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<h1 class="title">Create Torrents</h1>
<table class="docinfo" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="docinfo-name" />
<col class="docinfo-content" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Author:</th>
<td>Arvid Norberg, <a class="last reference external" href="mailto:arvid&#64;rasterbar.com">arvid&#64;rasterbar.com</a></td></tr>
<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Version:</th>
<td>1.0.0</td></tr>
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<div class="contents topic" id="table-of-contents">
<p class="topic-title first">Table of contents</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#create-torrent" id="id22">create_torrent</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>This section describes the functions and classes that are used
to create torrent files. It is a layered API with low level classes
and higher level convenience functions. A torrent is created in 4
steps:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>first the files that will be part of the torrent are determined.</li>
<li>the torrent properties are set, such as tracker url, web seeds,
DHT nodes etc.</li>
<li>Read through all the files in the torrent, SHA-1 all the data
and set the piece hashes.</li>
<li>The torrent is bencoded into a file or buffer.</li>
</ol>
<p>If there are a lot of files and or deep directoy hierarchies to
traverse, step one can be time consuming.</p>
<p>Typically step 3 is by far the most time consuming step, since it
requires to read all the bytes from all the files in the torrent.</p>
<p>All of these classes and functions are declared by including
<tt class="docutils literal">libtorrent/create_torrent.hpp</tt>.</p>
<p>example:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
file_storage fs;
// recursively adds files in directories
add_files(fs, &quot;./my_torrent&quot;);
create_torrent t(fs);
t.add_tracker(&quot;http://my.tracker.com/announce&quot;);
t.set_creator(&quot;libtorrent example&quot;);
// reads the files and calculates the hashes
set_piece_hashes(t, &quot;.&quot;);
ofstream out(&quot;my_torrent.torrent&quot;, std::ios_base::binary);
bencode(std::ostream_iterator&lt;char&gt;(out), t.generate());
</pre>
<a name="create_torrent"></a><div class="section" id="create-torrent">
<h1>create_torrent</h1>
<p>Declared in &quot;<a class="reference external" href="../include/libtorrent/create_torrent.hpp">libtorrent/create_torrent.hpp</a>&quot;</p>
<p>This class holds state for creating a torrent. After having added
all information to it, call <a class="reference external" href="reference-Create_Torrents.html#generate()">create_torrent::generate()</a> to generate
the torrent. The <a class="reference external" href="reference-Bencoding.html#entry">entry</a> that's returned can then be bencoded into a
.torrent file using <a class="reference external" href="reference-Bencoding.html#bencode()">bencode()</a>.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct create_torrent
{
<strong>create_torrent</strong> (torrent_info const&amp; ti);
<strong>create_torrent</strong> (file_storage&amp; fs, int piece_size = 0
, int pad_file_limit = -1, int flags = optimize, int alignment = 0x4000);
entry <strong>generate</strong> () const;
file_storage const&amp; <strong>files</strong> () const;
void <strong>set_comment</strong> (char const* str);
void <strong>set_creator</strong> (char const* str);
void <strong>set_hash</strong> (int index, sha1_hash const&amp; h);
void <strong>set_file_hash</strong> (int index, sha1_hash const&amp; h);
void <strong>add_url_seed</strong> (std::string const&amp; url);
void <strong>add_http_seed</strong> (std::string const&amp; url);
void <strong>add_node</strong> (std::pair&lt;std::string, int&gt; const&amp; node);
void <strong>add_tracker</strong> (std::string const&amp; url, int tier = 0);
void <strong>set_root_cert</strong> (std::string const&amp; pem);
bool <strong>priv</strong> () const;
void <strong>set_priv</strong> (bool p);
int <strong>num_pieces</strong> () const;
int <strong>piece_length</strong> () const;
int <strong>piece_size</strong> (int i) const;
std::vector&lt;sha1_hash&gt; const&amp; <strong>merkle_tree</strong> () const;
enum flags_t
{
optimize,
merkle,
modification_time,
symlinks,
calculate_file_hashes,
};
};
</pre>
<a name="create_torrent()"></a><div class="section" id="id5">
<h2>create_torrent()</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
<strong>create_torrent</strong> (torrent_info const&amp; ti);
<strong>create_torrent</strong> (file_storage&amp; fs, int piece_size = 0
