disregarded, the piece is preferred over any other piece with lower priority The exact definitions of these priorities are implementation details, and subject to change. The interface guarantees that higher number means higher priority, and that 0 means do not download. ``piece_priority`` sets or gets the priority for an individual piece, specified by ``index``. ``prioritize_pieces`` takes a vector of integers, one integer per piece in the torrent. All the piece priorities will be updated with the priorities in the vector. ``piece_priorities`` returns a vector with one element for each piece in the torrent. Each element is the current priority of that piece. file_priority() prioritize_files() file_priorities() ---------------------------------------------------- :: void file_priority(int index, int priority) const; int file_priority(int index) const; void prioritize_files(std::vector const& files) const; std::vector file_priorities() const; ``index`` must be in the range [0, number_of_files). ``file_priority`` queries or sets the priority of file ``index``. ``prioritize_files`` takes a vector that has at as many elements as there are files in the torrent. Each entry is the priority of that file. The function sets the priorities of all the pieces in the torrent based on the vector. ``file_priorities`` returns a vector with the priorities of all files. The priority values are the same as for ``piece_priority``. Whenever a file priority is changed, all other piece priorities are reset to match the file priorities. In order to maintain sepcial priorities for particular pieces, ``piece_priority`` has to be called again for those pieces. file_progress() --------------- :: void file_progress(std::vector& fp, int flags = 0); This function fills in the supplied vector with the the number of bytes downloaded of each file in this torrent. The progress values are ordered the same as the files in the `torrent_info`_. This operation is not very cheap. Its complexity is *O(n + mj)*. Where *n* is the number of files, *m* is the number of downloading pieces and *j* is the number of blocks in a piece. The ``flags`` parameter can be used to specify the granularity of the file progress. If left at the default value of 0, the progress will be as accurate as possible, but also more expensive to calculate. If ``torrent_handle::piece_granularity`` is specified, the progress will be specified in piece granularity. i.e. only pieces that have been fully downloaded and passed the hash check count. When specifying piece granularity, the operation is a lot cheaper, since libtorrent already keeps track of this internally and no calculation is required. save_path() ----------- :: boost::filesystem::path save_path() const; ``save_path()`` returns the path that was given to `add_torrent()`_ when this torrent was started. move_storage() -------------- :: void move_storage(boost::filesystem::path const& save_path) const; void move_storage(boost::filesystem::wpath const& save_path) const; Moves the file(s) that this torrent are currently seeding from or downloading to. If the given ``save_path`` is not located on the same drive as the original save path, The files will be copied to the new drive and removed from their original location. This will block all other disk IO, and other torrents download and upload rates may drop while copying the file. Since disk IO is performed in a separate thread, this operation is also asynchronous. Once the operation completes, the ``storage_moved_alert`` is generated, with the new path as the message. If the move fails for some reason, ``storage_moved_failed_alert`` is generated instead, containing the error message. rename_file() ------------- :: void rename_file(int index, boost::filesystem::path) const; void rename_file(int index, boost::filesystem::wpath) const; Renames the file with the given index asynchronously. The rename operation is complete when either a ``file_renamed_alert`` or ``file_rename_failed_alert`` is posted. get_storage_impl() ------------------ :: storage_interface* get_storage_impl() const; Returns the storage implementation for this torrent. This depends on the storage contructor function that was passed to ``session::add_torrent``. super_seeding() --------------- :: bool super_seeding() const; void super_seeding(bool on) const; Enables or disabled super seeding/initial seeding for this torrent. The torrent needs to be a seed for this to take effect. The overload that returns a bool tells you of super seeding is enabled or not. add_piece() ----------- :: enum flags_t { overwrite_existing = 1 }; void add_piece(int piece, char const* data, int flags = 0) const; This function will write ``data`` to the storage as piece ``piece``, as if it had been downloaded from a peer. ``data`` is expected to point to a buffer of as many bytes as the size of the specified piece. The data in the buffer is copied and passed on to the disk IO thread to be written at a later point. By default, data that's already been downloaded is not overwritten by this buffer. If you trust this data to be correct (and pass the piece hash check) you may pass the ``overwrite_existing`` flag. This will instruct libtorrent to overwrite any data that may already have been downloaded with this data. Since the data is written asynchronously, you may know that is passed or failed the hash check by waiting for ``piece_finished_alert`` or ``has_failed_alert``. read_piece() ------------ :: void read_piece(int piece) const; This function starts an asynchronous read operation of the specified piece from this torrent. You must have completed the download of the specified piece before calling this function. When the read operation is completed, it is passed back through an alert, read_piece_alert_. In order to receive this alert, you must enable ``alert::storage_notification`` in your alert mask (see `set_alert_mask()`_). Note that if you read multiple pieces, the read operations are not guaranteed to finish in the same order as you initiated them. force_reannounce() ------------------ :: void force_reannounce() const; void force_reannounce(boost::posix_time::time_duration) const; ``force_reannounce()`` will force this torrent to do another tracker request, to receive new peers. The second overload of ``force_reannounce`` that takes a ``time_duration`` as argument will schedule a reannounce in that amount of time from now. scrape_tracker() ---------------- :: void scrape_tracker() const; ``scrape_tracker()`` will send a scrape request to the tracker. A scrape request queries the tracker for statistics such as total number of incomplete peers, complete peers, number of downloads etc. This request will specifically update the ``num_complete`` and ``num_incomplete`` fields in the torrent_status_ struct once it completes. When it completes, it will generate a scrape_reply_alert_. If it fails, it will generate a scrape_failed_alert_. connect_peer() -------------- :: void connect_peer(asio::ip::tcp::endpoint const& adr, int source = 0) const; ``connect_peer()`` is a way to manually connect to peers that one believe is a part of the torrent. If the peer does not respond, or is not a member of this torrent, it will simply be disconnected. No harm can be done by using this other than an unnecessary connection attempt is made. If the torrent is uninitialized or in queued or checking mode, this will throw libtorrent_exception_. The second (optional) argument will be bitwised ORed into the source mask of this peer. Typically this is one of the source flags in peer_info_. i.e. ``tracker``, ``pex``, ``dht`` etc. name() ------ :: std::string name() const; Returns the name of the torrent. i.e. the name from the metadata associated with it. In case the torrent was started without metadata, and hasn't completely received it yet, it returns the name given to it when added to the session. See ``session::add_torrent``. set_ratio() ----------- :: void set_ratio(float ratio) const; ``set_ratio()`` sets the desired download / upload ratio. If set to 0, it is considered being infinite. i.e. the client will always upload as much as it can, no matter how much it gets back in return. With this setting it will work much like the standard clients. Besides 0, the ratio can be set to any number greater than or equal to 1. It means how much to attempt to upload in return for each download. e.g. if set to 2, the client will try to upload 2 bytes for every byte received. The default setting for this is 0, which will make it work as a standard client. set_upload_limit() set_download_limit() upload_limit() download_limit() ----------------------------------------------------------------------- :: void set_upload_limit(int limit) const; void set_download_limit(int limit) const; int upload_limit() const; int download_limit() const; ``set_upload_limit`` will limit the upload bandwidth used by this particular torrent to the limit you set. It is given as the number of bytes per second the torrent is allowed to upload. ``set_download_limit`` works the same way but for download bandwidth instead of upload bandwidth. Note that setting a higher limit on a torrent then the global limit (``session::set_upload_rate_limit``) will not override the global rate limit. The torrent can never upload more than the global rate limit. ``upload_limit`` and ``download_limit`` will return the current limit setting, for upload and download, respectively. set_sequential_download() is_sequential_download() -------------------------------------------------- :: void set_sequential_download(bool sd); bool is_sequential_download() const; ``set_sequential_download()`` enables or disables *sequential download*. When enabled, the piece picker will pick pieces in sequence instead of rarest first. Enabling sequential download will affect the piece distribution negatively in the swarm. It should be used sparingly. ``is_sequential_download()`` returns true if this torrent is downloading in sequence, and false otherwise. set_peer_upload_limit() set_peer_download_limit() ------------------------------------------------- :: void set_peer_upload_limit(asio::ip::tcp::endpoint ip, int limit) const; void set_peer_download_limit(asio::ip::tcp::endpoint ip, int limit) const; Works like ``set_upload_limit`` and ``set_download_limit`` respectively, but controls individual peer instead of the whole torrent. pause() resume() is_paused() ---------------------------- :: void pause() const; void resume() const; bool is_paused() const; ``pause()``, and ``resume()`` will disconnect all peers and reconnect all peers respectively. When a torrent is paused, it will however remember all share ratios to all peers and remember all potential (not connected) peers. You can use ``is_paused()`` to determine if a torrent is currently paused. Torrents may be paused automatically if there is a file error (e.g. disk full) or something similar. See file_error_alert_. torrents that are auto-managed may be automatically resumed again. It does not make sense to pause an auto-managed torrent without making it not automanaged first. Torrents are auto-managed by default when added to the session. For more information, see queuing_. ``is_paused()`` only returns true if the torrent itself is paused. If the torrent is not running because the session is paused, this still returns false. To know if a torrent is active or not, you need to inspect both ``torrent_handle::is_paused()`` and ``session::is_paused()``. force_recheck() --------------- :: void force_recheck() const; ``force_recheck`` puts the torrent back in a state where it assumes to have no resume data. All peers will be disconnected and the torrent will stop announcing to the tracker. The torrent will be added to the checking queue, and will be checked (all the files will be read and compared to the piece hashes). Once the check is complete, the torrent will start connecting to peers again, as normal. clear_error() ------------- :: void clear_error() const; If the torrent is in an error state (i.e. ``torrent_status::error`` is non-empty), this will clear the error and start the torrent again. set_upload_mode() ----------------- :: void set_upload_mode(bool m) const; Explicitly sets the upload mode of the torrent. In upload mode, the torrent will not request any pieces. If the torrent is auto managed, it will automatically be taken out of upload mode periodically (see ``session_settings::optimistic_disk_retry``). Torrents are automatically put in upload mode whenever they encounter a disk write error. ``m`` should be true to enter upload mode, and false to leave it. To test if a torrent is in upload mode, call ``torrent_handle::status()`` and inspect ``torrent_status::upload_mode``. resolve_countries() ------------------- :: void resolve_countries(bool r); bool resolve_countries() const; Sets or gets the flag that derermines if countries should be resolved for the peers of this torrent. It defaults to false. If it is set to true, the peer_info_ structure for the peers in this torrent will have their ``country`` member set. See peer_info_ for more information on how to interpret this field. is_seed() --------- :: bool is_seed() const; Returns true if the torrent is in seed mode (i.e. if it has finished downloading). is_auto_managed() auto_managed() -------------------------------- :: bool is_auto_managed() const; void auto_managed(bool m) const; ``is_auto_managed()`` returns true if this torrent is currently *auto managed*. ``auto_managed()`` changes whether the torrent is auto managed or not. For more info, see queuing_. has_metadata() set_metadata() ----------------------------- :: bool has_metadata() const; bool set_metadata(char const* buf, int size) const; ``has_metadata`` returns true if this torrent has metadata (either it was started from a .torrent file or the metadata has been downloaded). The only scenario where this can return false is when the torrent was started torrent-less (i.e. with just an info-hash and tracker ip). Note that if the torrent doesn't have metadata, the member `get_torrent_info()`_ will throw. ``set_metadata`` expects the *info* section of metadata. i.e. The buffer passed in will be hashed and verified against the info-hash. If it fails, a ``metadata_failed_alert`` will be generated. If it passes, a ``metadata_received_alert`` is generated. The function returns true if the metadata is successfully set on the torrent, and false otherwise. If the torrent already has metadata, this function will not affect the torrent, and false will be returned. set_tracker_login() ------------------- :: void set_tracker_login(std::string const& username , std::string const& password) const; ``set_tracker_login()`` sets a username and password that will be sent along in the HTTP-request of the tracker announce. Set this if the tracker requires authorization. trackers() replace_trackers() add_tracker() ------------------------------------------- :: std::vector const& trackers() const; void replace_trackers(std::vector const&) const; void add_tracker(announc_entry const& url); ``trackers()`` will return the list of trackers for this torrent. The announce entry contains both a string ``url`` which specify the announce url for the tracker as well as an int ``tier``, which is specifies the order in which this tracker is tried. If you want libtorrent to use another list of trackers for this torrent, you can use ``replace_trackers()`` which takes a list of the same form as the one returned from ``trackers()`` and will replace it. If you want an immediate effect, you have to call `force_reannounce()`_. ``add_tracker()`` will look if the specified tracker is already in the set. If it is, it doesn't do anything. If it's not in the current set of trackers, it will insert it in the tier specified in the announce_entry. add_url_seed() remove_url_seed() url_seeds() -------------------------------------------- :: void add_url_seed(std::string const& url); void remove_url_seed(std::string const& url); std::set url_seeds() const; ``add_url_seed()`` adds another url to the torrent's list of url seeds. If the given url already exists in that list, the call has no effect. The torrent will connect to the server and try to download pieces from it, unless it's paused, queued, checking or seeding. ``remove_url_seed()`` removes the given url if it exists already. ``url_seeds()`` return a set of the url seeds currently in this torrent. Note that urls that fails may be removed automatically from the list. See `HTTP seeding`_ for more information. add_http_seed() remove_http_seed() http_seeds() ----------------------------------------------- :: void add_http_seed(std::string const& url); void remove_http_seed(std::string const& url); std::set http_seeds() const; These functions are identical as the ``*_url_seed()`` variants, but they operate on BEP 17 web seeds instead of BEP 19. See `HTTP seeding`_ for more information. queue_position() queue_position_up() queue_position_down() queue_position_top() queue_position_bottom() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :: int queue_position() const; void queue_position_up() const; void queue_position_down() const; void queue_position_top() const; void queue_position_bottom() const; Every torrent that is added is assigned a queue position exactly one greater than the greatest queue position of all existing torrents. Torrents that are being seeded have -1 as their queue position, since they're no longer in line to be downloaded. When a torrent is removed or turns into a seed, all torrents with greater queue positions have their positions decreased to fill in the space in the sequence. ``queue_position()`` returns the torrent's position in the download queue. The torrents with the smallest numbers are the ones that are being downloaded. The smaller number, the closer the torrent is to the front of the line to be started. The ``queue_position_*()`` functions adjust the torrents position in the queue. Up means closer to the front and down means closer to the back of the queue. Top and bottom refers to the front and the back of the queue respectively. set_priority() -------------- :: void set_priority(int prio) const; This sets the bandwidth priority of this torrent. The priority of a torrent determines how much bandwidth its peers are assigned when distributing upload and download rate quotas. A high number gives more bandwidth. The priority must be within the range [0, 255]. The default priority is 0, which is the lowest priority. To query the priority of a torrent, use the `status()`_ call. Torrents with higher priority will not nececcarily get as much bandwidth as they can consume, even if there's is more quota. Other peers will still be weighed in when bandwidth is being distributed. With other words, bandwidth is not distributed strictly in order of priority, but the priority is used as a weight. use_interface() --------------- :: void use_interface(char const* net_interface) const; ``use_interface()`` sets the network interface this torrent will use when it opens outgoing connections. By default, it uses the same interface as the session_ uses to listen on. The parameter must be a string containing an ip-address (either an IPv4 or IPv6 address). If the string does not conform to this format and exception is thrown. info_hash() ----------- :: sha1_hash info_hash() const; ``info_hash()`` returns the info-hash for the torrent. set_max_uploads() max_uploads() set_max_connections() max_connections() ----------------------------------------------------------------------- :: void set_max_uploads(int max_uploads) const; int max_uploads() const; void set_max_connections(int max_connections) const; int max_connections() const; ``set_max_uploads()`` sets the maximum number of peers that's unchoked at the same time on this torrent. If you set this to -1, there will be no limit. ``set_max_connections()`` sets the maximum number of connection this torrent will open. If all connections are used up, incoming connections may be refused or poor connections may be closed. This must be at least 2. The default is unlimited number of connections. If -1 is given to the function, it means unlimited. ``max_uploads()`` and ``max_connections()`` returns the current settings. save_resume_data() ------------------ :: void save_resume_data() const; ``save_resume_data()`` generates fast-resume data and returns it as an entry_. This entry_ is suitable for being bencoded. For more information about how fast-resume works, see `fast resume`_. This operation is asynchronous, ``save_resume_data`` will return immediately. The resume data is delivered when it's done through an `save_resume_data_alert`_. The fast resume data will be empty in the following cases: 1. The torrent handle is invalid. 