grammatical fixes

This commit is contained in:
Werner Lemberg 2001-01-19 03:33:30 +00:00
parent 57175ec7b1
commit 74c0edf44c
6 changed files with 29 additions and 27 deletions

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3. Character and font metrics
</h3>
<p>Each glyph image is associated to various metrics which are used to
describe how must be placed and managed when rendering text. Though
they are described in more details in section&nbsp;III, they relate to
glyph placement, cursor advances as well as text layout. They are
extremely important to compute the flow of text when rendering a string
of text.</p>
<p>Each glyph image is associated with various metrics which are used to
describe how it must be placed and managed when rendering text. These
are described in more details in section&nbsp;III; they relate to glyph
placement, cursor advances as well as text layout. They are extremely
important to compute the flow of text when rendering a string of
text.</p>
<p>Each scalable format also contains some global metrics, expressed in
notional units, to describe some properties of all glyphs in the same
@ -164,8 +164,8 @@
the ascender, descender and text height for the font.</p>
<p>Though these metrics also exist for non-scalable formats, they only
apply for a set of given character dimensions and resolutions, and
they are usually expressed in pixels then.</p>
apply for a set of given character dimensions and resolutions, and are
usually expressed in pixels.</p>
<p><hr></p>

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<tr bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
valign=center><td>
<h2>
II. Glyph mutlines
II. Glyph outlines
</h2>
</td></tr>
</table>
<p>This section describes the way scalable representation of glyph images,
called outlines, are used by FreeType as well as client applications.</p>
<p>This section describes the way scalable representations of glyph
images, called outlines, are used by FreeType as well as client
applications.</p>
<a name="section-1">
<h3>
@ -94,7 +95,7 @@
<em>points</em>, rather than device-specific pixels. Points are a
simple <em>physical</em> unit, where 1&nbsp;point&nbsp;=&nbsp;1/72th of
an inch, in digital typography. As an example, most Roman books are
printed with a body text which size is chosen between 10 and
printed with a body text whose size is somewhere between 10 and
14&nbsp;points.</p>
<p>It is thus possible to compute the size of text in pixels from the
@ -148,7 +149,7 @@
<p>In creating the glyph outlines, a type designer uses an imaginary
square called the <em>EM square</em>. Typically, the EM square can be
thought of as a tablet on which the character are drawn. The square's
thought of as a tablet on which the characters are drawn. The square's
size, i.e., the number of grid units on its sides, is very important for
two reasons:</p>
@ -218,7 +219,7 @@
<p>As a consequence, proper glyph rendering needs the scaled points to
be aligned along the target device pixel grid, through an operation
called <em>grid-fitting</em>, and often <em>hinting</em>. One of its
called <em>grid-fitting</em> (often called<em>hinting</em>). One of its
main purposes is to ensure that important widths and heights are
respected throughout the whole font (for example, it is very often
desirable that the "I" and the "T" have their central vertical line of
@ -255,9 +256,10 @@
<p><em>automatic grid-fitting</em></p>
<p>Some formats simply include no control information with each
glyph outline, apart metrics like the advance width and height. It
is then up to the renderer to "guess" the more interesting features
of the outline in order to perform some decent grid-fitting.</p>
glyph outline, apart from metrics like the advance width and height.
It is then up to the renderer to "guess" the more interesting
features of the outline in order to perform some decent
grid-fitting.</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<p><b>Size.</b> Glyph programs can be long.</p>
<p><b>Technicity.</b>
<p><b>Technical difficulty.</b>
It is extremely difficult to write good hinting
programs. Very few tools available.</p>
</td>

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<p>The horizontal distance from the current pen position to the
glyph's left bbox edge. It is positive for horizontal layouts, and
in most cases negative for vertical one.</p>
in most cases negative for vertical ones.</p>
</li>
<li>
@ -220,7 +220,7 @@
<p>The vertical distance from the baseline to the top of the glyph's
bbox. It is usually positive for horizontal layouts, and negative
for vertical ones</p>
for vertical ones.</p>
</li>
<li>
@ -325,8 +325,8 @@
<ul>
<li>
Because of hinting, simply scaling the font ascent or descent might
not give correct results. A possible solution is to keepthe ceiling
of the scaled ascent, and floor of the scaled descent.
not give correct results. A possible solution is to keep the
ceiling of the scaled ascent, and floor of the scaled descent.
</li>
<li>

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1. Kerning pairs
</h3>
<p>Kerning consists in modifying the spacing between two successive
<p>Kerning consists of modifying the spacing between two successive
glyphs according to their outlines. For example, a "T" and a "y" can be
easily moved closer, as the top of the "y" fits nicely under the upper
right bar of the "T".</p>

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</h3>
<p>An outline point's vectorial coordinates are expressed in the
26.6&nbsp;format, i.e. in 1/64th of a pixel, hence coordinates
(1.0,-2.5) is stored as the integer pair (x:64,y:-192).</p>
26.6&nbsp;format, i.e. in 1/64th of a pixel, hence the coordinates
(1.0,-2.5) are stored as the integer pair (x:64,y:-192).</p>
<p>After a master glyph outline is scaled from the EM grid to the
current character dimensions, the hinter or grid-fitter is in charge of

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<tt>num_grays</tt>
</td>
<td valign=top>
this is only used for "gray" pixel modes, it gives the number of
this is only used for "gray" pixel modes; it gives the number of
gray levels used to describe the anti-aliased gray levels --
256&nbsp;by default with FreeType&nbsp;2
FreeType&nbsp;2 defaults to 256&nbsp;grays.
</td>
</tr>
</table>