, int pad_file_limit = -1, int flags = optimize, int alignment = 0x4000);
</pre>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal">piece_size</tt> is the size of each piece in bytes. It must
be a multiple of 16 kiB. If a piece size of 0 is specified, a
piece_size will be calculated such that the torrent file is roughly 40 kB.</p>
<p>If a <tt class="docutils literal">pad_size_limit</tt> is specified (other than -1), any file larger than
the specified number of bytes will be preceeded by a pad file to align it
with the start of a piece. The pad_file_limit is ignored unless the
<tt class="docutils literal">optimize</tt> flag is passed. Typically it doesn't make sense to set this
any lower than 4kiB.</p>
<p>The overload that takes a <tt class="docutils literal">torrent_info</tt> object will make a verbatim
copy of its info dictionary (to preserve the info-hash). The copy of
the info dictionary will be used by <a class="reference external" href="reference-Create_Torrents.html#generate()">create_torrent::generate()</a>. This means
that none of the member functions of <a class="reference external" href="reference-Create_Torrents.html#create_torrent">create_torrent</a> that affects
the content of the info dictionary (such as <tt class="docutils literal">set_hash()</tt>), will
have any affect.</p>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal">flags</tt> arguments specifies options for the torrent creation. It can
be any combination of the flags defined by <a class="reference external" href="reference-Create_Torrents.html#flags_t">create_torrent::flags_t</a>.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal">alignment</tt> is used when pad files are enabled. This is the size eligible
files are aligned to. The default is the default bittorrent block size of
16 kiB. It is common to align to the piece size of the torrent.</p>
<a name="generate()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="generate">
<h2>generate()</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
entry <strong>generate</strong> () const;
</pre>
<p>This function will generate the .torrent file as a bencode tree. In order to
generate the flat file, use the <a class="reference external" href="reference-Bencoding.html#bencode()">bencode()</a> function.</p>
<p>It may be useful to add custom entries to the torrent file before bencoding it
and saving it to disk.</p>
<p>If anything goes wrong during torrent generation, this function will return
an empty <tt class="docutils literal">entry</tt> structure. You can test for this condition by querying the
type of the entry:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
file_storage fs;
// add file ...
create_torrent t(fs);
// add trackers and piece hashes ...
e = t.generate();
if (e.type() == entry::undefined_t)
{
// something went wrong
}
</pre>
<p>For instance, you cannot generate a torrent with 0 files in it. If you don't add
any files to the <tt class="docutils literal">file_storage</tt>, torrent generation will fail.</p>
<a name="files()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="files">
<h2>files()</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
file_storage const&amp; <strong>files</strong> () const;
</pre>
<p>returns an immutable reference to the <a class="reference external" href="reference-Storage.html#file_storage">file_storage</a> used to create
the torrent from.</p>
<a name="set_comment()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="set-comment">
<h2>set_comment()</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
void <strong>set_comment</strong> (char const* str);
</pre>
<p>Sets the comment for the torrent. The string <tt class="docutils literal">str</tt> should be utf-8 encoded.
The comment in a torrent file is optional.</p>
<a name="set_creator()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="set-creator">
<h2>set_creator()</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
void <strong>set_creator</strong> (char const* str);
</pre>
<p>Sets the creator of the torrent. The string <tt class="docutils literal">str</tt> should be utf-8 encoded.
This is optional.</p>
<a name="set_hash()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="set-hash">
<h2>set_hash()</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
void <strong>set_hash</strong> (int index, sha1_hash const&amp; h);
</pre>
<p>This sets the SHA-1 hash for the specified piece (<tt class="docutils literal">index</tt>). You are required
to set the hash for every piece in the torrent before generating it. If you have
the files on disk, you can use the high level convenience function to do this.