2. The torrent is checking (or is queued for checking) its storage, it will obviously not be ready to write resume data. 3. The torrent hasn't received valid metadata and was started without metadata (see libtorrent's `metadata from peers`_ extension) Note that by the time you receive the fast resume data, it may already be invalid if the torrent is still downloading! The recommended practice is to first pause the session, then generate the fast resume data, and then close it down. Make sure to not `remove_torrent()`_ before you receive the `save_resume_data_alert`_ though. There's no need to pause when saving intermittent resume data. .. warning:: If you pause every torrent individually instead of pausing the session, every torrent will have its paused state saved in the resume data! .. note:: It is typically a good idea to save resume data whenever a torrent is completed or paused. In those cases you don't need to pause the torrent or the session, since the torrent will do no more writing to its files. If you save resume data for torrents when they are paused, you can accelerate the shutdown process by not saving resume data again for paused torrents. Completed torrents should have their resume data saved when they complete and on exit, since their statistics might be updated. In full allocation mode the reume data is never invalidated by subsequent writes to the files, since pieces won't move around. This means that you don't need to pause before writing resume data in full or sparse mode. If you don't, however, any data written to disk after you saved resume data and before the session_ closed is lost. It also means that if the resume data is out dated, libtorrent will not re-check the files, but assume that it is fairly recent. The assumption is that it's better to loose a little bit than to re-check the entire file. It is still a good idea to save resume data periodically during download as well as when closing down. Example code to pause and save resume data for all torrents and wait for the alerts:: int num_resume_data = 0; std::vector handles = ses.get_torrents(); ses.pause(); for (std::vector::iterator i = handles.begin(); i != handles.end(); ++i) { torrent_handle& h = *i; if (!h.has_metadata()) continue; if (!h.is_valid()) continue; h.save_resume_data(); ++num_resume_data; } while (num_resume_data > 0) { alert const* a = ses.wait_for_alert(seconds(10)); // if we don't get an alert within 10 seconds, abort if (a == 0) break; std::auto_ptr holder = ses.pop_alert(); if (dynamic_cast(a)) { process_alert(a); --num_resume_data; continue; } save_resume_data_alert const* rd = dynamic_cast(a); if (rd == 0) { process_alert(a); continue; } torrent_handle h = rd->handle; boost::filesystem::ofstream out(h.save_path() / (h.get_torrent_info().name() + ".fastresume"), std::ios_base::binary); out.unsetf(std::ios_base::skipws); bencode(std::ostream_iterator(out), *rd->resume_data); --num_resume_data; } status() -------- :: torrent_status status() const; ``status()`` will return a structure with information about the status of this torrent. If the torrent_handle_ is invalid, it will throw libtorrent_exception_ exception. See torrent_status_. get_download_queue() -------------------- :: void get_download_queue(std::vector& queue) const; ``get_download_queue()`` takes a non-const reference to a vector which it will fill with information about pieces that are partially downloaded or not downloaded at all but partially requested. The entry in the vector (``partial_piece_info``) looks like this:: struct partial_piece_info { int piece_index; int blocks_in_piece; enum state_t { none, slow, medium, fast }; state_t piece_state; block_info* blocks; }; ``piece_index`` is the index of the piece in question. ``blocks_in_piece`` is the number of blocks in this particular piece. This number will be the same for most pieces, but the last piece may have fewer blocks than the standard pieces. ``piece_state`` is set to either ``fast``, ``medium``, ``slow`` or ``none``. It tells which download rate category the peers downloading this piece falls into. ``none`` means that no peer is currently downloading any part of the piece. Peers prefer picking pieces from the same category as themselves. The reason for this is to keep the number of partially downloaded pieces down. Pieces set to ``none`` can be converted into any of ``fast``, ``medium`` or ``slow`` as soon as a peer want to download from it. :: struct block_info { enum block_state_t { none, requested, writing, finished }; void set_peer(tcp::endpoint const& ep); tcp::endpoint peer() const; unsigned bytes_progress:15; unsigned block_size:15; unsigned state:2; unsigned num_peers:14; }; The ``blocks`` field points to an array of ``blocks_in_piece`` elements. This pointer is only valid until the next call to ``get_download_queue()`` for any torrent in the same session. They all share the storaga for the block arrays in their session object. The ``block_info`` array contains data for each individual block in the piece. Each block has a state (``state``) which is any of: * ``none`` - This block has not been downloaded or requested form any peer. * ``requested`` - The block has been requested, but not completely downloaded yet. * ``writing`` - The block has been downloaded and is currently queued for being written to disk. * ``finished`` - The block has been written to disk. The ``peer`` field is the ip address of the peer this block was downloaded from. ``num_peers`` is the number of peers that is currently requesting this block. Typically this is 0 or 1, but at the end of the torrent blocks may be requested by more peers in parallel to speed things up. ``bytes_progress`` is the number of bytes that have been received for this block, and ``block_size`` is the total number of bytes in this block. get_peer_info() --------------- :: void get_peer_info(std::vector&) const; ``get_peer_info()`` takes a reference to a vector that will be cleared and filled with one entry for each peer connected to this torrent, given the handle is valid. If the torrent_handle_ is invalid, it will throw libtorrent_exception_ exception. Each entry in the vector contains information about that particular peer. See peer_info_. get_torrent_info() ------------------ :: torrent_info const& get_torrent_info() const; Returns a const reference to the torrent_info_ object associated with this torrent. This reference is valid as long as the torrent_handle_ is valid, no longer. If the torrent_handle_ is invalid or if it doesn't have any metadata, libtorrent_exception_ exception will be thrown. The torrent may be in a state without metadata only if it was started without a .torrent file, i.e. by using the libtorrent extension of just supplying a tracker and info-hash. is_valid() ---------- :: bool is_valid() const; Returns true if this handle refers to a valid torrent and false if it hasn't been initialized or if the torrent it refers to has been aborted. Note that a handle may become invalid after it has been added to the session. Usually this is because the storage for the torrent is somehow invalid or if the filenames are not allowed (and hence cannot be opened/created) on your filesystem. If such an error occurs, a file_error_alert_ is generated and all handles that refers to that torrent will become invalid. torrent_status ============== It contains the following fields:: struct torrent_status { enum state_t { queued_for_checking, checking_files, downloading_metadata, downloading, finished, seeding, allocating, checking_resume_data }; state_t state; bool paused; float progress; int progress_ppm; std::string error; boost::posix_time::time_duration next_announce; boost::posix_time::time_duration announce_interval; std::string current_tracker; size_type total_download; size_type total_upload; size_type total_payload_download; size_type total_payload_upload; size_type total_failed_bytes; size_type total_redundant_bytes; int download_rate; int upload_rate; int download_payload_rate; int upload_payload_rate; int num_peers; int num_complete; int num_incomplete; int list_seeds; int list_peers; int connect_candidates; bitfield pieces; int num_pieces; size_type total_done; size_type total_wanted_done; size_type total_wanted; int num_seeds; int distributed_full_copies; int distributed_fraction; float distributed_copies; int block_size; int num_uploads; int num_connections; int uploads_limit; int connections_limit; storage_mode_t storage_mode; int up_bandwidth_queue; int down_bandwidth_queue; size_type all_time_upload; size_type all_time_download; int active_time; int seeding_time; int seed_rank; int last_scrape; bool has_incoming; int sparse_regions; bool seed_mode; bool upload_mode; int priority; }; ``progress`` is a value in the range [0, 1], that represents the progress of the torrent's current task. It may be checking files or downloading. ``progress_ppm`` reflects the same value as ``progress``, but instead in a range [0, 1000000] (ppm = parts per million). When floating point operations are disabled, this is the only alternative to the floating point value in ``progress``. The torrent's current task is in the ``state`` member, it will be one of the following: +--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ |``checking_resume_data`` |The torrent is currently checking the fastresume data and | | |comparing it to the files on disk. This is typically | | |completed in a fraction of a second, but if you add a | | |large number of torrents at once, they will queue up. | +--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ |``queued_for_checking`` |The torrent is in the queue for being checked. But there | | |currently is another torrent that are being checked. | | |This torrent will wait for its turn. | +--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ |``checking_files`` |The torrent has not started its download yet, and is | | |currently checking existing files. | +--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ |``downloading_metadata`` |The torrent is trying to download metadata from peers. | | |This assumes the metadata_transfer extension is in use. | +--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ |``downloading`` |The torrent is being downloaded. This is the state | | |most torrents will be in most of the time. The progress | | |meter will tell how much of the files that has been | | |downloaded. | +--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ |``finished`` |In this state the torrent has finished downloading but | | |still doesn't have the entire torrent. i.e. some pieces | | |are filtered and won't get downloaded. | +--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ |``seeding`` |In this state the torrent has finished downloading and | | |is a pure seeder. | +--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ |``allocating`` |If the torrent was started in full allocation mode, this | | |indicates that the (disk) storage for the torrent is | | |allocated. | +--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ When downloading, the progress is ``total_wanted_done`` / ``total_wanted``. ``paused`` is set to true if the torrent is paused and false otherwise. ``error`` may be set to an error message describing why the torrent was paused, in case it was paused by an error. If the torrent is not paused or if it's paused but not because of an error, this string is empty. ``next_announce`` is the time until the torrent will announce itself to the tracker. And ``announce_interval`` is the time the tracker want us to wait until we announce ourself again the next time. ``current_tracker`` is the URL of the last working tracker. If no tracker request has been successful yet, it's set to an empty string. ``total_download`` and ``total_upload`` is the number of bytes downloaded and uploaded to all peers, accumulated, *this session* only. The session is considered to restart when a torrent is paused and restarted again. When a torrent is paused, these counters are reset to 0. If you want complete, persistent, stats, see ``all_time_upload`` and ``all_time_download``. ``total_payload_download`` and ``total_payload_upload`` counts the amount of bytes send and received this session, but only the actual payload data (i.e the interesting data), these counters ignore any protocol overhead. ``total_failed_bytes`` is the number of bytes that has been downloaded and that has failed the piece hash test. In other words, this is just how much crap that has been downloaded. ``total_redundant_bytes`` is the number of bytes that has been downloaded even though that data already was downloaded. The reason for this is that in some situations the same data can be downloaded by mistake. When libtorrent sends requests to a peer, and the peer doesn't send a response within a certain timeout, libtorrent will re-request that block. Another situation when libtorrent may re-request blocks is when the requests it sends out are not replied in FIFO-order (it will re-request blocks that are skipped by an out of order block). This is supposed to be as low as possible. ``pieces`` is the bitmask that represents which pieces we have (set to true) and the pieces we don't have. It's a pointer and may be set to 0 if the torrent isn't downloading or seeding. ``num_pieces`` is the number of pieces that has been downloaded. It is equivalent to: ``std::accumulate(pieces->begin(), pieces->end())``. So you don't have to count yourself. This can be used to see if anything has updated since last time if you want to keep a graph of the pieces up to date. ``download_rate`` and ``upload_rate`` are the total rates for all peers for this torrent. These will usually have better precision than summing the rates from all peers. The rates are given as the number of bytes per second. The ``download_payload_rate`` and ``upload_payload_rate`` respectively is the total transfer rate of payload only, not counting protocol chatter. This might be slightly smaller than the other rates, but if projected over a long time (e.g. when calculating ETA:s) the difference may be noticeable. ``num_peers`` is the number of peers this torrent currently is connected to. Peer connections that are in the half-open state (is attempting to connect) or are queued for later connection attempt do not count. Although they are visible in the peer list when you call `get_peer_info()`_. ``num_complete`` and ``num_incomplete`` are set to -1 if the tracker did not send any scrape data in its announce reply. This data is optional and may not be available from all trackers. If these are not -1, they are the total number of peers that are seeding (complete) and the total number of peers that are still downloading (incomplete) this torrent. ``list_seeds`` and ``list_peers`` are the number of seeds in our peer list and the total number of peers (including seeds) respectively. We are not necessarily connected to all the peers in our peer list. This is the number of peers we know of in total, including banned peers and peers that we have failed to connect to. ``connect_candidates`` is the number of peers in this torrent's peer list that is a candidate to be connected to. i.e. It has fewer connect attempts than the max fail count, it is not a seed if we are a seed, it is not banned etc. If this is 0, it means we don't know of any more peers that we can try. ``total_done`` is the total number of bytes of the file(s) that we have. All this does not necessarily has to be downloaded during this session (that's ``total_payload_download``). ``total_wanted_done`` is the number of bytes we have downloaded, only counting the pieces that we actually want to download. i.e. excluding any pieces that we have but are filtered as not wanted. ``total_wanted`` is the total number of bytes we want to download. This is also excluding pieces that have been filtered. ``num_seeds`` is the number of peers that are seeding that this client is currently connected to. ``distributed_full_copies`` is the number of distributed copies of the torrent. Note that one copy may be spread out among many peers. It tells how many copies there are currently of the rarest piece(s) among the peers this client is connected to. ``distributed_fraction`` tells the share of pieces that have more copies than the rarest piece(s). Divide this number by 1000 to get the fraction. For example, if ``distributed_full_copies`` is 2 and ``distrbuted_fraction`` is 500, it means that the rarest pieces have only 2 copies among the peers this torrent is connected to, and that 50% of all the pieces have more than two copies. If we are a seed, the piece picker is deallocated as an optimization, and piece availability is no longer tracked. In this case the distributed copies members are set to -1. ``distributed_copies`` is a floating point representation of the ``distributed_full_copies`` as the integer part and ``distributed_fraction`` / 1000 as the fraction part. If floating point operations are disabled this value is always -1. ``block_size`` is the size of a block, in bytes. A block is a sub piece, it is the number of bytes that each piece request asks for and the number of bytes that each bit in the ``partial_piece_info``'s bitset represents (see `get_download_queue()`_). This is typically 16 kB, but it may be larger if the pieces are larger. ``num_uploads`` is the number of unchoked peers in this torrent. ``num_connections`` is the number of peer connections this torrent has, including half-open connections that hasn't completed the bittorrent handshake yet. This is always <= ``num_peers``. ``uploads_limit`` is the set limit of upload slots (unchoked peers) for this torrent. ``connections_limit`` is the set limit of number of connections for this torrent. ``storage_mode`` is one of ``storage_mode_allocate``, ``storage_mode_sparse`` or ``storage_mode_compact``. Identifies which storage mode this torrent is being saved with. See `Storage allocation`_. ``up_bandwidth_queue`` and ``down_bandwidth_queue`` are the number of peers in this torrent that are waiting for more bandwidth quota from the torrent rate limiter. This can determine if the rate you get from this torrent is bound by the torrents limit or not. If there is no limit set on this torrent, the peers might still be waiting for bandwidth quota from the global limiter, but then they are counted in the ``session_status`` object. ``all_time_upload`` and ``all_time_download`` are accumulated upload and download payload byte counters. They are saved in and restored from resume data to keep totals across sessions. ``active_time`` and ``seeding_time`` are second counters. They keep track of the number of seconds this torrent has been active (not paused) and the number of seconds it has been active while being a seed. ``seeding_time`` should be >= ``active_time`` They are saved in and restored from resume data, to keep totals across sessions. ``seed_rank`` is a rank of how important it is to seed the torrent, it is used to determine which torrents to seed and which to queue. It is based on the peer to seed ratio from the tracker scrape. For more information, see queuing_. ``last_scrape`` is the number of seconds since this torrent acquired scrape data. If it has never done that, this value is -1. ``has_incoming`` is true if there has ever been an incoming connection attempt to this torrent.' ``sparse_regions`` the number of regions of non-downloaded pieces in the torrent. This is an interesting metric on windows vista, since there is a limit on the number of sparse regions in a single file there. ``seed_mode`` is true if the torrent is in seed_mode. If the torrent was started in seed mode, it will leave seed mode once all pieces have been checked or as soon as one piece fails the hash check. ``upload_mode`` is true if the torrent is blocked from downloading. This typically happens when a disk write operation fails. If the torrent is auto-managed, it will periodically be taken out of this state, in the hope that the disk condition (be it disk full or permission errors) has been resolved. If the torrent is not auto-managed, you have to explicitly take it out of the upload mode by calling `set_upload_mode()`_ on the torrent_handle_. peer_info ========= It contains the following fields:: struct peer_info { enum { interesting = 0x1, choked = 0x2, remote_interested = 0x4, remote_choked = 0x8, supports_extensions = 0x10, local_connection = 0x20, handshake = 0x40, connecting = 0x80, queued = 0x100, on_parole = 0x200, seed = 0x400, optimistic_unchoke = 0x800, snubbed = 0x1000, upload_only = 0x2000, rc4_encrypted = 0x100000, plaintext_encrypted = 0x200000 }; unsigned int flags; enum peer_source_flags { tracker = 0x1, dht = 0x2, pex = 0x4, lsd = 0x8 }; int source; enum bw_state { bw_idle, bw_limit, bw_network, bw_disk }; char read_state; char write_state; asio::ip::tcp::endpoint ip; int up_speed; int down_speed; int payload_up_speed; int payload_down_speed; size_type total_download; size_type total_upload; peer_id pid; bitfield pieces; int upload_limit; int download_limit; time_duration last_request; time_duration last_active; int request_timeout; int send_buffer_size; int used_send_buffer; int receive_buffer_size; int used_receive_buffer; int num_hashfails; char country[2]; std::string inet_as_name; int inet_as; size_type load_balancing; int requests_in_buffer; int download_queue_length; int upload_queue_length; int failcount; int downloading_piece_index; int downloading_block_index; int downloading_progress; int downloading_total; std::string client; enum { standard_bittorrent = 0, web_seed = 1 }; int connection_type; int remote_dl_rate; int pending_disk_bytes; int send_quota; int receive_quota; int rtt; int num_pieces; int download_rate_peak; int upload_rate_peak; float progress; int progress_ppm; }; The ``flags`` attribute tells you in which state the peer is. It is set to any combination of the enums above. The following table describes each flag: +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | ``interesting`` | **we** are