/* Copyright (c) 2003, Arvid Norberg, Magnus Jonsson All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef _MSC_VER #pragma warning(push, 1) #endif #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef _MSC_VER #pragma warning(pop) #endif #include "libtorrent/peer_id.hpp" #include "libtorrent/torrent_info.hpp" #include "libtorrent/tracker_manager.hpp" #include "libtorrent/bencode.hpp" #include "libtorrent/hasher.hpp" #include "libtorrent/entry.hpp" #include "libtorrent/session.hpp" #include "libtorrent/fingerprint.hpp" #include "libtorrent/entry.hpp" #include "libtorrent/alert_types.hpp" #include "libtorrent/invariant_check.hpp" #include "libtorrent/file.hpp" #include "libtorrent/allocate_resources.hpp" #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300 namespace std { using ::srand; using ::isprint; }; #endif namespace { int saturated_add(int a, int b) { assert(a>=0); assert(b>=0); int sum=a+b; if(sum<0) sum=std::numeric_limits::max(); assert(sum>=a && sum>=b); return sum; } // adjusts the upload rates of every peer connection // to make sure the sum of all send quotas equals // the given upload_limit. An upload limit of // std::numeric_limits::max() means unlimited upload // rate, but the rates of each peer has to be set anyway, // since it depends on the download rate from the peer. void control_upload_rates( int upload_limit, libtorrent::detail::session_impl::connection_map connections) { assert(upload_limit >= 0); using namespace libtorrent; std::vector requests; for (detail::session_impl::connection_map::iterator c = connections.begin(); c != connections.end(); ++c) { boost::shared_ptr p = c->second; p->upload_bandwidth.used = (int)ceil(p->statistics().upload_rate()); requests.push_back(&p->upload_bandwidth); } allocate_resources(upload_limit, requests); for (detail::session_impl::connection_map::iterator c = connections.begin(); c != connections.end(); ++c) { boost::shared_ptr p = c->second; p->update_send_quota_left(); } } /* void control_number_of_connections( int connections_limit, libtorrent::detail::session_impl::torrent_map hash_list) { assert(connections_limit >= 0); using namespace libtorrent; std::vector torrents; for (detail::session_impl::torrent_map::iterator c = hash_list.begin(); c != hash_list.end(); ++c) { boost::shared_ptr t = c->second; int estimated_capacity=t->num_peers()+1; int limit =t->get_policy().get_max_connections(); if(limit==-1) limit=std::numeric_limits::max(); torrents.push_back(resource_consumer(t,limit,estimated_capacity)); } allocate_resources(connections_limit, torrents); for (std::vector::iterator r=torrents.begin(); r!=torrents.end(); ++r) { // TODO: inform torrent of how many connections it's allowed. // boost::any_cast > // (r->who())->set_send_quota(r->allowed_use()); } } */ } namespace libtorrent { namespace detail { void checker_impl::operator()() { eh_initializer(); for (;;) { piece_checker_data* t; { boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(m_mutex); // if the job queue is empty and // we shouldn't abort // wait for a signal if (m_torrents.empty() && !m_abort) m_cond.wait(l); if (m_abort) return; assert(!m_torrents.empty()); t = &m_torrents.front(); if (t->abort) { m_torrents.pop_front(); continue; } } try { assert(t != 0); t->torrent_ptr->check_files(*t, m_mutex); // lock the session to add the new torrent boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(m_mutex); if (!t->abort) { boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(m_ses.m_mutex); m_ses.m_torrents.insert( std::make_pair(t->info_hash, t->torrent_ptr)).first; peer_id id; std::fill(id.begin(), id.end(), 0); for (std::vector