See <a class="reference external" href="reference-Create_Torrents.html#set_piece_hashes()">set_piece_hashes()</a>.</p>
<a name="set_file_hash()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="set-file-hash">
<h2>set_file_hash()</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
void <strong>set_file_hash</strong> (int index, sha1_hash const&amp; h);
</pre>
<p>This sets the sha1 hash for this file. This hash will end up under the key <tt class="docutils literal">sha1</tt>
associated with this file (for multi-file torrents) or in the root info dictionary
for single-file torrents.</p>
<a name="add_url_seed()"></a>
<a name="add_http_seed()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="add-url-seed-add-http-seed">
<h2>add_url_seed() add_http_seed()</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
void <strong>add_url_seed</strong> (std::string const&amp; url);
void <strong>add_http_seed</strong> (std::string const&amp; url);
</pre>
<p>This adds a url seed to the torrent. You can have any number of url seeds. For a
single file torrent, this should be an HTTP url, pointing to a file with identical
content as the file of the torrent. For a multi-file torrent, it should point to
a directory containing a directory with the same name as this torrent, and all the
files of the torrent in it.</p>
<p>The second function, <tt class="docutils literal">add_http_seed()</tt> adds an HTTP seed instead.</p>
<a name="add_node()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="add-node">
<h2>add_node()</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
void <strong>add_node</strong> (std::pair&lt;std::string, int&gt; const&amp; node);
</pre>
<p>This adds a DHT node to the torrent. This especially useful if you're creating a
tracker less torrent. It can be used by clients to bootstrap their DHT node from.
The node is a hostname and a port number where there is a DHT node running.
You can have any number of DHT nodes in a torrent.</p>
<a name="add_tracker()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="add-tracker">
<h2>add_tracker()</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
void <strong>add_tracker</strong> (std::string const&amp; url, int tier = 0);
</pre>
<p>Adds a tracker to the torrent. This is not strictly required, but most torrents
use a tracker as their main source of peers. The url should be an <a class="reference external" href="http://">http://</a> or udp://
url to a machine running a bittorrent tracker that accepts announces for this torrent's
info-hash. The tier is the fallback priority of the tracker. All trackers with tier 0 are
tried first (in any order). If all fail, trackers with tier 1 are tried. If all of those
fail, trackers with tier 2 are tried, and so on.</p>
<a name="set_root_cert()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="set-root-cert">
<h2>set_root_cert()</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
void <strong>set_root_cert</strong> (std::string const&amp; pem);
</pre>
<p>This function sets an X.509 certificate in PEM format to the torrent. This makes the
torrent an <em>SSL torrent</em>. An SSL torrent requires that each peer has a valid certificate
signed by this root certificate. For SSL torrents, all peers are connecting over SSL
connections. For more information, see the section on <a class="reference external" href="manual-ref.html#ssl-torrents">ssl torrents</a>.</p>
<p>The string is not the path to the cert, it's the actual content of the certificate,
loaded into a std::string.</p>
<a name="priv()"></a>
<a name="set_priv()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="priv-set-priv">
<h2>priv() set_priv()</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
bool <strong>priv</strong> () const;
void <strong>set_priv</strong> (bool p);
</pre>
<p>Sets and queries the private flag of the torrent.
Torrents with the private flag set ask clients to not use any other
sources than the tracker for peers, and to not advertize itself publicly,
apart from the tracker.</p>
<a name="num_pieces()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="num-pieces">
<h2>num_pieces()</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
int <strong>num_pieces</strong> () const;
</pre>
<p>returns the number of pieces in the associated <a class="reference external" href="reference-Storage.html#file_storage">file_storage</a> object.</p>
<a name="piece_length()"></a>
<a name="piece_size()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="piece-length-piece-size">
<h2>piece_length() piece_size()</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
int <strong>piece_length</strong> () const;
int <strong>piece_size</strong> (int i) const;
</pre>
<p><tt class="docutils literal">piece_length()</tt> returns the piece size of all pieces but the
last one. <tt class="docutils literal">piece_size()</tt> returns the size of the specified piece.
these functions are just forwarding to the associated <a class="reference external" href="reference-Storage.html#file_storage">file_storage</a>.</p>
<a name="merkle_tree()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="merkle-tree">
<h2>merkle_tree()</h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
std::vector&lt;sha1_hash&gt; const&amp; <strong>merkle_tree</strong> () const;
</pre>
<p>This function returns the merkle hash tree, if the torrent was created as a merkle
torrent. The tree is created by <tt class="docutils literal">generate()</tt> and won't be valid until that function
has been called. When creating a merkle tree torrent, the actual tree itself has to
be saved off separately and fed into libtorrent the first time you start seeding it,
through the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">torrent_info::set_merkle_tree()</span></tt> function. From that point onwards, the
tree will be saved in the resume data.</p>
<a name="flags_t"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="enum-flags-t">
<h2>enum flags_t</h2>
<p>Declared in &quot;<a class="reference external" href="../include/libtorrent/create_torrent.hpp">libtorrent/create_torrent.hpp</a>&quot;</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="21%" />
<col width="6%" />
<col width="72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">name</th>
<th class="head">value</th>
<th class="head">description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td>optimize</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>This will insert pad files to align the files to piece boundaries, for
optimized disk-I/O.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>merkle</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>This will create a merkle hash tree torrent. A merkle torrent cannot
be opened in clients that don't specifically support merkle torrents.