interested in pieces from this peer. | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | ``choked`` | **we** have choked this peer. | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | ``remote_interested`` | the peer is interested in **us** | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | ``remote_choked`` | the peer has choked **us**. | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | ``support_extensions`` | means that this peer supports the | | | `extension protocol`__. | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | ``local_connection`` | The connection was initiated by us, the peer has a | | | listen port open, and that port is the same as in the | | | address of this peer. If this flag is not set, this | | | peer connection was opened by this peer connecting to | | | us. | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | ``handshake`` | The connection is opened, and waiting for the | | | handshake. Until the handshake is done, the peer | | | cannot be identified. | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | ``connecting`` | The connection is in a half-open state (i.e. it is | | | being connected). | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | ``queued`` | The connection is currently queued for a connection | | | attempt. This may happen if there is a limit set on | | | the number of half-open TCP connections. | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | ``on_parole`` | The peer has participated in a piece that failed the | | | hash check, and is now "on parole", which means we're | | | only requesting whole pieces from this peer until | | | it either fails that piece or proves that it doesn't | | | send bad data. | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | ``seed`` | This peer is a seed (it has all the pieces). | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | ``optimistic_unchoke`` | This peer is subject to an optimistic unchoke. It has | | | been unchoked for a while to see if it might unchoke | | | us in return an earn an upload/unchoke slot. If it | | | doesn't within some period of time, it will be choked | | | and another peer will be optimistically unchoked. | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | ``snubbed`` | This peer has recently failed to send a block within | | | the request timeout from when the request was sent. | | | We're currently picking one block at a time from this | | | peer. | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | ``upload_only`` | This peer has either explicitly (with an extension) | | | or implicitly (by becoming a seed) told us that it | | | will not downloading anything more, regardless of | | | which pieces we have. | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ __ extension_protocol.html ``source`` is a combination of flags describing from which sources this peer was received. The flags are: +------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+ | ``tracker`` | The peer was received from the tracker. | +------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+ | ``dht`` | The peer was received from the kademlia DHT. | +------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+ | ``pex`` | The peer was received from the peer exchange | | | extension. | +------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+ | ``lsd`` | The peer was received from the local service | | | discovery (The peer is on the local network). | +------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+ | ``resume_data`` | The peer was added from the fast resume data. | +------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+ ``read_state`` and ``write_state`` indicates what state this peer is in with regards to sending and receiving data. The states are declared in the ``bw_state`` enum and defines as follows: +------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+ | ``bw_idle`` | The peer is not waiting for any external events to | | | send or receive data. | | | | +------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+ | ``bw_limit`` | The peer is waiting for the rate limiter. | | | | +------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+ | ``bw_network`` | The peer has quota and is currently waiting for a | | | network read or write operation to complete. This is | | | the state all peers are in if there are no bandwidth | | | limits. | | | | +------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+ | ``bw_disk`` | The peer is waiting for the disk I/O thread to catch | | | up writing buffers to disk before downloading more. | | | | +------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+ The ``ip`` field is the IP-address to this peer. The type is an asio endpoint. For more info, see the asio_ documentation. .. _asio: http://asio.sf.net ``up_speed`` and ``down_speed`` contains the current upload and download speed we have to and from this peer (including any protocol messages). The transfer rates of payload data only are found in ``payload_up_speed`` and ``payload_down_speed``. These figures are updated approximately once every second. ``total_download`` and ``total_upload`` are the total number of bytes downloaded from and uploaded to this peer. These numbers do not include the protocol chatter, but only the payload data. ``pid`` is the peer's id as used in the bit torrent protocol. This id can be used to extract 'fingerprints' from the peer. Sometimes it can tell you which client the peer is using. See identify_client()_ ``pieces`` is a bitfield, with one bit per piece in the torrent. Each bit tells you if the peer has that piece (if it's set to 1) or if the peer miss that piece (set to 0). ``seed`` is true if this peer is a seed. ``upload_limit`` is the number of bytes per second we are allowed to send to this peer every second. It may be -1 if there's no local limit on the peer. The global limit and the torrent limit is always enforced anyway. ``download_limit`` is the number of bytes per second this peer is allowed to receive. -1 means it's unlimited. ``last_request`` and ``last_active`` is the time since we last sent a request to this peer and since any transfer occurred with this peer, respectively. ``request_timeout`` is the number of seconds until the current front piece request will time out. This timeout can be adjusted through ``session_settings::request_timeout``. -1 means that there is not outstanding request. ``send_buffer_size`` and ``used_send_buffer`` is the number of bytes allocated and used for the peer's send buffer, respectively. ``receive_buffer_size`` and ``used_receive_buffer`` are the number of bytes allocated and used as receive buffer, respectively. ``num_hashfails`` is the number of pieces this peer has participated in sending us that turned out to fail the hash check. ``country`` is the two letter `ISO 3166 country code`__ for the country the peer is connected from. If the country hasn't been resolved yet, both chars are set to 0. If the resolution failed for some reason, the field is set to "--". If the resolution service returns an invalid country code, it is set to "!!". The ``countries.nerd.dk`` service is used to look up countries. This field will remain set to 0 unless the torrent is set to resolve countries, see `resolve_countries()`_. __ http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/02iso-3166-code-lists/list-en1.html ``inet_as_name`` is the name of the AS this peer is located in. This might be an empty string if there is no name in the geo ip database. ``inet_as`` is the AS number the peer is located in. ``load_balancing`` is a measurement of the balancing of free download (that we get) and free upload that we give. Every peer gets a certain amount of free upload, but this member says how much *extra* free upload this peer has got. If it is a negative number it means that this was a peer from which we have got this amount of free download. ``requests_in_buffer`` is the number of requests messages that are currently in the send buffer waiting to be sent. ``download_queue_length`` is the number of piece-requests we have sent to this peer that hasn't been answered with a piece yet. ``upload_queue_length`` is the number of piece-requests we have received from this peer that we haven't answered with a piece yet. ``failcount`` is the number of times this peer has "failed". i.e. failed to connect or disconnected us. The failcount is decremented when we see this peer in a tracker response or peer exchange message. You can know which piece, and which part of that piece, that is currently being downloaded from a specific peer by looking at the next four members. ``downloading_piece_index`` is the index of the piece that is currently being downloaded. This may be set to -1 if there's currently no piece downloading from this peer. If it is >= 0, the other three members are valid. ``downloading_block_index`` is the index of the block (or sub-piece) that is being downloaded. ``downloading_progress`` is the number of bytes of this block we have received from the peer, and ``downloading_total`` is the total number of bytes in this block. ``client`` is a string describing the software at the other end of the connection. In some cases this information is not available, then it will contain a string that may give away something about which software is running in the other end. In the case of a web seed, the server type and version will be a part of this string. ``connection_type`` can currently be one of ``standard_bittorrent`` or ``web_seed``. These are currently the only implemented protocols. ``remote_dl_rate`` is an estimate of the rate this peer is downloading at, in bytes per second. ``pending_disk_bytes`` is the number of bytes this peer has pending in the disk-io thread. Downloaded and waiting to be written to disk. This is what is capped by ``session_settings::max_queued_disk_bytes``. ``send_quota`` and ``receive_quota`` are the number of bytes this peer has been assigned to be allowed to send and receive until it has to request more quota from the bandwidth manager. ``rtt`` is an estimated round trip time to this peer, in milliseconds. It is estimated by timing the the tcp ``connect()``. It may be 0 for incoming connections. ``num_pieces`` is the number of pieces this peer has. ``download_rate_peak`` and ``upload_rate_peak`` are the highest download and upload rates seen on this connection. They are given in bytes per second. This number is reset to 0 on reconnect. ``progress`` is the progress of the peer in the range [0, 1]. This is always 0 when floating point operations are diabled, instead use ``progress_ppm``. ``progress_ppm`` indicates the download progress of the peer in the range [0, 1000000] (parts per million). session customization ===================== You have some control over session configuration through the ``session_settings`` object. You create it and fill it with your settings and then use ``session::set_settings()`` to apply them. You have control over proxy and authorization settings and also the user-agent that will be sent to the tracker. The user-agent will also be used to identify the client with other peers. presets ------- The default values of the session settings are set for a regular bittorrent client running on a desktop system. There are functions that can set the session settings to pre set settings for other environments. These can be used for the basis, and should be tweaked to fit your needs better. :: session_settings min_memory_usage(); session_settings high_performance_seed(); ``min_memory_usage`` returns settings that will use the minimal amount of RAM, at the potential expense of upload and download performance. It adjusts the socket buffer sizes, disables the disk cache, lowers the send buffer watermarks so that each connection only has at most one block in use at any one time. It lowers the outstanding blocks send to the disk I/O thread so that connections only have one block waiting to be flushed to disk at any given time. It lowers the max number of peers in the peer list for torrents. It performs multiple smaller reads when it hashes pieces, instead of reading it all into memory before hashing. This configuration is inteded to be the starting point for embedded devices. It will significantly reduce memory usage. ``high_performance_seed`` returns settings optimized for a seed box, serving many peers and that doesn't do any downloading. It has a 128 MB disk cache and has a limit of 400 files in its file pool. It support fast upload rates by allowing large send buffers. session_settings ---------------- :: struct session_settings { session_settings(); std::string user_agent; int tracker_completion_timeout; int tracker_receive_timeout; int stop_tracker_timeout; int tracker_maximum_response_length; int piece_timeout; float request_queue_time; int max_allowed_in_request_queue; int max_out_request_queue; int whole_pieces_threshold; int peer_timeout; int urlseed_timeout; int urlseed_pipeline_size; int file_pool_size; bool allow_multiple_connections_per_ip; int max_failcount; int min_reconnect_time; int peer_connect_timeout; bool ignore_limits_on_local_network; int connection_speed; bool send_redundant_have; bool lazy_bitfields; int inactivity_timeout; int unchoke_interval; int optimistic_unchoke_interval; address announce_ip; int num_want; int initial_picker_threshold; int allowed_fast_set_size; int max_queued_disk_bytes; int handshake_timeout; bool use_dht_as_fallback; bool free_torrent_hashes; bool upnp_ignore_nonrouters; int send_buffer_watermark; bool auto_upload_slots; bool auto_upload_slots_rate_based; bool use_parole_mode; int cache_size; int cache_buffer_chunk_size; int cache_expiry; bool use_read_cache; bool disk_io_no_buffer; std::pair outgoing_ports; char peer_tos; int active_downloads; int active_seeds; int active_limit; bool auto_manage_prefer_seeds; bool dont_count_slow_torrents; int auto_manage_interval; float share_ratio_limit; float seed_time_ratio_limit; int seed_time_limit; bool close_redundant_connections; int auto_scrape_interval; int auto_scrape_min_interval; int max_peerlist_size; int min_announce_interval; bool prioritize_partial_pieces; int auto_manage_startup; bool rate_limit_ip_overhead; bool announce_to_all_trackers; bool announce_to_all_tiers; bool prefer_udp_trackers; bool strict_super_seeding; int seeding_piece_quota; int max_sparse_regions; bool lock_disk_cache; int max_rejects; int recv_socket_buffer_size; int send_socket_buffer_size; bool optimize_hashing_for_speed; int file_checks_delay_per_block; enum disk_cache_algo_t { lru, largest_contiguous }; disk_cache_algo_t disk_cache_algorithm; int read_cache_line_size; int write_cache_line_size; int optimistic_disk_retry; bool disable_hash_check; int max_suggest_pieces; }; ``user_agent`` this is the client identification to the tracker. The recommended format of this string is: "ClientName/ClientVersion libtorrent/libtorrentVersion". This name will not only be used when making HTTP requests, but also when sending extended headers to peers that support that extension. ``tracker_completion_timeout`` is the number of seconds the tracker connection will wait from when it sent the request until it considers the tracker to have timed-out. Default value is 60 seconds. ``tracker_receive_timeout`` is the number of seconds to wait to receive any data from the tracker. If no data is received for this number of seconds, the tracker will be considered as having timed out. If a tracker is down, this is the kind of timeout that will occur. The default value is 20 seconds. ``stop_tracker_timeout`` is the time to wait for tracker responses when shutting down the session object. This is given in seconds. Default is 10 seconds. ``tracker_maximum_response_length`` is the maximum number of bytes in a tracker response. If a response size passes this number it will be rejected and the connection will be closed. On gzipped responses this size is measured on the uncompressed data. So, if you get 20 bytes of gzip response that'll expand to 2 megs, it will be interrupted before the entire response has been uncompressed (given your limit is lower than 2 megs). Default limit is 1 megabyte. ``piece_timeout`` controls the number of seconds from a request is sent until it times out if no piece response is returned. ``request_queue_time`` is the length of the request queue given in the number of seconds it should take for the other end to send all the pieces. i.e. the actual number of requests depends on the download rate and this number. ``max_allowed_in_request_queue`` is the number of outstanding block requests a peer is allowed to queue up in the client. If a peer sends more requests than this (before the first one has been handled) the last request will be dropped. The higher this is, the faster upload speeds the client can get to a single peer. ``max_out_request_queue`` is the maximum number of outstanding requests to send to a peer. This limit takes precedence over ``request_queue_time``. i.e. no matter the download speed, the number of outstanding requests will never exceed this limit. ``whole_pieces_threshold`` is a limit in seconds. if a whole piece can be downloaded in at least this number of seconds from a specific peer, the peer_connection will prefer requesting whole pieces at a time from this peer. The benefit of this is to better utilize disk caches by doing localized accesses and also to make it easier to identify bad peers if a piece fails the hash check. ``peer_timeout`` is the number of seconds the peer connection should wait (for any activity on the peer connection) before closing it due to time out. This defaults to 120 seconds, since that's what's specified in the protocol specification. After half the time out, a keep alive message is sent. ``urlseed_timeout`` is the same as ``peer_timeout`` but applies only to url seeds. This value defaults to 20 seconds. ``urlseed_pipeline_size`` controls the pipelining with the web server. When using persistent connections to HTTP 1.1 servers, the client is allowed to send more requests before the first response is received. This number controls the number of outstanding requests to use with url-seeds. Default is 5. ``file_pool_size`` is the the upper limit on the total number of files this session will keep open. The reason why files are left open at all is that some anti virus software hooks on every file close, and scans the file for viruses. deferring the closing of the files will be the difference between a usable system and a completely hogged down system. Most operating systems also has a limit on the total number of file descriptors a process may have open. It is usually a good idea to find this limit and set the number of connections and the number of files limits so their sum is slightly below it. ``allow_multiple_connections_per_ip`` determines if connections from the same IP address as existing connections should be rejected or not. Multiple connections from the same IP address is not allowed by default, to prevent abusive behavior by peers. It may be useful to allow such connections in cases where simulations are run on the same machie, and all peers in a swarm has the same IP address. ``max_failcount`` is the maximum times we try to connect to a peer before stop connecting again. If a peer succeeds, the failcounter is reset. If a peer is retrieved from a peer source (other than DHT) the failcount is decremented by one, allowing another try. ``min_reconnect_time`` is the time to wait between connection attempts. If the peer fails, the time is multiplied by fail counter. ``peer_connect_timeout`` the number of seconds to wait after a connection attempt is initiated to a peer until it is considered as having timed out. The default is 10 seconds. This setting is especially important in case the number of half-open connections are limited, since stale half-open connection may delay the connection of other peers considerably. ``ignore_limits_on_local_network``, if set to true, upload, download and unchoke limits are ignored for peers on the local network. ``connection_speed`` is the number of connection attempts that are made per second. If a number <= 0 is specified, it will default to 200 connections per second. ``send_redundant_have`` controls if have messages will be sent to peers that already have the piece. This is typically not necessary, but it might be necessary for collecting statistics in some cases. Default is false. ``lazy_bitfields`` prevents outgoing bitfields from being full. If the client is seed, a few bits will be set to 0, and later filled in with have-messages. This is to prevent certain ISPs from stopping people from seeding. ``inactivity_timeout``, if a peer is uninteresting and uninterested for longer than this number of seconds, it will be disconnected. Default is 10 minutes ``unchoke_interval`` is the number of seconds between chokes/unchokes. On this interval, peers are re-evaluated for being choked/unchoked. This is defined as 30 seconds in the protocol, and it should be significantly longer than what it takes for TCP to ramp up to it's max rate. ``optimistic_unchoke_interval`` is the number of seconds between each *optimistic* unchoke. On this timer, the currently optimistically unchoked peer will change. ``announce_ip`` is the ip address passed along to trackers as the ``&ip=`` parameter. If