::const_iterator i = t->peers.begin(); i != t->peers.end(); ++i) { t->torrent_ptr->get_policy().peer_from_tracker(*i, id); } } } catch(const std::exception& e) { // TODO: generate an alert here! #ifndef NDEBUG std::cerr << "error while checking files: " << e.what() << "\n"; #endif } catch(...) { #ifndef NDEBUG std::cerr << "error while checking files\n"; #endif } // remove ourself from the 'checking'-list // (we're no longer in the checking state) boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(m_mutex); m_torrents.pop_front(); } } detail::piece_checker_data* checker_impl::find_torrent(const sha1_hash& info_hash) { for (std::deque::iterator i = m_torrents.begin(); i != m_torrents.end(); ++i) { if (i->info_hash == info_hash) return &(*i); } return 0; } session_impl::session_impl(std::pair listen_port_range, const fingerprint& cl_fprint) : m_tracker_manager(m_settings) , m_listen_port_range(listen_port_range) , m_listen_port(listen_port_range.first) , m_abort(false) , m_upload_rate(-1) , m_incoming_connection(false) { assert(listen_port_range.first > 0); assert(listen_port_range.first < listen_port_range.second); assert(m_listen_port > 0); // ---- generate a peer id ---- std::srand((unsigned int)std::time(0)); std::string print = cl_fprint.to_string(); assert(print.length() == 8); // the client's fingerprint std::copy( print.begin() , print.begin() + print.length() , m_peer_id.begin()); // the random number for (unsigned char* i = m_peer_id.begin() + print.length(); i != m_peer_id.end(); ++i) { *i = rand(); } } void session_impl::purge_connections() { while (!m_disconnect_peer.empty()) { m_connections.erase(m_disconnect_peer.back()); m_disconnect_peer.pop_back(); assert(m_selector.count_read_monitors() == (int)m_connections.size() + 1); } } void session_impl::operator()() { eh_initializer(); #ifndef NDEBUG m_logger = create_log("main session"); try { #endif // create listener socket boost::shared_ptr listener(new socket(socket::tcp, false)); for(;;) { try { listener->listen(m_listen_port, 5); } catch (std::exception&) { m_listen_port++; if (m_listen_port > m_listen_port_range.second) { m_alerts.post_alert(listen_failed_alert( "none of the ports in the given range could be opened")); return; } continue; } break; } #ifndef NDEBUG (*m_logger) << "listening on port: " << m_listen_port << "\n"; #endif m_selector.monitor_readability(listener); m_selector.monitor_errors(listener); std::vector > readable_clients; std::vector > writable_clients; std::vector > error_clients; boost::posix_time::ptime timer = boost::posix_time::second_clock::local_time(); #ifndef NDEBUG int loops_per_second = 0; #endif for(;;) { #ifndef NDEBUG check_invariant("loops_per_second++"); loops_per_second++; #endif // if nothing happens within 500000 microseconds (0.5 seconds) // do the loop anyway to check if anything else has changed // << "sleeping\n"; m_selector.wait(500000, readable_clients, writable_clients, error_clients); #ifndef NDEBUG for (std::vector >::iterator i = writable_clients.begin(); i != writable_clients.end(); ++i) { assert((*i)->is_writable()); } #endif boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(m_mutex); // +1 for the listen socket assert(m_selector.count_read_monitors() == (int)m_connections.size() + 1); if (m_abort) { m_tracker_manager.abort_all_requests(); for (std::map >::iterator i = m_torrents.begin(); i != m_torrents.end(); ++i) { i->second->abort(); m_tracker_manager.queue_request(i->second->generate_tracker_request(m_listen_port)); } m_connections.clear(); m_torrents.clear(); break; } #ifndef NDEBUG check_invariant("before SEND SOCKETS"); #endif // ************************ // SEND SOCKETS // ************************ // let the writable clients send data for (std::vector >::iterator i = writable_clients.begin(); i != writable_clients.end(); ++i) { assert((*i)->is_writable()); connection_map::iterator p = m_connections.find(*i); // the connection may have been disconnected in the receive phase if (p == m_connections.end()) { m_selector.remove(*i); } else { try { assert(m_selector.is_writability_monitored(p->first)); assert(p->second->has_data()); assert(p->second->get_socket()->is_writable()); p->second->send_data(); } catch (file_error& e) { torrent* t = p->second->associated_torrent(); assert(t != 0); if (m_alerts.should_post(alert::fatal)) { m_alerts.post_alert( file_error_alert( t->get_handle() , e.what())); } m_selector.remove(*i); m_connections.erase(p); assert(m_selector.count_read_monitors() == (int)m_connections.size() + 1); t->abort(); } catch (std::exception& e) { // the connection wants to disconnect for some reason, // remove it from the connection-list if (m_alerts.should_post(alert::debug)) { m_alerts.post_alert( peer_error_alert(p->first->sender(), e.what())); } m_selector.remove(*i); m_connections.erase(p); assert(m_selector.count_read_monitors() == (int)m_connections.size() + 1); } } } purge_connections(); #ifndef NDEBUG check_invariant("after SEND SOCKETS"); #endif // ************************ // RECEIVE SOCKETS // ************************ // let the readable clients receive data for (std::vector >::iterator i = readable_clients.begin(); i != readable_clients.end(); ++i) { // special case for listener socket if (*i == listener) { boost::shared_ptr s = (*i)->accept(); if (s) { s->set_blocking(false); // we got a connection request! m_incoming_connection = true; #ifndef NDEBUG (*m_logger) << s->sender().as_string() << " <== INCOMING CONNECTION\n"; #endif // TODO: filter ip:s boost::shared_ptr c( new peer_connection(*this, m_selector, s)); if (m_upload_rate != -1) { c->upload_bandwidth.given = 0; c->update_send_quota_left(); } m_connections.insert(std::make_pair(s, c)); m_selector.monitor_readability(s); m_selector.monitor_errors(s); } continue; } connection_map::iterator p = m_connections.find(*i); if(p == m_connections.end()) { m_selector.remove(*i); } else { try { // (*m_logger) << "readable: " << p->first->sender().as_string() << "\n"; p->second->receive_data(); } catch (file_error& e) { torrent* t = p->second->associated_torrent(); assert(t != 0); if (m_alerts.should_post(alert::fatal)) { m_alerts.post_alert( file_error_alert( t->get_handle() , e.what())); } m_selector.remove(*i); m_connections.erase(p); assert(m_selector.count_read_monitors() == (int)m_connections.size() + 1); t->abort(); } catch (std::exception& e) { if (m_alerts.should_post(alert::debug)) { m_alerts.post_alert( peer_error_alert(p->first->sender(), e.what())); } // the connection wants to disconnect for some reason, remove it // from the connection-list m_selector.remove(*i); m_connections.erase(p); assert(m_selector.count_read_monitors() == (int)m_connections.size() + 1); } } } purge_connections(); #ifndef NDEBUG check_invariant("after RECEIVE SOCKETS"); #endif // ************************ // ERROR SOCKETS // ************************ // disconnect the one we couldn't connect to for (std::vector >::iterator i = error_clients.begin(); i != error_clients.end(); ++i) { connection_map::iterator p = m_connections.find(*i); if (m_alerts.should_post(alert::debug)) { m_alerts.post_alert( peer_error_alert( p->first->sender() , "socket received an exception")); } m_selector.remove(*i); // the connection may have been disconnected in the receive or send phase if (p != m_connections.end()) { m_connections.erase(p); assert(m_selector.count_read_monitors() == (int)m_connections.size() + 1); } } #ifndef NDEBUG check_invariant("after ERROR SOCKETS"); #endif boost::posix_time::time_duration d = boost::posix_time::second_clock::local_time() - timer; if (d.seconds() < 1) continue; timer = boost::posix_time::second_clock::local_time(); // ************************ // THE SECTION BELOW IS EXECUTED ONCE EVERY SECOND // ************************ #ifndef NDEBUG // std::cout << "\n\nloops: " << loops_per_second << "\n"; loops_per_second = 0; #endif // do the second_tick() on each connection // this will update their statistics (download and upload speeds) // also purge sockets that have timed out // and keep sockets open by keeping them alive. for (connection_map::iterator i = m_connections.begin(); i != m_connections.end();) { connection_map::iterator j = i; ++i; // if this socket has timed out // close it. if (j->second->has_timed_out()) { if (m_alerts.should_post(alert::debug)) { m_alerts.post_alert( peer_error_alert(j->first->sender(), "connection timed out")); } m_selector.remove(j->first); m_connections.erase(j); assert(m_selector.count_read_monitors() == (int)m_connections.size() + 1); continue; } j->second->keep_alive(); } // check each torrent for abortion or // tracker updates for (std::map >::iterator i = m_torrents.begin(); i != m_torrents.end();) { if (i->second->is_aborted()) { m_tracker_manager.queue_request( i->second->generate_tracker_request(m_listen_port)); i->second->disconnect_all(); #ifndef NDEBUG sha1_hash i_hash = i->second->torrent_file().info_hash(); #endif std::map >::iterator j = i; ++i; m_torrents.erase(j); assert(m_torrents.find(i_hash) == m_torrents.end()); continue; } else if (i->second->should_request()) { m_tracker_manager.queue_request( i->second->generate_tracker_request(m_listen_port) , boost::get_pointer(i->second)); } i->second->second_tick(); ++i; } purge_connections(); // distribute the maximum upload rate among the peers control_upload_rates( m_upload_rate == -1 ? std::numeric_limits::max() : m_upload_rate , m_connections); m_tracker_manager.tick(); } while (!m_tracker_manager.send_finished()) { m_tracker_manager.tick(); boost::xtime t; boost::xtime_get(&t, boost::TIME_UTC); t.nsec += 100000000; boost::thread::sleep(t); } #ifndef NDEBUG } catch (std::bad_cast& e) { std::cerr << e.what() << "\n"; } catch (std::exception& e) { std::cerr << e.what() << "\n"; } catch (...) { std::cerr << "error!\n"; } #endif } // the return value from this function is valid only as long as the // session is locked! torrent* session_impl::find_torrent(const sha1_hash& info_hash) { std::map >::iterator i = m_torrents.find(info_hash); if (i != m_torrents.end()) return boost::get_pointer(i->second); return 0; } #ifndef NDEBUG boost::shared_ptr session_impl::create_log(std::string name) { name = "libtorrent_log_" + name + ".log"; // current options are file_logger and cout_logger #if defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING) return boost::shared_ptr(new file_logger(name.c_str())); #else return boost::shared_ptr(new null_logger()); #endif } #endif #ifndef NDEBUG void session_impl::check_invariant(const char *place) { assert(place); for (connection_map::iterator i = m_connections.begin(); i != m_connections.end(); ++i) { if (i->second->has_data() != m_selector.is_writability_monitored(i->first)) { std::ofstream error_log("error.log", std::ios_base::app); boost::shared_ptr p = i->second; error_log << "session_imple::check_invariant()\n" "peer_connection::has_data() != is_writability_monitored()\n"; error_log << "peer_connection::has_data() " << p->has_data() << "\n"; error_log << "peer_connection::send_quota_left " << p->send_quota_left() << "\n"; error_log << "peer_connection::upload_bandwidth.given " << p->upload_bandwidth.given << "\n"; error_log << "peer_connection::get_peer_id " << p->get_peer_id() << "\n"; error_log << "place: " << place << "\n"; error_log.flush(); assert(false); } if (i->second->associated_torrent()) { assert(i->second->associated_torrent() ->get_policy().has_connection(boost::get_pointer(i->second))); } } } #endif } session::session(std::pair listen_port_range, const fingerprint& id) : m_impl(listen_port_range, id) , m_checker_impl(m_impl) , m_thread(boost::ref(m_impl)) , m_checker_thread(boost::ref(m_checker_impl)) { assert(listen_port_range.first > 0); assert(listen_port_range.first < listen_port_range.second); #ifndef NDEBUG // this test was added after it came to my attention // that devstudios managed c++ failed to generate // correct code for boost.function boost::function0 test = boost::ref(m_impl); assert(!test.empty()); #endif } session::session(std::pair listen_port_range) : m_impl(listen_port_range, fingerprint("LT",0,0,1,0)) , m_checker_impl(m_impl) , m_thread(boost::ref(m_impl)) , m_checker_thread(boost::ref(m_checker_impl)) { assert(listen_port_range.first > 0); assert(listen_port_range.first < listen_port_range.second); #ifndef NDEBUG boost::function0 test = boost::ref(m_impl); assert(!test.empty()); #endif } // TODO: add a check to see if filenames are accepted on the // current platform. // if the torrent already exists, this will throw duplicate_torrent torrent_handle session::add_torrent( const torrent_info& ti , const boost::filesystem::path& save_path , const entry& resume_data) { { // lock the session boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(m_impl.m_mutex); // is the torrent already active? if (m_impl.find_torrent(ti.info_hash())) throw duplicate_torrent(); } { // lock the checker_thread boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(m_checker_impl.m_mutex); // is the torrent currently being checked? if (m_checker_impl.find_torrent(ti.info_hash())) throw duplicate_torrent(); } // create the torrent and the data associated with // the checker thread and store it before starting // the thread boost::shared_ptr torrent_ptr( new torrent(m_impl, ti, save_path)); detail::piece_checker_data d; d.torrent_ptr = torrent_ptr; d.save_path = save_path; d.info_hash = ti.info_hash(); d.parse_resume_data(resume_data, torrent_ptr->torrent_file()); // lock the checker thread boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(m_checker_impl.m_mutex); // add the torrent to the queue to be checked m_checker_impl.m_torrents.push_back(d); // and notify the thread that it got another // job in its queue m_checker_impl.m_cond.notify_one(); return torrent_handle(&m_impl, &m_checker_impl, ti.info_hash()); } void session::remove_torrent(const torrent_handle& h) { if (h.m_ses != &m_impl) return; assert(h.m_chk == &m_checker_impl); { boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(m_impl.m_mutex); torrent* t = m_impl.find_torrent(h.m_info_hash); if (t != 0) { t->abort(); return; } } { boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(m_checker_impl.m_mutex); detail::piece_checker_data* d = m_checker_impl.find_torrent(h.m_info_hash); if (d != 0) { d->abort = true; return; } } } void session::set_http_settings(const http_settings& s) { boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(m_impl.m_mutex); m_impl.m_settings = s; } session::~session() { { boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(m_impl.m_mutex); m_impl.m_abort = true; } { boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(m_checker_impl.m_mutex); // abort the checker thread m_checker_impl.m_abort = true; // abort the currently checking torrent if (!m_checker_impl.m_torrents.empty()) { m_checker_impl.m_torrents.front().abort = true; } m_checker_impl.m_cond.notify_one(); } m_thread.join(); m_checker_thread.join(); } void session::set_upload_rate_limit(int bytes_per_second) { assert(bytes_per_second > 0 || bytes_per_second == -1); boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(m_impl.m_mutex); m_impl.m_upload_rate = bytes_per_second; if (m_impl.m_upload_rate != -1 || !m_impl.m_connections.empty()) return; for (detail::session_impl::connection_map::iterator i = m_impl.m_connections.begin(); i != m_impl.m_connections.end();) { i->second->upload_bandwidth.given = std::numeric_limits::max(); i->second->update_send_quota_left(); } } std::auto_ptr session::pop_alert() { if (m_impl.m_alerts.pending()) return m_impl.m_alerts.get(); else return std::auto_ptr(0); } void session::set_severity_level(alert::severity_t s) { m_impl.m_alerts.set_severity(s); } void detail::piece_checker_data::parse_resume_data( const entry& resume_data , const torrent_info& info) { // if we don't have any resume data, return if (resume_data.type() == entry::undefined_t) return; entry rd = resume_data; try { if (rd.dict()["file-format"].string() != "libtorrent resume file") return; if (rd.dict()["file-version"].integer() != 1) return; // verify info_hash const std::string &hash = rd.dict()["info-hash"].string(); std::string real_hash((char*)info.info_hash().begin(), (char*)info.info_hash().end()); if (hash != real_hash) return; // the peers entry::list_type& peer_list = rd.dict()["peers"].list(); std::vector
tmp_peers; tmp_peers.reserve(peer_list.size()); for (entry::list_type::iterator i = peer_list.begin(); i != peer_list.end(); ++i) { address a( i->dict()["ip"].string() , (unsigned short)i->dict()["port"].integer()); tmp_peers.push_back(a); } peers.swap(tmp_peers); // read piece map const entry::list_type& slots = rd.dict()["slots"].list(); if ((int)slots.size() > info.num_pieces()) return; std::vector tmp_pieces; tmp_pieces.reserve(slots.size()); for (entry::list_type::const_iterator i = slots.begin(); i != slots.end(); ++i) { int index = (int)i->integer(); if (index >= info.num_pieces() || index < -2) return; tmp_pieces.push_back(index); } int num_blocks_per_piece = (int)rd.dict()["blocks per piece"].integer(); if (num_blocks_per_piece != info.piece_length() / torrent_ptr->block_size()) return; // the unfinished pieces entry::list_type& unfinished = rd.dict()["unfinished"].list(); std::vector tmp_unfinished; tmp_unfinished.reserve(unfinished.size()); for (entry::list_type::iterator i = unfinished.begin(); i != unfinished.end(); ++i) { piece_picker::downloading_piece p; p.index = (int)i->dict()["piece"].integer(); if (p.index < 0 || p.index >= info.num_pieces()) return; const std::string& bitmask = i->dict()["bitmask"].string(); const int num_bitmask_bytes = std::max(num_blocks_per_piece / 8, 1); if ((int)bitmask.size() != num_bitmask_bytes) return; for (int j = 0; j < num_bitmask_bytes; ++j) { unsigned char bits = bitmask[j]; for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) { const int bit = j * 8 + k; if (bits & (1 << k)) p.finished_blocks[bit] = true; } } if (p.finished_blocks.count() == 0) continue; std::vector::iterator slot_iter = std::find(tmp_pieces.begin(), tmp_pieces.end(), p.index); if (slot_iter == tmp_pieces.end()) { // this piece is marked as unfinished // but doesn't have any storage return; } assert(*slot_iter == p.index); int slot_index = static_cast(slot_iter - tmp_pieces.begin()); unsigned long adler = torrent_ptr->filesystem().piece_crc( slot_index , torrent_ptr->block_size() , p.finished_blocks); entry::dictionary_type::iterator ad = i->dict().find("adler32"); if (ad != i->dict().end()) { // crc's didn't match, don't use the resume data if (ad->second.integer() != adler) return; } tmp_unfinished.push_back(p); } // verify file sizes std::vector file_sizes; entry::list_type& l = rd.dict()["file sizes"].list(); #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300 for (entry::list_type::iterator i = l.begin(); i != l.end(); ++i) { file_sizes.push_back(i->integer()); } #else // typedef entry::integer_type (entry::*mem_fun_type)() const; std::transform( l.begin() , l.end() , std::back_inserter(file_sizes) , boost::bind(&entry::integer, _1)); #endif if (!match_filesizes(info, save_path, file_sizes)) return; piece_map.swap(tmp_pieces); unfinished_pieces.swap(tmp_unfinished); } catch (invalid_encoding) { return; } catch (type_error) { return; } } }