The benefit is that the resulting torrent file will be much smaller and
not grow with more pieces. When this option is specified, it is
recommended to have a fairly small piece size, say 64 kiB.
When creating merkle torrents, the full hash tree is also generated
and should be saved off separately. It is accessed through the
<a class="reference external" href="reference-Create_Torrents.html#merkle_tree()">create_torrent::merkle_tree()</a> function.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>modification_time</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>This will include the file modification time as part of the torrent.
This is not enabled by default, as it might cause problems when you
create a torrent from separate files with the same content, hoping to
yield the same info-hash. If the files have different modification times,
with this option enabled, you would get different info-hashes for the
files.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>symlinks</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>If this flag is set, files that are symlinks get a symlink attribute
set on them and their data will not be included in the torrent. This
is useful if you need to reconstruct a file hierarchy which contains
symlinks.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>calculate_file_hashes</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>If this is set, the <a class="reference external" href="reference-Create_Torrents.html#set_piece_hashes()">set_piece_hashes()</a> function will, as it calculates
the piece hashes, also calculate the file hashes and add those associated
with each file. Note that unless you use the <a class="reference external" href="reference-Create_Torrents.html#set_piece_hashes()">set_piece_hashes()</a> function,
this flag will have no effect.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<a name="add_files()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="add-files">
<h2>add_files()</h2>
<p>Declared in &quot;<a class="reference external" href="../include/libtorrent/create_torrent.hpp">libtorrent/create_torrent.hpp</a>&quot;</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
template &lt;class Pred&gt; void <strong>add_files</strong> (file_storage&amp; fs, std::string const&amp; file, Pred p, boost::uint32_t flags = 0);
inline void <strong>add_files</strong> (file_storage&amp; fs, std::string const&amp; file, boost::uint32_t flags = 0);
</pre>
<p>Adds the file specified by <tt class="docutils literal">path</tt> to the <a class="reference external" href="reference-Storage.html#file_storage">file_storage</a> object. In case <tt class="docutils literal">path</tt>
refers to a diretory, files will be added recursively from the directory.</p>
<p>If specified, the predicate <tt class="docutils literal">p</tt> is called once for every file and directory that
is encountered. files for which <tt class="docutils literal">p</tt> returns true are added, and directories for
which <tt class="docutils literal">p</tt> returns true are traversed. <tt class="docutils literal">p</tt> must have the following signature:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
bool Pred(std::string const&amp; p);
</pre>
<p>The path that is passed in to the predicate is the full path of the file or
directory. If no predicate is specified, all files are added, and all directories
are traveresed.</p>
<p>The &quot;..&quot; directory is never traversed.</p>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal">flags</tt> argument should be the same as the flags passed to the <a class="reference internal" href="#create-torrent">create_torrent</a>
constructor.</p>
<a name="set_piece_hashes()"></a></div>
<div class="section" id="set-piece-hashes">
<h2>set_piece_hashes()</h2>
<p>Declared in &quot;<a class="reference external" href="../include/libtorrent/create_torrent.hpp">libtorrent/create_torrent.hpp</a>&quot;</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
void <strong>set_piece_hashes</strong> (create_torrent&amp; t, std::string const&amp; p
, boost::function&lt;void(int)&gt; f, error_code&amp; ec);
inline void <strong>set_piece_hashes</strong> (create_torrent&amp; t, std::string const&amp; p);
inline void <strong>set_piece_hashes</strong> (create_torrent&amp; t, std::string const&amp; p, error_code&amp; ec);
</pre>
<p>This function will assume that the files added to the torrent file exists at path
<tt class="docutils literal">p</tt>, read those files and hash the content and set the hashes in the <tt class="docutils literal">create_torrent</tt>
object. The optional function <tt class="docutils literal">f</tt> is called in between every hash that is set. <tt class="docutils literal">f</tt>
must have the following signature:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
void Fun(int);
</pre>
<p>The overloads that don't take an <tt class="docutils literal">error_code&amp;</tt> may throw an exception in case of a
file error, the other overloads sets the error code to reflect the error, if any.</p>
</div>
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