left as the default (default constructed), that parameter is ommited. ``num_want`` is the number of peers we want from each tracker request. It defines what is sent as the ``&num_want=`` parameter to the tracker. ``initial_picker_threshold`` specifies the number of pieces we need before we switch to rarest first picking. This defaults to 4, which means the 4 first pieces in any torrent are picked at random, the following pieces are picked in rarest first order. ``allowed_fast_set_size`` is the number of pieces we allow peers to download from us without being unchoked. ``max_queued_disk_bytes`` is the number maximum number of bytes, to be written to disk, that can wait in the disk I/O thread queue. This queue is only for waiting for the disk I/O thread to receive the job and either write it to disk or insert it in the write cache. When this limit is reached, the peer connections will stop reading data from their sockets, until the disk thread catches up. Setting this too low will severly limit your download rate. ``handshake_timeout`` specifies the number of seconds we allow a peer to delay responding to a protocol handshake. If no response is received within this time, the connection is closed. ``use_dht_as_fallback`` determines how the DHT is used. If this is true, the DHT will only be used for torrents where all trackers in its tracker list has failed. Either by an explicit error message or a time out. This is false by default, which means the DHT is used by default regardless of if the trackers fail or not. ``free_torrent_hashes`` determines whether or not the torrent's piece hashes are kept in memory after the torrent becomes a seed or not. If it is set to ``true`` the hashes are freed once the torrent is a seed (they're not needed anymore since the torrent won't download anything more). If it's set to false they are not freed. If they are freed, the torrent_info_ returned by get_torrent_info() will return an object that may be incomplete, that cannot be passed back to `add_torrent()`_ for instance. ``upnp_ignore_nonrouters`` indicates whether or not the UPnP implementation should ignore any broadcast response from a device whose address is not the configured router for this machine. i.e. it's a way to not talk to other people's routers by mistake. ``send_buffer_waterbark`` is the upper limit of the send buffer low-watermark. if the send buffer has fewer bytes than this, we'll read another 16kB block onto it. If set too small, upload rate capacity will suffer. If set too high, memory will be wasted. The actual watermark may be lower than this in case the upload rate is low, this is the upper limit. ``auto_upload_slots`` defaults to true. When true, if there is a global upload limit set and the current upload rate is less than 90% of that, another upload slot is opened. If the upload rate has been saturated for an extended period of time, on upload slot is closed. The number of upload slots will never be less than what has been set by ``session::set_max_uploads()``. To query the current number of upload slots, see ``session_status::allowed_upload_slots``. When ``auto_upload_slots_rate_based`` is set, and ``auto_upload_slots`` is set, the max upload slots setting is used as a minimum number of unchoked slots. This algorithm is designed to prevent the peer from spreading its upload capacity too thin, but still open more slots in order to utilize the full capacity. ``use_parole_mode`` specifies if parole mode should be used. Parole mode means that peers that participate in pieces that fail the hash check are put in a mode where they are only allowed to download whole pieces. If the whole piece a peer in parole mode fails the hash check, it is banned. If a peer participates in a piece that passes the hash check, it is taken out of parole mode. ``cache_size`` is the disk write and read cache. It is specified in units of 16 KiB blocks. It defaults to 1024 (= 16 MB). Buffers that are part of a peer's send or receive buffer also count against this limit. Send and receive buffers will never be denied to be allocated, but they will cause the actual cached blocks to be flushed or evicted. Disk buffers are allocated using a pool allocator, the number of blocks that are allocated at a time when the pool needs to grow can be specified in ``cache_buffer_chunk_size``. This defaults to 16 blocks. Lower numbers saves memory at the expense of more heap allocations. It must be at least 1. ``cache_expiry`` is the number of seconds from the last cached write to a piece in the write cache, to when it's forcefully flushed to disk. Default is 60 second. ``use_read_cache``, is set to true (default), the disk cache is also used to cache pieces read from disk. Blocks for writing pieces takes presedence. ``disk_io_no_buffer`` defaults to true. When set to true, files are preferred to be opened in unbuffered mode. This helps the operating system from growing its file cache indefinitely. Currently only files whose offset in the torrent is page aligned are opened in unbuffered mode. A page is typically 4096 bytes and since blocks in bittorrent are 16kB, any file that is aligned to a block or piece will get the benefit of be opened in unbuffered mode. It is therefore recommended to make the largest file in a torrent the first file (with offset 0) or use pad files to align all files to piece boundries. ``outgoing_ports``, if set to something other than (0, 0) is a range of ports used to bind outgoing sockets to. This may be useful for users whose router allows them to assign QoS classes to traffic based on its local port. It is a range instead of a single port because of the problems with failing to reconnect to peers if a previous socket to that peer and port is in ``TIME_WAIT`` state. ``peer_tos`` determines the TOS byte set in the IP header of every packet sent to peers (including web seeds). The default value for this is ``0x0`` (no marking). One potentially useful TOS mark is ``0x20``, this represents the *QBone scavenger service*. For more details, see QBSS_. .. _`QBSS`: http://qbone.internet2.edu/qbss/ ``active_downloads`` and ``active_seeds`` controls how many active seeding and downloading torrents the queuing mechanism allows. The target number of active torrents is ``min(active_downloads + active_seeds, active_limit)``. ``active_downloads`` and ``active_seeds`` are upper limits on the number of downloading torrents and seeding torrents respectively. Setting the value to -1 means unlimited. For example if there are 10 seeding torrents and 10 downloading torrents, and ``active_downloads`` is 4 and ``active_seeds`` is 4, there will be 4 seeds active and 4 downloading torrents. If the settings are ``active_downloads`` = 2 and ``active_seeds`` = 4, then there will be 2 downloading torrents and 4 seeding torrents active. Torrents that are not auto managed are also counted against these limits. If there are non-auto managed torrents that use up all the slots, no auto managed torrent will be activated. ``auto_manage_prefer_seeds`` specifies if libtorrent should prefer giving seeds active slots or downloading torrents. The default is ``false``. if ``dont_count_slow_torrents`` is true, torrents without any payload transfers are not subject to the ``active_seeds`` and ``active_downloads`` limits. This is intended to make it more likely to utilize all available bandwidth, and avoid having torrents that don't transfer anything block the active slots. ``active_limit`` is a hard limit on the number of active torrents. This applies even to slow torrents. ``auto_manage_interval`` is the number of seconds between the torrent queue is updated, and rotated. ``share_ratio_limit`` is the upload / download ratio limit for considering a seeding torrent have met the seed limit criteria. See queuing_. ``seed_time_ratio_limit`` is the seeding time / downloading time ratio limit for considering a seeding torrent to have met the seed limit criteria. See queuing_. ``seed_time_limit`` is the limit on the time a torrent has been an active seed (specified in seconds) before it is considered having met the seed limit criteria. See queuing_. ``close_redundant_connections`` specifies whether libtorrent should close connections where both ends have no utility in keeping the connection open. For instance if both ends have completed their downloads, there's no point in keeping it open. This defaults to ``true``. ``auto_scrape_interval`` is the number of seconds between scrapes of queued torrents (auto managed and paused torrents). Auto managed torrents that are paused, are scraped regularly in order to keep track of their downloader/seed ratio. This ratio is used to determine which torrents to seed and which to pause. ``auto_scrape_min_interval`` is the minimum number of seconds between any automatic scrape (regardless of torrent). In case there are a large number of paused auto managed torrents, this puts a limit on how often a scrape request is sent. ``max_peerlist_size`` is the maximum number of peers in the list of known peers. These peers are not necessarily connected, so this number should be much greater than the maximum number of connected peers. Peers are evicted from the cache when the list grows passed 90% of this limit, and once the size hits the limit, peers are no longer added to the list. If this limit is set to 0, there is no limit on how many peers we'll keep in the peer list. ``max_paused_peerlist_size`` is the max peer list size used for torrents that are paused. This default to the same as ``max_peerlist_size``, but can be used to save memory for paused torrents, since it's not as important for them to keep a large peer list. ``min_announce_interval`` is the minimum allowed announce interval for a tracker. This is specified in seconds, defaults to 5 minutes and is used as a sanity check on what is returned from a tracker. It mitigates hammering misconfigured trackers. If ``prioritize_partial_pieces`` is true, partial pieces are picked before pieces that are more rare. If false, rare pieces are always prioritized, unless the number of partial pieces is growing out of proportion. ``auto_manage_startup`` is the number of seconds a torrent is considered active after it was started, regardless of upload and download speed. This is so that newly started torrents are not considered inactive until they have a fair chance to start downloading. If ``rate_limit_ip_overhead`` is set to true, the estimated TCP/IP overhead is drained from the rate limiters, to avoid exceeding the limits with the total traffic ``announce_to_all_trackers`` controls how multi tracker torrents are treated. If this is set to true, all trackers in the same tier are announced to in parallel. If all trackers in tier 0 fails, all trackers in tier 1 are announced as well. If it's set to false, the behavior is as defined by the multi tracker specification. It defaults to false, which is the same behavior previous versions of libtorrent has had as well. ``announce_to_all_tiers`` also controls how multi tracker torrents are treated. When this is set to true, one tracker from each tier is announced to. This is the uTorrent behavior. This is false by default in order to comply with the multi-tracker specification. ``prefer_udp_trackers`` is true by default. It means that trackers may be rearranged in a way that udp trackers are always tried before http trackers for the same hostname. Setting this to fails means that the trackers' tier is respected and there's no preference of one protocol over another. ``strict_super_seeding`` when this is set to true, a piece has to have been forwarded to a third peer before another one is handed out. This is the traditional definition of super seeding. ``seeding_piece_quota`` is the number of pieces to send to a peer, when seeding, before rotating in another peer to the unchoke set. It defaults to 3 pieces, which means that when seeding, any peer we've sent more than this number of pieces to will be unchoked in favour of a choked peer. ``max_sparse_regions`` is a limit of the number of *sparse regions* in a torrent. A sparse region is defined as a hole of pieces we have not yet downloaded, in between pieces that have been downloaded. This is used as a hack for windows vista which has a bug where you cannot write files with more than a certain number of sparse regions. This limit is not hard, it will be exceeded. Once it's exceeded, pieces that will maintain or decrease the number of sparse regions are prioritized. To disable this functionality, set this to 0. It defaults to 0 on all platforms except windows. ``lock_disk_cache`` if lock disk cache is set to true the disk cache that's in use, will be locked in physical memory, preventing it from being swapped out. ``max_rejects`` is the number of piece requests we will reject in a row while a peer is choked before the peer is considered abusive and is disconnected. ``recv_socket_buffer_size`` and ``send_socket_buffer_size`` specifies the buffer sizes set on peer sockets. 0 (which is the default) means the OS default (i.e. don't change the buffer sizes). The socket buffer sizes are changed using setsockopt() with SOL_SOCKET/SO_RCVBUF and SO_SNDBUFFER. ``optimize_hashing_for_speed`` chooses between two ways of reading back piece data from disk when its complete and needs to be verified against the piece hash. This happens if some blocks were flushed to the disk out of order. Everything that is flushed in order is hashed as it goes along. Optimizing for speed will allocate space to fit all the the remaingin, unhashed, part of the piece, reads the data into it in a single call and hashes it. This is the default. If ``optimizing_hashing_for_speed`` is false, a single block will be allocated (16 kB), and the unhashed parts of the piece are read, one at a time, and hashed in this single block. This is appropriate on systems that are memory constrained. ``file_checks_delay_per_block`` is the number of milliseconds to sleep in between disk read operations when checking torrents. This defaults to 0, but can be set to higher numbers to slow down the rate at which data is read from the disk while checking. This may be useful for background tasks that doesn't matter if they take a bit longer, as long as they leave disk I/O time for other processes. ``disk_cache_algorithm`` tells the disk I/O thread which cache flush algorithm to use. The default (and original) algorithm is LRU. This flushes the entire piece, in the write cache, that was least recently written to. This is specified by the ``session_settings::lru`` enum value. ``session_settings::largest_contiguous`` will flush the largest sequences of contiguous blocks from the write cache, regarless of the piece's last use time. ``read_cache_line_size`` is the number of blocks to read into the read cache when a read cache miss occurs. Setting this to 0 is essentially the same thing as disabling read cache. The number of blocks read into the read cache is always capped by the piece boundry. When a piece in the write cache has ``write_cache_line_size`` contiguous blocks in it, they will be flushed. Setting this to 1 effectively disables the write cache. ``optimistic_disk_retry`` is the number of seconds from a disk write errors occur on a torrent until libtorrent will take it out of the upload mode, to test if the error condition has been fixed. libtorrent will only do this automatically for auto managed torrents. You can explicitly take a torrent out of upload only mode using `set_upload_mode()`_. ``disable_hash_check`` controls if downloaded pieces are verified against the piece hashes in the torrent file or not. The default is false, i.e. to verify all downloaded data. It may be useful to turn this off for performance profiling and simulation scenarios. Do not disable the hash check for regular bittorrent clients. ``max_suggest_pieces`` is the max number of suggested piece indices received from a peer that's remembered. If a peer floods suggest messages, this limit prevents libtorrent from using too much RAM. It defaults to 10. pe_settings =========== The ``pe_settings`` structure is used to control the settings related to peer protocol encryption:: struct pe_settings { pe_settings(); enum enc_policy { forced, enabled, disabled }; enum enc_level { plaintext, rc4, both }; enc_policy out_enc_policy; enc_policy in_enc_policy; enc_level allowed_enc_level; bool prefer_rc4; }; ``in_enc_policy`` and ``out_enc_policy`` control the settings for incoming and outgoing connections respectively. The settings for these are: * ``forced`` - Only encrypted connections are allowed. Incoming connections that are not encrypted are closed and if the encrypted outgoing connection fails, a non-encrypted retry will not be made. * ``enabled`` - encrypted connections are enabled, but non-encrypted connections are allowed. An incoming non-encrypted connection will be accepted, and if an outgoing encrypted connection fails, a non- encrypted connection will be tried. * ``disabled`` - only non-encrypted connections are allowed. ``allowed_enc_level`` determines the encryption level of the connections. This setting will adjust which encryption scheme is offered to the other peer, as well as which encryption scheme is selected by the client. The settings are: * ``plaintext`` - only the handshake is encrypted, the bulk of the traffic remains unchanged. * ``rc4`` - the entire stream is encrypted with RC4 * ``both`` - both RC4 and plaintext connections are allowed. ``prefer_rc4`` can be set to true if you want to prefer the RC4 encrypted stream. proxy_settings ============== The ``proxy_settings`` structs contains the information needed to direct certain traffic to a proxy. :: struct proxy_settings { proxy_settings(); std::string hostname; int port; std::string username; std::string password; enum proxy_type { none, socks4, socks5, socks5_pw, http, http_pw }; proxy_type type; }; ``hostname`` is the name or IP of the proxy server. ``port`` is the port number the proxy listens to. If required, ``username`` and ``password`` can be set to authenticate with the proxy. The ``type`` tells libtorrent what kind of proxy server it is. The following options are available: * ``none`` - This is the default, no proxy server is used, all other fields are ignored. * ``socks4`` - The server is assumed to be a `SOCKS4 server`_ that requires a username. * ``socks5`` - The server is assumed to be a SOCKS5 server (`RFC 1928`_) that does not require any authentication. The username and password are ignored. * ``socks5_pw`` - The server is assumed to be a SOCKS5 server that supports plain text username and password authentication (`RFC 1929`_). The username and password specified may be sent to the proxy if it requires. * ``http`` - The server is assumed to be an HTTP proxy. If the transport used for the connection is non-HTTP, the server is assumed to support the CONNECT_ method. i.e. for web seeds and HTTP trackers, a plain proxy will suffice. The proxy is assumed to not require authorization. The username and password will not be used. * ``http_pw`` - The server is assumed to be an HTTP proxy that requires user authorization. The username and password will be sent to the proxy. .. _`SOCKS4 server`: http://www.ufasoft.com/doc/socks4_protocol.htm .. _`RFC 1928`: http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1928.html .. _`RFC 1929`: http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1929.html .. _CONNECT: draft-luotonen-web-proxy-tunneling-01.txt ip_filter ========= The ``ip_filter`` class is a set of rules that uniquely categorizes all ip addresses as allowed or disallowed. The default constructor creates a single rule that allows all addresses (0.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255 for the IPv4 range, and the equivalent range covering all addresses for the IPv6 range). :: template struct ip_range { Addr first; Addr last; int flags; }; class ip_filter { public: enum access_flags { blocked = 1 }; ip_filter(); void add_rule(address first, address last, int flags); int access(address const& addr) const; typedef boost::tuple > , std::vector > > filter_tuple_t; filter_tuple_t export_filter() const; }; ip_filter() ----------- :: ip_filter() Creates a default filter that doesn't filter any address. postcondition: ``access(x) == 0`` for every ``x`` add_rule() ---------- :: void add_rule(address first, address last, int flags); Adds a rule to the filter. ``first`` and ``last`` defines a range of ip addresses that will be marked with the given flags. The ``flags`` can currently be 0, which means allowed, or ``ip_filter::blocked``, which means disallowed. precondition: ``first.is_v4() == last.is_v4() && first.is_v6() == last.is_v6()`` postcondition: ``access(x) == flags`` for every ``x`` in the range [``first``, ``last``] This means that in a case of overlapping ranges, the last one applied takes precedence. access() -------- :: int access(address const& addr) const; Returns the access permissions for the given address (``addr``). The permission can currently be 0 or ``ip_filter::blocked``. The complexity of this operation is O(``log`` n), where n is the minimum number of non-overlapping ranges to describe the current filter. export_filter() --------------- :: boost::tuple > , std::vector > > export_filter() const; This function will return the current state of the filter in the minimum number of ranges possible. They are sorted from ranges in low addresses to high addresses. Each entry in the returned vector is a range with the access control specified in its ``flags`` field. The return value is a tuple containing two range-lists. One for IPv4 addresses and one for IPv6 addresses. big_number ========== Both the ``peer_id`` and ``sha1_hash`` types are typedefs of the class ``big_number``. It represents 20 bytes of data. Its synopsis follows:: class big_number { public: bool operator==(const big_number& n) const; bool operator!=(const big_number& n) const; bool operator<(const big_number& n) const; const unsigned char* begin() const; const unsigned char* end() const; unsigned char* begin(); unsigned char* end(); }; The iterators gives you access to individual bytes. bitfield ======== The bitfiled type stores any number of bits as a bitfield in an array. :: class bitfield { bitfield(); bitfield(int bits); bitfield(int bits, bool val); bitfield(char const* bytes, int bits); bitfield(bitfield const& rhs); void borrow_bytes(char* bytes, int bits); ~bitfield(); void assign(char const* bytes, int bits); bool operator[](int index) const; bool get_bit(int index) const; void clear_bit(int index); void set_bit(int index); std::size_t size() const; bool empty() const; char const* bytes() const; bitfield& operator=(bitfield const& rhs); int count() const; typedef const_iterator; const_iterator begin() const; const_iterator end() const; void resize(int bits, bool val); void set_all(); void clear_all(); void resize(int bits); }; hasher ====== This class creates sha1-hashes. Its declaration looks like this:: class hasher { public: hasher(); hasher(char const* data, unsigned int len); void update(char const* data, unsigned int len); sha1_hash final(); void reset(); }; You use it by first instantiating it, then call ``update()`` to feed it with data. i.e. you don't have to keep the entire buffer of which you want to create the hash in memory. You can feed the hasher parts of it at a time. When You have fed the hasher with all the data, you call ``final()`` and it will return the sha1-hash of the data. The constructor that takes a ``char const*`` and an integer will construct the sha1 context and feed it the data passed in. If you want to reuse the hasher object once you have created a hash, you have to call ``reset()`` to reinitialize it. The sha1-algorithm used was implemented by Steve Reid and released as public domain. For more info, see ``src/sha1.cpp``. fingerprint =========== The fingerprint class represents information about a client and its version. It is used to encode this information into the client's peer id. This is the class declaration:: struct fingerprint { fingerprint(const char* id_string, int major, int minor , int revision, int tag); std::string to_string() const; char name[2]; char major_version; char minor_version; char revision_version; char tag_version; }; The constructor takes a ``char const*`` that should point to a string constant containing exactly two characters. These are the characters that should be unique for your client. Make sure not to clash with anybody else. Here are some taken id's: +----------+-----------------------+ | id chars | client | +==========+=======================+ | 'AZ' | Azureus | +----------+-----------------------+ | 'LT' | libtorrent (default) | +----------+-----------------------+ | 'BX' | BittorrentX | +----------+-----------------------+ | 'MT' | Moonlight Torrent | +----------+-----------------------+ | 'TS' | Torrent Storm | +----------+-----------------------+ | 'SS' | Swarm Scope | +----------+-----------------------+ | 'XT' | Xan Torrent | +----------+-----------------------+ There's currently an informal directory of client id's here__. __ http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentSpecification#peer_id The ``major``, ``minor``, ``revision`` and ``tag`` parameters are used to identify the version of your client. All these numbers must be within the range [0, 9]. ``to_string()`` will generate the actual string put in the peer-id, and return it. UPnP and NAT-PMP ================ The ``upnp`` and ``natpmp`` classes contains the state for all UPnP and NAT-PMP mappings, by default 1 or two mappings are made by libtorrent, one for the listen port and one for the DHT port (UDP). :: class upnp { public: enum protocol_type { none = 0, udp = 1, tcp = 2 }; int add_mapping(protocol_type p, int external_port, int local_port); void delete_mapping(int mapping_index); void discover_device(); void close(); std::string router_model(); }; class natpmp { public: enum protocol_type { none = 0, udp = 1, tcp = 2 }; int add_mapping(protocol_type p, int external_port, int local_port); void delete_mapping(int mapping_index); void close(); void rebind(address const& listen_interface); }; ``discover_device()``, ``close()`` and ``rebind()`` are for internal uses and should not be called directly by clients. add_mapping ----------- :: int add_mapping(protocol_type p, int external_port, int local_port); Attempts to add a port mapping for the specified protocol. Valid protocols are ``upnp::tcp`` and ``upnp::udp`` for the UPnP class and ``natpmp::tcp`` and ``natpmp::udp`` for the NAT-PMP class. ``external_port`` is the port on the external address that will be mapped. This is a hint, you are not guaranteed that this port will be available, and it may end up being something else. In the portmap_alert_ notification, the actual external port is reported. ``local_port`` is the port in the local machine that the mapping should forward to. The return value is an index that identifies this port mapping. This is used to refer to mappings that fails or succeeds in the portmap_error_alert_ and portmap_alert_ respectively. If The mapping fails immediately, the return value is -1, which means failure. There will not be any error alert notification for mappings that fail with a -1 return value. delete_mapping -------------- :: void delete_mapping(int mapping_index); This function removes a port mapping. ``mapping_index`` is the index that refers to the mapping you want to remove, which was returned from add_mapping_. router_model() -------------- :: std::string router_model(); This is only available for UPnP routers. If the model is advertized by the router, it can be queried through this function. free functions ============== identify_client() ----------------- :: std::string identify_client(peer_id const& id); This function is declared in the header ````. It can can be used to extract a string describing a client version from its peer-id. It will recognize most clients that have this kind of identification in the peer-id. client_fingerprint() -------------------- :: boost::optional client_fingerprint(peer_id const& p); Returns an optional fingerprint if any can be identified from the peer id. This can be used to automate the identification of clients. It will not be able to identify peers with non- standard encodings. Only Azureus style, Shadow's style and Mainline style. This function is declared in the header ````. bdecode() bencode() ------------------- :: template entry bdecode(InIt start, InIt end); template void bencode(OutIt out, const entry& e); These functions will encode data to bencoded_ or decode bencoded_ data. .. _bencoded: http://wiki.theory.org/index.php/BitTorrentSpecification The entry_ class is the internal representation of the bencoded data and it can be used to retrieve information, an entry_ can also be build by the program and given to ``bencode()`` to encode it into the ``OutIt`` iterator. The ``OutIt`` and ``InIt`` are iterators (InputIterator_ and OutputIterator_ respectively). They are templates and are usually instantiated as ostream_iterator_, back_insert_iterator_ or istream_iterator_. These functions will assume that the iterator refers to a character (``char``). So, if you want to encode entry ``e`` into a buffer in memory, you can do it like this:: std::vector buffer; bencode(std::back_inserter(buf), e); .. _InputIterator: http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/InputIterator.html .. _OutputIterator: http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/OutputIterator.html .. _ostream_iterator: http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/ostream_iterator.html .. _back_insert_iterator: http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/back_insert_iterator.html .. _istream_iterator: http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/istream_iterator.html If you want to decode a torrent file from a buffer in memory, you can do it like this:: std::vector buffer; // ... entry e = bdecode(buf.begin(), buf.end()); Or, if you have a raw char buffer:: const char* buf; // ... entry e = bdecode(buf, buf + data_size); Now we just need to know how to retrieve information from the entry_. If ``bdecode()`` encounters invalid encoded data in the range given to it it will throw libtorrent_exception_. add_magnet_uri() ---------------- :: torrent_handle add_magnet_uri(session& ses, std::string const& uri add_torrent_params p); torrent_handle add_magnet_uri(session& ses, std::string const& uri add_torrent_params p, error_code& ec); This function parses the magnet URI (``uri``) as a bittorrent magnet link, and adds the torrent to the specified session (``ses``). It returns the handle to the newly added torrent, or an invalid handle in case parsing failed. To control some initial settings of the torrent, sepcify those in the ``add_torrent_params``, ``p``. See `add_torrent()`_. The overload that does not take an ``error_code`` throws an exception on error and is not available when building without exception support. For more information about magnet links, see `magnet links`_. make_magnet_uri() ----------------- :: std::string make_magnet_uri(torrent_handle const& handle); Generates a magnet URI from the specified torrent. If the torrent handle is invalid, an empty string is returned. For more information about magnet links, see `magnet links`_. alerts ====== The ``pop_alert()`` function on session is the interface for retrieving alerts, warnings, messages and errors from libtorrent. If no alerts have been posted by libtorrent ``pop_alert()`` will return a default initialized ``auto_ptr`` object. If there is an alert in libtorrent's queue, the alert from the front of the queue is popped and returned. You can then use the alert object and query By default, only errors are reported. `set_alert_mask()`_ can be used to specify which kinds of events should be reported. The alert mask is a bitmask with the following bits: +--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``error_notification`` | Enables alerts that report an error. This includes: | | | | | | * tracker errors | | | * tracker warnings | | | * file errors | | | * resume data failures | | | * web seed errors | | | * .torrent files errors | | | * listen socket errors | | | * port mapping errors | +--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``peer_notification`` | Enables alerts when peers send invalid requests, get banned or | | | snubbed. | +--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``port_mapping_notification`` | Enables alerts for port mapping events. For NAT-PMP and UPnP. | +--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``storage_notification`` | Enables alerts for events related to the storage. File errors and | | | synchronization events for moving the storage, renaming files etc. | +--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``tracker_notification`` | Enables all tracker events. Includes announcing to trackers, | | | receiving responses, warnings and errors. | +--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``debug_notification`` | Low level alerts for when peers are connected and disconnected. | +--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``status_notification`` | Enables alerts for when a torrent or the session changes state. | +--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``progress_notification`` | Alerts for when blocks are requested and completed. Also when | | | pieces are completed. | +--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``ip_block_notification`` | Alerts when a peer is blocked by the ip blocker or port blocker. | +--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``performance_warning`` | Alerts when some limit is reached that might limit the download | | | or upload rate. | +--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``all_categories`` | The full bitmask, representing all available categories. | +--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+ Every alert belongs to one or more category. There is a small cost involved in posting alerts. Only alerts that belong to an enabled category are posted. Setting the alert bitmask to 0 will disable all alerts When you get an alert, you can use ``typeid()`` or ``dynamic_cast<>`` to get more detailed information on exactly which type it is. i.e. what kind of error it is. You can also use a dispatcher_ mechanism that's available in libtorrent. All alert types are defined in the ```` header file. The ``alert`` class is the base class that specific messages are derived from. This is its synopsis: .. parsed-literal:: class alert { public: enum category_t { error_notification = *implementation defined*, peer_notification = *implementation defined*, port_mapping_notification = *implementation defined*, storage_notification = *implementation defined*, tracker_notification = *implementation defined*, debug_notification = *implementation defined*, status_notification = *implementation defined*, progress_notification = *implementation defined*, ip_block_notification = *implementation defined*, performance_warning = *implementation defined*, dht_notification = *implementation defined*, all_categories = *implementation defined* }; ptime timestamp() const; virtual ~alert(); virtual std::string message() const = 0; virtual char const* what() const = 0; virtual int category() const = 0; virtual std::auto_ptr clone() const = 0; }; ``what()`` returns a string literal describing the type of the alert. It does not include any information that might be bundled with the alert. ``category()`` returns a bitmask specifying which categories this alert belong to. ``clone()`` returns a pointer to a copy of the alert. ``message()`` generate a string describing the alert and the information bundled with it. This is mainly intended for debug and development use. It is not suitable to use this for applications that may be localized. Instead, handle each alert type individually and extract and render the information from the alert depending on the locale. There's another alert base class that most alerts derives from, all the alerts that are generated for a specific torrent are derived from:: struct torrent_alert: alert { // ... torrent_handle handle; }; There's also a base class for all alerts referring to tracker events:: struct tracker_alert: torrent_alert { // ... std::string url; }; The specific alerts are: read_piece_alert ---------------- This alert is posted when the asynchronous read operation initiated by a call to `read_piece()`_ is completed. If the read failed, the torrent is paused and an error state is set and the buffer member of the alert is 0. If successful, ``buffer`` points to a buffer containing all the data of the piece. ``piece`` is the piece index that was read. ``size`` is the number of bytes that was read. :: struct read_piece_alert: torrent_alert { // ... boost::shared_ptr buffer; int piece; int size; }; external_ip_alert ----------------- Whenever libtorrent learns about the machines external IP, this alert is generated. The external IP address can be acquired from the tracker (if it supports that) or from peers that supports the extension protocol. The address can be accessed through the ``external_address`` member. :: struct external_ip_alert: alert { // ... address external_address; }; listen_failed_alert ------------------- This alert is generated when none of the ports, given in the port range, to session_ can be opened for listening. The ``endpoint`` member is the interface and port that failed, ``error`` is the error code describing the failure. :: struct listen_failed_alert: alert { // ... tcp::endpoint endpoint; error_code error; }; listen_succeeded_alert ---------------------- This alert is posted when the listen port succeeds to be opened on a particular interface. ``endpoint`` is the endpoint that successfully was opened for listening. :: struct listen_succeeded_alert: alert { // ... tcp::endpoint endpoint; }; portmap_error_alert ------------------- This alert is generated when a NAT router was successfully found but some part of the port mapping request failed. It contains a text message that may help the user figure out what is wrong. This alert is not generated in case it appears the client is not running on a NAT:ed network or if it appears there is no NAT router that can be remote controlled to add port mappings. ``mapping`` refers to the mapping index of the port map that failed, i.e. the index returned from add_mapping_. ``type`` is 0 for NAT-PMP and 1 for UPnP. ``error`` tells you what failed. :: struct portmap_error_alert: alert { // ... int mapping; int type; error_code error; }; portmap_alert ------------- This alert is generated when a NAT router was successfully found and a port was successfully mapped on it. On a NAT:ed network with a NAT-PMP capable router, this is typically generated once when mapping the TCP port and, if DHT is enabled, when the UDP port is mapped. ``mapping`` refers to the mapping index of the port map that failed, i.e. the index returned from add_mapping_. ``external_port`` is the external port allocated for the mapping. ``type`` is 0 for NAT-PMP and 1 for UPnP. :: struct portmap_alert: alert { // ... int mapping; int external_port; int type; }; portmap_log_alert ----------------- This alert is generated to log informational events related to either UPnP or NAT-PMP. They contain a log line and the type (0 = NAT-PMP and 1 = UPnP). Displaying these messages to an end user is only useful for debugging the UPnP or NAT-PMP implementation. :: struct portmap_log_alert: alert { //... int type; std::string msg; }; file_error_alert ---------------- If the storage fails to read or write files that it needs access to, this alert is generated and the torrent is paused. ``file`` is the path to the file that was accessed when the error occurred. ``error`` is the error code describing the error. :: struct file_error_alert: torrent_alert { // ... std::string file; error_code error; }; file_renamed_alert ------------------ This is posted as a response to a ``torrent_handle::rename_file`` call, if the rename operation succeeds. :: struct file_renamed_alert: torrent_alert { // ... std::string name; int index; }; The ``index`` member refers to the index of the file that was renamed, ``name`` is the new name of the file. file_rename_failed_alert ------------------------ This is posted as a response to a ``torrent_handle::rename_file`` call, if the rename operation failed. :: struct file_rename_failed_alert: torrent_alert { // ... int index; error_code error; }; The ``index`` member refers to the index of the file that was supposed to be renamed, ``error`` is the error code returned from the filesystem. tracker_announce_alert ---------------------- This alert is generated each time a tracker announce is sent (or attempted to be sent). There are no extra data members in this alert. The url can be found in the base class however. :: struct tracker_announce_alert: tracker_alert { // ... int event; }; Event specifies what event was sent to the tracker. It is defined as: 0. None 1. Completed 2. Started 3. Stopped tracker_error_alert ------------------- This alert is generated on tracker time outs, premature disconnects, invalid response or a HTTP response other than "200 OK". From the alert you can get the handle to the torrent the tracker belongs to. The ``times_in_row`` member says how many times in a row this tracker has failed. ``status_code`` is the code returned from the HTTP server. 401 means the tracker needs authentication, 404 means not found etc. If the tracker timed out, the code will be set to 0. :: struct tracker_error_alert: tracker_alert { // ... int times_in_row; int status_code; }; tracker_reply_alert ------------------- This alert is only for informational purpose. It is generated when a tracker announce succeeds. It is generated regardless what kind of tracker was used, be it UDP, HTTP or the DHT. :: struct tracker_reply_alert: tracker_alert { // ... int num_peers; }; The ``num_peers`` tells how many peers were returned from the tracker. This is not necessarily all new peers, some of them may already be connected. dht_reply_alert --------------- This alert is generated each time the DHT receives peers from a node. ``num_peers`` is the number of peers we received in this packet. Typically these packets are received from multiple DHT nodes, and so the alerts are typically generated a few at a time. :: struct dht_reply_alert: tracker_alert { // ... int num_peers; }; tracker_warning_alert --------------------- This alert is triggered if the tracker reply contains a warning field. Usually this means that the tracker announce was successful, but the tracker has a message to the client. The ``msg`` string in the alert contains the warning message from the tracker. :: struct tracker_warning_alert: tracker_alert { // ... std::string msg; }; scrape_reply_alert ------------------ This alert is generated when a scrape request succeeds. ``incomplete`` and ``complete`` is the data returned in the scrape response. These numbers may be -1 if the reponse was malformed. :: struct scrape_reply_alert: tracker_alert { // ... int incomplete; int complete; }; scrape_failed_alert ------------------- If a scrape request fails, this alert is generated. This might be due to the tracker timing out, refusing connection or returning an http response code indicating an error. ``msg`` contains a message describing the error. :: struct scrape_failed_alert: tracker_alert { // ... std::string msg; }; url_seed_alert -------------- This alert is generated when a HTTP seed name lookup fails. It contains ``url`` to the HTTP seed that failed along with an error message. :: struct url_seed_alert: torrent_alert { // ... std::string url; }; hash_failed_alert ----------------- This alert is generated when a finished piece fails its hash check. You can get the handle to the torrent which got the failed piece and the index of the piece itself from the alert. :: struct hash_failed_alert: torrent_alert { // ... int piece_index; }; peer_alert ---------- The peer alert is a base class for alerts that refer to a specific peer. It includes all the information to identify the peer. i.e. ``ip`` and ``peer-id``. :: struct peer_alert: torrent_alert { // ... tcp::endpoint ip; peer_id pid; }; peer_connect_alert ------------------ This alert is posted every time an outgoing peer connect attempts succeeds. :: struct peer_connect_alert: peer_alert { // ... }; peer_ban_alert -------------- This alert is generated when a peer is banned because it has sent too many corrupt pieces to us. ``ip`` is the endpoint to the peer that was banned. :: struct peer_ban_alert: peer_alert { // ... }; peer_snubbed_alert ------------------ This alert is generated when a peer is snubbed, when it stops sending data when we request it. :: struct peer_snubbed_alert: peer_alert { // ... }; peer_unsnubbed_alert -------------------- This alert is generated when a peer is unsnubbed. Essentially when it was snubbed for stalling sending data, and now it started sending data again. :: struct peer_unsnubbed_alert: peer_alert { // ... }; peer_error_alert ---------------- This alert is generated when a peer sends invalid data over the peer-peer protocol. The peer will be disconnected, but you get its ip address from the alert, to identify it. The ``error_code`` tells you what error caused this alert. :: struct peer_error_alert: peer_alert { // ... error_code error; }; peer_connected_alert -------------------- This alert is generated when a peer is connected. :: struct peer_connected_alert: peer_alert { // ... }; peer_disconnected_alert ----------------------- This alert is generated when a peer is disconnected for any reason (other than the ones covered by ``peer_error_alert``). The ``error_code`` tells you what error caused peer to disconnect. :: struct peer_disconnected_alert: peer_alert { // ... error_code error; }; invalid_request_alert --------------------- This is a debug alert that is generated by an incoming invalid piece request. ``ìp`` is the address of the peer and the ``request`` is the actual incoming request from the peer. :: struct invalid_request_alert: peer_alert { // ... peer_request request; }; struct peer_request { int piece; int start; int length; bool operator==(peer_request const& r) const; }; The ``peer_request`` contains the values the client sent in its ``request`` message. ``piece`` is the index of the piece it want data from, ``start`` is the offset within the piece where the data should be read, and ``length`` is the amount of data it wants. request_dropped_alert --------------------- This alert is generated when a peer rejects or ignores a piece request. :: struct request_dropped_alert: peer_alert { // ... int block_index; int piece_index; }; block_timeout_alert ------------------- This alert is generated when a block request times out. :: struct block_timeout_alert: peer_alert { // ... int block_index; int piece_index; }; block_finished_alert -------------------- This alert is generated when a block request receives a response. :: struct block_finished_alert: peer_alert { // ... int block_index; int piece_index; }; file_completed_alert -------------------- This is posted whenever an individual file completes its download. i.e. All pieces overlapping this file have passed their hash check. :: struct file_completed_alert: torrent_alert { // ... int index; }; The ``index`` member refers to the index of the file that completed. block_downloading_alert ----------------------- This alert is generated when a block request is sent to a peer. :: struct block_downloading_alert: peer_alert { // ... int block_index; int piece_index; }; unwanted_block_alert -------------------- This alert is generated when a block is received that was not requested or whose request timed out. :: struct unwanted_block_alert: peer_alert { // ... int block_index; int piece_index; }; torrent_delete_failed_alert --------------------------- This alert is generated when a request to delete the files of a torrent fails. The ``error_code`` tells you why it failed. :: struct torrent_delete_failed_alert: torrent_alert { // ... error_code error; }; torrent_finished_alert ---------------------- This alert is generated when a torrent switches from being a downloader to a seed. It will only be generated once per torrent. It contains a torrent_handle to the torrent in question. There are no additional data members in this alert. performance_alert ----------------- This alert is generated when a limit is reached that might have a negative impact on upload or download rate performance. :: struct performance_alert: torrent_alert { // ... enum performance_warning_t { outstanding_disk_buffer_limit_reached, outstanding_request_limit_reached, upload_limit_too_low, download_limit_too_low, send_buffer_watermark_too_low }; performance_warning_t warning_code; }; state_changed_alert ------------------- Generated whenever a torrent changes its state. :: struct state_changed_alert: torrent_alert { // ... torrent_status::state_t state; torrent_status::state_t prev_state; }; ``state`` is the new state of the torrent. ``prev_state`` is the previous state. metadata_failed_alert --------------------- This alert is generated when the metadata has been completely received and the info-hash failed to match it. i.e. the metadata that was received was corrupt. libtorrent will automatically retry to fetch it in this case. This is only relevant when running a torrent-less download, with the metadata extension provided by libtorrent. There are no additional data members in this alert. metadata_received_alert ----------------------- This alert is generated when the metadata has been completely received and the torrent can start downloading. It is not generated on torrents that are started with metadata, but only those that needs to download it from peers (when utilizing the libtorrent extension). There are no additional data members in this alert. fastresume_rejected_alert ------------------------- This alert is generated when a fastresume file has been passed to ``add_torrent`` but the files on disk did not match the fastresume file. The ``error_code`` explains the reason why the resume file was rejected. :: struct fastresume_rejected_alert: torrent_alert { // ... error_code error; }; peer_blocked_alert ------------------ This alert is generated when a peer is blocked by the IP filter. The ``ip`` member is the address that was blocked. :: struct peer_blocked_alert: torrent_alert { // ... address ip; }; storage_moved_alert ------------------- The ``storage_moved_alert`` is generated when all the disk IO has completed and the files have been moved, as an effect of a call to ``torrent_handle::move_storage``. This is useful to synchronize with the actual disk. The ``path`` member is the new path of the storage. :: struct storage_moved_alert: torrent_alert { // ... std::string path; }; storage_moved_failed_alert -------------------------- The ``storage_moved_failed_alert`` is generated when an attempt to move the storage (via torrent_handle::move_storage()) fails. :: struct storage_moved_failed_alert: torrent_alert { // ... error_code error; }; torrent_paused_alert -------------------- This alert is generated as a response to a ``torrent_handle::pause`` request. It is generated once all disk IO is complete and the files in the torrent have been closed. This is useful for synchronizing with the disk. There are no additional data members in this alert. torrent_resumed_alert --------------------- This alert is generated as a response to a ``torrent_handle::resume`` request. It is generated when a torrent goes from a paused state to an active state. There are no additional data members in this alert. save_resume_data_alert ---------------------- This alert is generated as a response to a ``torrent_handle::save_resume_data`` request. It is generated once the disk IO thread is done writing the state for this torrent. The ``resume_data`` member points to the resume data. :: struct save_resume_data_alert: torrent_alert { // ... boost::shared_ptr resume_data; }; save_resume_data_failed_alert ----------------------------- This alert is generated instead of ``save_resume_data_alert`` if there was an error generating the resume data. ``error`` describes what went wrong. :: struct save_resume_data_failed_alert: torrent_alert { // ... error_code error; }; dht_announce_alert ------------------ This alert is generated when a DHT node announces to an info-hash on our DHT node. It belongs to the ``dht_notification`` category. :: struct dht_announce_alert: alert { // ... address ip; int port; sha1_hash info_hash; }; dht_get_peers_alert ------------------- This alert is generated when a DHT node sends a ``get_peers`` message to our DHT node. It belongs to the ``dht_notification`` category. :: struct dht_get_peers_alert: alert { // ... sha1_hash info_hash; }; dispatcher ---------- The ``handle_alert`` class is defined in ````. Examples usage:: struct my_handler { void operator()(portmap_error_alert const& a) const { std::cout << "Portmapper: " << a.msg << std::endl; } void operator()(tracker_warning_alert const& a) const { std::cout << "Tracker warning: " << a.msg << std::endl; } void operator()(torrent_finished_alert const& a) const { // write fast resume data // ... std::cout << a.handle.get_torrent_info().name() << "completed" << std::endl; } }; :: std::auto_ptr a; a = ses.pop_alert(); my_handler h; while (a.get()) { handle_alert::handle_alert(h, a); a = ses.pop_alert(); } In this example 3 alert types are used. You can use any number of template parameters to select between more types. If the number of types are more than 15, you can define ``TORRENT_MAX_ALERT_TYPES`` to a greater number before including ````. exceptions ========== Many functions in libtorrent have two versions, one that throws exceptions on errors and one that takes an ``error_code`` reference which is filled with the error code on errors. There is one exception class that is used for errors in libtorrent, it is based on boost.system's ``error_code`` class to carry the error code. libtorrent_exception -------------------- :: struct libtorrent_exception: std::exception { libtorrent_exception(error_code const& s); virtual const char* what() const throw(); virtual ~libtorrent_exception() throw() {} boost::system::error_code error() const; }; error_code ========== libtorrent uses boost.system's ``error_code`` class to represent errors. libtorrent has its own error category (``libtorrent::libtorrent_category``) whith the following error codes: ====== ========================================= ================================================================= code symbol description ====== ========================================= ================================================================= 0 no_error Not an error ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1 file_collision Two torrents has files which end up overwriting each other ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 2 failed_hash_check A piece did not match its piece hash ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 3 torrent_is_no_dict The .torrent file does not contain a bencoded dictionary at its top level ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 4 torrent_missing_info The .torrent file does not have an ``info`` dictionary ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 5 torrent_info_no_dict The .torrent file's ``info`` entry is not a dictionary ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 6 torrent_missing_piece_length The .torrent file does not have a ``piece length`` entry ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 7 torrent_missing_name The .torrent file does not have a ``name`` entry ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 8 torrent_invalid_name The .torrent file's name entry is invalid ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 9 torrent_invalid_length The length of a file, or of the whole .torrent file is invalid. Either negative or not an integer ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 10 torrent_file_parse_failed Failed to parse a file entry in the .torrent ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 11 torrent_missing_pieces The ``pieces`` field is missing or invalid in the .torrent file ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 12 torrent_invalid_hashes The ``pieces`` string has incorrect length ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 13 too_many_pieces_in_torrent The .torrent file has more pieces than is supported by libtorrent ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 14 invalid_swarm_metadata The metadata (.torrent file) that was received from the swarm matched the info-hash, but failed to be parsed ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 15 invalid_bencoding The file or buffer is not correctly bencoded ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 16 no_files_in_torrent The .torrent file does not contain any files ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 17 invalid_escaped_string The string was not properly url-encoded as expected ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 18 session_is_closing Operation is not permitted since the session is shutting down ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 19 duplicate_torrent There's already a torrent with that info-hash added to the session ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 20 invalid_torrent_handle The supplied torrent_handle is not referring to a valid torrent ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 21 invalid_entry_type The type requested from the entry did not match its type ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 22 missing_info_hash_in_uri The specified URI does not contain a valid info-hash ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 23 file_too_short One of the files in the torrent was unexpectadly small. This might be caused by files being changed by an external process ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 24 unsupported_url_protocol The URL used an unknown protocol. Currently ``http`` and ``https`` (if built with openssl support) are recognized. For trackers ``udp`` is recognized as well. ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 25 url_parse_error The URL did not conform to URL syntax and failed to be parsed ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 26 peer_sent_empty_piece The peer sent a 'piece' message of length 0 ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 27 parse_failed A bencoded structure was currupt and failed to be parsed ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 28 invalid_file_tag The fast resume file was missing or had an invalid file version tag ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 29 missing_info_hash The fast resume file was missing or had an invalid info-hash ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 30 mismatching_info_hash The info-hash in the resume file did not match the torrent ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 31 invalid_hostname The URL contained an invalid hostname ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 32 invalid_port The URL had an invalid port ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 33 port_blocked The port is blocked by the port-filter, and prevented the connection ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 34 expected_close_bracket_in_address The IPv6 address was expected to end with ']' ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 35 destructing_torrent The torrent is being destructed, preventing the operation to succeed ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 36 timed_out The connection timed out ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 37 upload_upload_connection The peer is upload only, and we are upload only. There's no point in keeping the connection ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 38 uninteresting_upload_peer The peer is upload only, and we're not interested in it. There's no point in keeping the connection ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 39 invalid_info_hash The peer sent an unknown info-hash ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 40 torrent_paused The torrent is paused, preventing the operation from succeeding ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 41 invalid_have The peer sent an invalid have message, either wrong size or referring to a piece that doesn't exist in the torrent ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 42 invalid_bitfield_size The bitfield message had the incorrect size ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 43 too_many_requests_when_choked The peer kept requesting pieces after it was choked, possible abuse attempt. ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 44 invalid_piece The peer sent a piece message that does not correspond to a piece request sent by the client ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 45 no_memory memory allocation failed ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 46 torrent_aborted The torrent is aborted, preventing the operation to succeed ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 47 self_connection The peer is a connection to ourself, no point in keeping it ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 48 invalid_piece_size The peer sent a piece message with invalid size, either negative or greater than one block ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 49 timed_out_no_interest The peer has not been interesting or interested in us for too long, no point in keeping it around ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 50 timed_out_inactivity The peer has not said anything in a long time, possibly dead ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 51 timed_out_no_handshake The peer did not send a handshake within a reasonable amount of time, it might not be a bittorrent peer ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 52 timed_out_no_request The peer has been unchoked for too long without requesting any data. It might be lying about its interest in us ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 53 invalid_choke The peer sent an invalid choke message ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 54 invalid_unchoke The peer send an invalid unchoke message ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 55 invalid_interested The peer sent an invalid interested message ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 56 invalid_not_interested The peer sent an invalid not-interested message ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 57 invalid_request The peer sent an invalid piece request message ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 58 invalid_hash_list The peer sent an invalid hash-list message (this is part of the merkle-torrent extension) ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 59 invalid_hash_piece The peer sent an invalid hash-piece message (this is part of the merkle-torrent extension) ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 60 invalid_cancel The peer sent an invalid cancel message ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 61 invalid_dht_port The peer sent an invalid DHT port-message ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 62 invalid_suggest The peer sent an invalid suggest piece-message ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 63 invalid_have_all The peer sent an invalid have all-message ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 64 invalid_have_none The peer sent an invalid have none-message ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 65 invalid_reject The peer sent an invalid reject message ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 66 invalid_allow_fast The peer sent an invalid allow fast-message ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 67 invalid_extended The peer sent an invalid extesion message ID ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 68 invalid_message The peer sent an invalid message ID ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 69 sync_hash_not_found The synchronization hash was not found in the encrypted handshake ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 70 invalid_encryption_constant The encryption constant in the handshake is invalid ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 71 no_plaintext_mode The peer does not support plaintext, which is the selected mode ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 72 no_rc4_mode The peer does not support rc4, which is the selected mode ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 73 unsupported_encryption_mode The peer does not support any of the encryption modes that the client supports ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 74 unsupported_encryption_mode_selected The peer selected an encryption mode that the client did not advertise and does not support ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 75 invalid_pad_size The pad size used in the encryption handshake is of invalid size ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 76 invalid_encrypt_handshake The encryption handshake is invalid ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 77 no_incoming_encrypted The client is set to not support incoming encrypted connections and this is an encrypted connection ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 78 no_incoming_regular The client is set to not support incoming regular bittorrent connections, and this is a regular connection ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 79 duplicate_peer_id The client is already connected to this peer-ID ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 80 torrent_removed Torrent was removed ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 81 packet_too_large The packet size exceeded the upper sanity check-limit ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 82 http_parse_error Failed to parse HTTP response ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 83 http_error The web server responded with an error ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 84 missing_location The web server response is missing a location header ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 85 invalid_redirection The web seed redirected to a path that no longer matches the .torrent directory structure ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 86 redirecting The connection was closed becaused it redirected to a different URL ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 87 invalid_range The HTTP range header is invalid ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 88 no_content_length The HTTP response did not have a content length ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 89 banned_by_ip_filter The IP is blocked by the IP filter ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 90 too_many_connections At the connection limit ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 91 peer_banned The peer is marked as banned ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 92 stopping_torrent The torrent is stopping, causing the operation to fail ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 93 too_many_corrupt_pieces The peer has sent too many corrupt pieces and is banned ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 94 torrent_not_ready The torrent is not ready to receive peers ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 95 peer_not_constructed The peer is not completely constructed yet ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 96 session_closing The session is closing, causing the operation to fail ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 97 optimistic_disconnect The peer was disconnected in order to leave room for a potentially better peer ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 98 torrent_finished The torrent is finished ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 99 no_router No UPnP router found ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 100 metadata_too_large The metadata message says the metadata exceeds the limit ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 101 invalid_metadata_request The peer sent an invalid metadata request message ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 102 invalid_metadata_size The peer advertised an invalid metadata size ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 103 invalid_metadata_offset The peer sent a message with an invalid metadata offset ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 104 invalid_metadata_message The peer sent an invalid metadata message ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 105 pex_message_too_large The peer sent a peer exchange message that was too large ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 106 invalid_pex_message The peer sent an invalid peer exchange message ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 107 invalid_lt_tracker_message The peer sent an invalid tracker exchange message ====== ========================================= ================================================================= NAT-PMP errors: ====== ========================================= ================================================================= code symbol description ====== ========================================= ================================================================= 108 unsupported_protocol_version The NAT-PMP router responded with an unsupported protocol version ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 109 natpmp_not_authorized You are not authorized to map ports on this NAT-PMP router ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 110 network_failure The NAT-PMP router failed because of a network failure ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 111 no_resources The NAT-PMP router failed because of lack of resources ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 112 unsupported_opcode The NAT-PMP router failed because an unsupported opcode was sent ====== ========================================= ================================================================= fastresume data errors: ====== ========================================= ================================================================= code symbol description ====== ========================================= ================================================================= 113 missing_file_sizes The resume data file is missing the 'file sizes' entry ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 114 no_files_in_resume_data The resume data file 'file sizes' entry is empty ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 115 missing_pieces The resume data file is missing the 'pieces' and 'slots' entry ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 116 mismatching_number_of_files The number of files in the resume data does not match the number of files in the torrent ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 117 mismatching_files_size One of the files on disk has a different size than in the fast resume file ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 118 mismatching_file_timestamp One of the files on disk has a different timestamp than in the fast resume file ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 119 not_a_dictionary The resume data file is not a dictionary ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 120 invalid_blocks_per_piece The 'blocks per piece' entry is invalid in the resume data file ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 121 missing_slots The resume file is missing the 'slots' entry, which is required for torrents with compact allocation ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 122 too_many_slots The resume file contains more slots than the torrent ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 123 invalid_slot_list The 'slot' entry is invalid in the resume data ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 124 invalid_piece_index One index in the 'slot' list is invalid ------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 125 pieces_need_reorder The pieces on disk needs to be re-ordered for the specified allocation mode. This happens if you specify sparse allocation and the files on disk are using compact storage. The pieces needs to be moved to their right position ====== ========================================= ================================================================= The names of these error codes are declared in then ``libtorrent::errors`` namespace. There is also another error category, ``libtorrent::upnp_category``, defining errors retrned by UPnP routers. Here's a (possibly incomplete) list of UPnP error codes: ====== ========================================= ==================================================== code symbol description ====== ========================================= ==================================================== 0 no_error No error ------ ----------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- 402 invalid_argument One of the arguments in the request is invalid ------ ----------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- 501 action_failed The request failed ------ ----------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- 714 value_not_in_array The specified value does not exist in the array ------ ----------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- 715 source_ip_cannot_be_wildcarded The source IP address cannot be wild-carded, but must be fully specified ------ ----------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- 716 external_port_cannot_be_wildcarded The external port cannot be wildcarded, but must be specified ------ ----------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- 718 port_mapping_conflict The port mapping entry specified conflicts with a mapping assigned previously to another client ------ ----------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- 724 internal_port_must_match_external Internal and external port value must be the same ------ ----------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- 725 only_permanent_leases_supported The NAT implementation only supports permanent lease times on port mappings ------ ----------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- 726 remote_host_must_be_wildcard RemoteHost must be a wildcard and cannot be a specific IP addres or DNS name ------ ----------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- 727 external_port_must_be_wildcard ExternalPort must be a wildcard and cannot be a specific port ====== ========================================= ==================================================== The UPnP errors are declared in the ``libtorrent::upnp_errors`` namespace. translating error codes ----------------------- The error_code::message() function will typically return a localized error string, for system errors. That is, errors that belong to the generic or system category. Errors that belong to the libtorrent error category are not localized however, they are only available in english. In order to translate libtorrent errors, compare the error category of the ``error_code`` object against ``libtorrent::libtorrent_category``, and if matches, you know the error code refers to the list above. You can provide your own mapping from error code to string, which is localized. In this case, you cannot rely on ``error_code::message()`` to generate your strings. The numeric values of the errors are part of the API and will stay the same, although new error codes may be appended at the end. Here's a simple example of how to translate error codes:: std::string error_code_to_string(boost::system::error_code const& ec) { if (ec.category() != libtorrent::libtorrent_category) { return ec.message(); } // the error is a libtorrent error int code = ec.value(); static const char const* swedish[] = { "inget fel", "en fil i torrenten kolliderar med en fil från en annan torrent", "hash check misslyckades", "torrent filen är inte en dictionary", "'info'-nyckeln saknas eller är korrupt i torrentfilen", "'info'-fältet är inte en dictionary", "'piece length' fältet saknas eller är korrupt i torrentfilen", "torrentfilen saknar namnfältet", "ogiltigt namn i torrentfilen (kan vara en attack)", // ... more strings here }; // use the default error string in case we don't have it // in our translated list if (code < 0 || code >= sizeof(swedish)/sizeof(swedish[0])) return ec.message(); return swedish[code]; } storage_interface ================= The storage interface is a pure virtual class that can be implemented to customize how and where data for a torrent is stored. The default storage implementation uses regular files in the filesystem, mapping the files in the torrent in the way one would assume a torrent is saved to disk. Implementing your own storage interface makes it possible to store all data in RAM, or in some optimized order on disk (the order the pieces are received for instance), or saving multifile torrents in a single file in order to be able to take advantage of optimized disk-I/O. It is also possible to write a thin class that uses the default storage but modifies some particular behavior, for instance encrypting the data before it's written to disk, and decrypting it when it's read again. The storage interface is based on slots, each slot is 'piece_size' number of bytes. All access is done by writing and reading whole or partial slots. One slot is one piece in the torrent, but the data in the slot does not necessarily correspond to the piece with the same index (in compact allocation mode it won't). The interface looks like this:: struct storage_interface { virtual bool initialize(bool allocate_files) = 0; virtual bool has_any_file() = 0; virtual int readv(file::iovec_t const* bufs, int slot, int offset, int num_bufs) = 0; virtual int writev(file::iovec_t const* bufs, int slot, int offset, int num_bufs) = 0; virtual int sparse_end(int start) const; virtual bool move_storage(fs::path save_path) = 0; virtual bool verify_resume_data(lazy_entry const& rd, error_code& error) = 0; virtual bool write_resume_data(entry& rd) const = 0; virtual bool move_slot(int src_slot, int dst_slot) = 0; virtual bool swap_slots(int slot1, int slot2) = 0; virtual bool swap_slots3(int slot1, int slot2, int slot3) = 0; virtual bool rename_file(int file, std::string const& new_name) = 0; virtual bool release_files() = 0; virtual bool delete_files() = 0; virtual ~storage_interface() {} // non virtual functions disk_buffer_pool* disk_pool(); void set_error(boost::filesystem::path const& file, error_code const& ec) const; error_code const& error() const; std::string const& error_file() const; void clear_error(); }; initialize() ------------ :: bool initialize(bool allocate_files) = 0; This function is called when the storage is to be initialized. The default storage will create directories and empty files at this point. If ``allocate_files`` is true, it will also ``ftruncate`` all files to their target size. Returning ``true`` indicates an error occurred. has_any_file() -------------- :: virtual bool has_any_file() = 0; This function is called when first checking (or re-checking) the storage for a torrent. It should return true if any of the files that is used in this storage exists on disk. If so, the storage will be checked for existing pieces before starting the download. readv() writev() ---------------- :: int readv(file::iovec_t const* buf, int slot, int offset, int num_bufs) = 0; int write(const char* buf, int slot, int offset, int size) = 0; These functions should read or write the data in or to the given ``slot`` at the given ``offset``. It should read or write ``num_bufs`` buffers sequentially, where the size of each buffer is specified in the buffer array ``bufs``. The file::iovec_t type has the following members:: struct iovec_t { void* iov_base; size_t iov_len; }; The return value is the number of bytes actually read or written, or -1 on failure. If it returns -1, the error code is expected to be set to Every buffer in ``bufs`` can be assumed to be page aligned and be of a page aligned size, except for the last buffer of the torrent. The allocated buffer can be assumed to fit a fully page aligned number of bytes though. This is useful when reading and writing the last piece of a file in unbuffered mode. The ``offset`` is aligned to 16 kiB boundries *most of the time*, but there are rare exceptions when it's not. Specifically if the read cache is disabled/or full and a client requests unaligned data, or the file itself is not aligned in the torrent. Most clients request aligned data. sparse_end() ------------ :: int sparse_end(int start) const; This function is optional. It is supposed to return the first piece, starting at ``start`` that is fully contained within a data-region on disk (i.e. non-sparse region). The purpose of this is to skip parts of files that can be known to contain zeros when checking files. move_storage() -------------- :: bool move_storage(fs::path save_path) = 0; This function should move all the files belonging to the storage to the new save_path. The default storage moves the single file or the directory of the torrent. Before moving the files, any open file handles may have to be closed, like ``release_files()``. Returning ``false`` indicates an error occurred. verify_resume_data() -------------------- :: bool verify_resume_data(lazy_entry const& rd, error_code& error) = 0; This function should verify the resume data ``rd`` with the files on disk. If the resume data seems to be up-to-date, return true. If not, set ``error`` to a description of what mismatched and return false. The default storage may compare file sizes and time stamps of the files. Returning ``false`` indicates an error occurred. write_resume_data() ------------------- :: bool write_resume_data(entry& rd) const = 0; This function should fill in resume data, the current state of the storage, in ``rd``. The default storage adds file timestamps and sizes. Returning ``true`` indicates an error occurred. move_slot() ----------- :: bool move_slot(int src_slot, int dst_slot) = 0; This function should copy or move the data in slot ``src_slot`` to the slot ``dst_slot``. This is only used in compact mode. If the storage caches slots, this could be implemented more efficient than reading and writing the data. Returning ``true`` indicates an error occurred. swap_slots() ------------ :: bool swap_slots(int slot1, int slot2) = 0; This function should swap the data in ``slot1`` and ``slot2``. The default storage uses a scratch buffer to read the data into, then moving the other slot and finally writing back the temporary slot's data This is only used in compact mode. Returning ``true`` indicates an error occurred. swap_slots3() ------------- :: bool swap_slots3(int slot1, int slot2, int slot3) = 0; This function should do a 3-way swap, or shift of the slots. ``slot1`` should move to ``slot2``, which should be moved to ``slot3`` which in turn should be moved to ``slot1``. This is only used in compact mode. Returning ``true`` indicates an error occurred. rename_file() ------------- :: bool rename_file(int file, std::string const& new_name) = 0; Rename file with index ``file`` to the thame ``new_name``. If there is an error, ``true`` should be returned. release_files() --------------- :: bool release_files() = 0; This function should release all the file handles that it keeps open to files belonging to this storage. The default implementation just calls ``file_pool::release_files(this)``. Returning ``true`` indicates an error occurred. delete_files() -------------- :: bool delete_files() = 0; This function should delete all files and directories belonging to this storage. Returning ``true`` indicates an error occurred. The ``disk_buffer_pool`` is used to allocate and free disk buffers. It has the following members:: struct disk_buffer_pool : boost::noncopyable { char* allocate_buffer(char const* category); void free_buffer(char* buf); char* allocate_buffers(int blocks, char const* category); void free_buffers(char* buf, int blocks); int block_size() const { return m_block_size; } void release_memory(); }; magnet links ============ Magnet links are URIs that includes an info-hash, a display name and optionally a tracker url. The idea behind magnet links is that an end user can click on a link in a browser and have it handled by a bittorrent application, to start a download, without any .torrent file. The format of the magnet URI is: **magnet:?xt=urn:btih:** *Base32 encoded info-hash* [ **&dn=** *name of download* ] [ **&tr=** *tracker URL* ]* queuing ======= libtorrent supports *queuing*. Which means it makes sure that a limited number of torrents are being downloaded at any given time, and once a torrent is completely downloaded, the next in line is started. Torrents that are *auto managed* are subject to the queuing and the active torrents limits. To make a torrent auto managed, set ``auto_managed`` to true when adding the torrent (see `add_torrent()`_). The limits of the number of downloading and seeding torrents are controlled via ``active_downloads``, ``active_seeds`` and ``active_limit`` in session_settings_. These limits takes non auto managed torrents into account as well. If there are more non-auto managed torrents being downloaded than the ``active_downloads`` setting, any auto managed torrents will be queued until torrents are removed so that the number drops below the limit. The default values are 8 active downloads and 5 active seeds. At a regular interval, torrents are checked if there needs to be any re-ordering of which torrents are active and which are queued. This interval can be controlled via ``auto_manage_interval`` in session_settings_. It defaults to every 30 seconds. For queuing to work, resume data needs to be saved and restored for all torrents. See `save_resume_data()`_. downloading ----------- Torrents that are currently being downloaded or incomplete (with bytes still to download) are queued. The torrents in the front of the queue are started to be actively downloaded and the rest are ordered with regards to their queue position. Any newly added torrent is placed at the end of the queue. Once a torrent is removed or turns into a seed, its queue position is -1 and all torrents that used to be after it in the queue, decreases their position in order to fill the gap. The queue positions are always in a sequence without any gaps. Lower queue position means closer to the front of the queue, and will be started sooner than torrents with higher queue positions. To query a torrent for its position in the queue, or change its position, see: `queue_position() queue_position_up() queue_position_down() queue_position_top() queue_position_bottom()`_. seeding ------- Auto managed seeding torrents are rotated, so that all of them are allocated a fair amount of seeding. Torrents with fewer completed *seed cycles* are prioritized for seeding. A seed cycle is completed when a torrent meets either the share ratio limit (uploaded bytes / downloaded bytes), the share time ratio (time seeding / time downloaing) or seed time limit (time seeded). The relevant settings to control these limits are ``share_ratio_limit``, ``seed_time_ratio_limit`` and ``seed_time_limit`` in session_settings_. fast resume =========== The fast resume mechanism is a way to remember which pieces are downloaded and where they are put between sessions. You can generate fast resume data by calling `save_resume_data()`_ on torrent_handle_. You can then save this data to disk and use it when resuming the torrent. libtorrent will not check the piece hashes then, and rely on the information given in the fast-resume data. The fast-resume data also contains information about which blocks, in the unfinished pieces, were downloaded, so it will not have to start from scratch on the partially downloaded pieces. To use the fast-resume data you simply give it to `add_torrent()`_, and it will skip the time consuming checks. It may have to do the checking anyway, if the fast-resume data is corrupt or doesn't fit the storage for that torrent, then it will not trust the fast-resume data and just do the checking. file format ----------- The file format is a bencoded dictionary containing the following fields: +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``file-format`` | string: "libtorrent resume file" | | | | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``file-version`` | integer: 1 | | | | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``info-hash`` | string, the info hash of the torrent this data is saved for. | | | | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``blocks per piece`` | integer, the number of blocks per piece. Must be: piece_size | | | / (16 * 1024). Clamped to be within the range [1, 256]. It | | | is the number of blocks per (normal sized) piece. Usually | | | each block is 16 * 1024 bytes in size. But if piece size is | | | greater than 4 megabytes, the block size will increase. | | | | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``pieces`` | A string with piece flags, one character per piece. | | | Bit 1 means we have that piece. | | | Bit 2 means we have verified that this piece is correct. | | | This only applies when the torrent is in seed_mode. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``slots`` | list of integers. The list maps slots to piece indices. It | | | tells which piece is on which slot. If piece index is -2 it | | | means it is free, that there's no piece there. If it is -1, | | | means the slot isn't allocated on disk yet. The pieces have | | | to meet the following requirement: | | | | | | If there's a slot at the position of the piece index, | | | the piece must be located in that slot. | | | | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``total_uploaded`` | integer. The number of bytes that have been uploaded in | | | total for this torrent. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``total_downloaded`` | integer. The number of bytes that have been downloaded in | | | total for this torrent. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``active_time`` | integer. The number of seconds this torrent has been active. | | | i.e. not paused. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``seeding_time`` | integer. The number of seconds this torrent has been active | | | and seeding. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``num_seeds`` | integer. An estimate of the number of seeds on this torrent | | | when the resume data was saved. This is scrape data or based | | | on the peer list if scrape data is unavailable. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``num_downloaders`` | integer. An estimate of the number of downloaders on this | | | torrent when the resume data was last saved. This is used as | | | an initial estimate until we acquire up-to-date scrape info. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``upload_rate_limit`` | integer. In case this torrent has a per-torrent upload rate | | | limit, this is that limit. In bytes per second. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``download_rate_limit`` | integer. The download rate limit for this torrent in case | | | one is set, in bytes per second. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``max_connections`` | integer. The max number of peer connections this torrent | | | may have, if a limit is set. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``max_uploads`` | integer. The max number of unchoked peers this torrent may | | | have, if a limit is set. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``seed_mode`` | integer. 1 if the torrent is in seed mode, 0 otherwise. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``file_priority`` | list of integers. One entry per file in the torrent. Each | | | entry is the priority of the file with the same index. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``piece_priority`` | string of bytes. Each byte is interpreted as an integer and | | | is the priority of that piece. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``auto_managed`` | integer. 1 if the torrent is auto managed, otherwise 0. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``sequential_download`` | integer. 1 if the torrent is in sequential download mode, | | | 0 otherwise. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``paused`` | integer. 1 if the torrent is paused, 0 otherwise. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``trackers`` | list of lists of strings. The top level list lists all | | | tracker tiers. Each second level list is one tier of | | | trackers. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``mapped_files`` | list of strings. If any file in the torrent has been | | | renamed, this entry contains a list of all the filenames. | | | In the same order as in the torrent file. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``url-list`` | list of strings. List of url-seed URLs used by this torrent. | | | The urls are expected to be properly encoded and not contain | | | any illegal url characters. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``httpseeds`` | list of strings. List of httpseed URLs used by this torrent. | | | The urls are expected to be properly encoded and not contain | | | any illegal url characters. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``merkle tree`` | string. In case this torrent is a merkle torrent, this is a | | | string containing the entire merkle tree, all nodes, | | | including the root and all leaves. The tree is not | | | necessarily complete, but complete enough to be able to send | | | any piece that we have, indicated by the have bitmask. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``peers`` | list of dictionaries. Each dictionary has the following | | | layout: | | | | | | +----------+-----------------------------------------------+ | | | | ``ip`` | string, the ip address of the peer. This is | | | | | | not a binary representation of the ip | | | | | | address, but the string representation. It | | | | | | may be an IPv6 string or an IPv4 string. | | | | +----------+-----------------------------------------------+ | | | | ``port`` | integer, the listen port of the peer | | | | +----------+-----------------------------------------------+ | | | | | | These are the local peers we were connected to when this | | | fast-resume data was saved. | | | | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``unfinished`` | list of dictionaries. Each dictionary represents an | | | piece, and has the following layout: | | | | | | +-------------+--------------------------------------------+ | | | | ``piece`` | integer, the index of the piece this entry | | | | | | refers to. | | | | +-------------+--------------------------------------------+ | | | | ``bitmask`` | string, a binary bitmask representing the | | | | | | blocks that have been downloaded in this | | | | | | piece. | | | | +-------------+--------------------------------------------+ | | | | ``adler32`` | The adler32 checksum of the data in the | | | | | | blocks specified by ``bitmask``. | | | | | | | | | | +-------------+--------------------------------------------+ | | | | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``file sizes`` | list where each entry corresponds to a file in the file list | | | in the metadata. Each entry has a list of two values, the | | | first value is the size of the file in bytes, the second | | | is the time stamp when the last time someone wrote to it. | | | This information is used to compare with the files on disk. | | | All the files must match exactly this information in order | | | to consider the resume data as current. Otherwise a full | | | re-check is issued. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | ``allocation`` | The allocation mode for the storage. Can be either ``full`` | | | or ``compact``. If this is full, the file sizes and | | | timestamps are disregarded. Pieces are assumed not to have | | | moved around even if the files have been modified after the | | | last resume data checkpoint. | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ threads ======= libtorrent starts 2 or 3 threads. * The first thread is the main thread that will sit idle in a ``select()`` call most of the time. This thread runs the main loop that will send and receive data on all connections. * The second thread is the disk I/O thread. All disk read and write operations are passed to this thread and messages are passed back to the main thread when the operation compeltes. The disk thread also verifies the piece hashes. * The third and forth threads are spawned by asio on systems that don't support non-blocking host name resolution to simulate non-blocking getaddrinfo(). storage allocation ================== There are three modes in which storage (files on disk) are allocated in libtorrent. 1. The traditional *full allocation* mode, where the entire files are filled up with zeros before anything is downloaded. libtorrent will look for sparse files support in the filesystem that is used for storage, and use sparse files or file system zero fill support if present. This means that on NTFS, full allocation mode will only allocate storage for the downloaded pieces. 2. The *compact allocation* mode, where only files are allocated for actual pieces that have been downloaded. 3. The *sparse allocation*, sparse files are used, and pieces are downloaded directly to where they belong. This is the recommended (and default) mode. The allocation mode is selected when a torrent is started. It is passed as an argument to ``session::add_torrent()`` (see `add_torrent()`_). The decision to use full allocation or compact allocation typically depends on whether any files are filtered and if the filesystem supports sparse files. sparse allocation ----------------- On filesystems that supports sparse files, this allocation mode will only use as much space as has been downloaded. * It does not require an allocation pass on startup. * It supports skipping files (setting prioirty to 0 to not download). * Fast resume data will remain valid even when file time stamps are out of date. full allocation --------------- When a torrent is started in full allocation mode, the disk-io thread (see threads_) will make sure that the entire storage is allocated, and fill any gaps with zeros. This will be skipped if the filesystem supports sparse files or automatic zero filling. It will of course still check for existing pieces and fast resume data. The main drawbacks of this mode are: * It may take longer to start the torrent, since it will need to fill the files with zeros on some systems. This delay is linearly dependent on the size of the download. * The download may occupy unnecessary disk space between download sessions. In case sparse files are not supported. * Disk caches usually perform extremely poorly with random access to large files and may slow down a download considerably. The benefits of this mode are: * Downloaded pieces are written directly to their final place in the files and the total number of disk operations will be fewer and may also play nicer to filesystems' file allocation, and reduce fragmentation. * No risk of a download failing because of a full disk during download. Unless sparse files are being used. * The fast resume data will be more likely to be usable, regardless of crashes or out of date data, since pieces won't move around. * Can be used with the filter files feature. compact allocation ------------------ The compact allocation will only allocate as much storage as it needs to keep the pieces downloaded so far. This means that pieces will be moved around to be placed at their final position in the files while downloading (to make sure the completed download has all its pieces in the correct place). So, the main drawbacks are: * More disk operations while downloading since pieces are moved around. * Potentially more fragmentation in the filesystem. * Cannot be used while filtering files. The benefits though, are: * No startup delay, since the files doesn't need allocating. * The download will not use unnecessary disk space. * Disk caches perform much better than in full allocation and raises the download speed limit imposed by the disk. * Works well on filesystems that doesn't support sparse files. The algorithm that is used when allocating pieces and slots isn't very complicated. For the interested, a description follows. storing a piece: 1. let **A** be a newly downloaded piece, with index **n**. 2. let **s** be the number of slots allocated in the file we're downloading to. (the number of pieces it has room for). 3. if **n** >= **s** then allocate a new slot and put the piece there. 4. if **n** < **s** then allocate a new slot, move the data at slot **n** to the new slot and put **A** in slot **n**. allocating a new slot: 1. if there's an unassigned slot (a slot that doesn't contain any piece), return that slot index. 2. append the new slot at the end of the file (or find an unused slot). 3. let **i** be the index of newly allocated slot 4. if we have downloaded piece index **i** already (to slot **j**) then 1. move the data at slot **j** to slot **i**. 2. return slot index **j** as the newly allocated free slot. 5. return **i** as the newly allocated slot. extensions ========== These extensions all operates within the `extension protocol`__. The name of the extension is the name used in the extension-list packets, and the payload is the data in the extended message (not counting the length-prefix, message-id nor extension-id). __ extension_protocol.html Note that since this protocol relies on one of the reserved bits in the handshake, it may be incompatible with future versions of the mainline bittorrent client. These are the extensions that are currently implemented. metadata from peers ------------------- Extension name: "LT_metadata" The point with this extension is that you don't have to distribute the metadata (.torrent-file) separately. The metadata can be distributed through the bittorrent swarm. The only thing you need to download such a torrent is the tracker url and the info-hash of the torrent. It works by assuming that the initial seeder has the metadata and that the metadata will propagate through the network as more peers join. There are three kinds of messages in the metadata extension. These packets are put as payload to the extension message. The three packets are: * request metadata * metadata * don't have metadata request metadata: +-----------+---------------+----------------------------------------+ | size | name | description | +===========+===============+========================================+ | uint8_t | msg_type | Determines the kind of message this is | | | | 0 means 'request metadata' | +-----------+---------------+----------------------------------------+ | uint8_t | start | The start of the metadata block that | | | | is requested. It is given in 256:ths | | | | of the total size of the metadata, | | | | since the requesting client don't know | | | | the size of the metadata. | +-----------+---------------+----------------------------------------+ | uint8_t | size | The size of the metadata block that is | | | | requested. This is also given in | | | | 256:ths of the total size of the | | | | metadata. The size is given as size-1. | | | | That means that if this field is set | | | | 0, the request wants one 256:th of the | | | | metadata. | +-----------+---------------+----------------------------------------+ metadata: +-----------+---------------+----------------------------------------+ | size | name | description | +===========+===============+========================================+ | uint8_t | msg_type | 1 means 'metadata' | +-----------+---------------+----------------------------------------+ | int32_t | total_size | The total size of the metadata, given | | | | in number of bytes. | +-----------+---------------+----------------------------------------+ | int32_t | offset | The offset of where the metadata block | | | | in this message belongs in the final | | | | metadata. This is given in bytes. | +-----------+---------------+----------------------------------------+ | uint8_t[] | metadata | The actual metadata block. The size of | | | | this part is given implicit by the | | | | length prefix in the bittorrent | | | | protocol packet. | +-----------+---------------+----------------------------------------+ Don't have metadata: +-----------+---------------+----------------------------------------+ | size | name | description | +===========+===============+========================================+ | uint8_t | msg_type | 2 means 'I don't have metadata'. | | | | This message is sent as a reply to a | | | | metadata request if the the client | | | | doesn't have any metadata. | +-----------+---------------+----------------------------------------+ HTTP seeding ------------ There are two kinds of HTTP seeding. One with that assumes a smart (and polite) client and one that assumes a smart server. These are specified in `BEP 19`_ and `BEP 17`_ respectively. libtorrent supports both. In the libtorrent source code and API, BEP 19 urls are typically referred to as *url seeds* and BEP 17 urls are typically referred to as *HTTP seeds*. The libtorrent implementation of `BEP 19`_ assumes that, if the URL ends with a slash ('/'), the filename should be appended to it in order to request pieces from that file. The way this works is that if the torrent is a single-file torrent, only that filename is appended. If the torrent is a multi-file torrent, the torrent's name '/' the file name is appended. This is the same directory structure that libtorrent will download torrents into. .. _`BEP 17`: http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0017.html .. _`BEP 19`: http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0019.html filename checks =============== Boost.Filesystem will by default check all its paths to make sure they conform to filename requirements on many platforms. If you don't want this check, you can set it to either only check for native filesystem requirements or turn it off altogether. You can use:: boost::filesystem::path::default_name_check(boost::filesystem::native); for example. For more information, see the `Boost.Filesystem docs`__. __ http://www.boost.org/libs/filesystem/doc/index.htm