/*

Copyright (c) 2007-2015, Arvid Norberg
All rights reserved.

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modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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      the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
      from this software without specific prior written permission.

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AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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*/

#ifndef TORRENT_UPNP_HPP
#define TORRENT_UPNP_HPP

#include "libtorrent/socket.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/error_code.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/broadcast_socket.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/http_connection.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/thread.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/deadline_timer.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/enum_net.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/resolver.hpp"

#include <boost/function/function1.hpp>
#include <boost/function/function4.hpp>
#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/enable_shared_from_this.hpp>
#include <set>

namespace libtorrent
{

	namespace upnp_errors
	{
		// error codes for the upnp_error_category. They hold error codes
		// returned by UPnP routers when mapping ports
		enum error_code_enum
		{
			// No error
			no_error = 0,
			// One of the arguments in the request is invalid
			invalid_argument = 402,
			// The request failed
			action_failed = 501,
			// The specified value does not exist in the array
			value_not_in_array = 714,
			// The source IP address cannot be wild-carded, but
			// must be fully specified
			source_ip_cannot_be_wildcarded = 715,
			// The external port cannot be wildcarded, but must
			// be specified
			external_port_cannot_be_wildcarded = 716,
			// The port mapping entry specified conflicts with a
			// mapping assigned previously to another client
			port_mapping_conflict = 718,
			// Internal and external port value must be the same
			internal_port_must_match_external = 724,
			// The NAT implementation only supports permanent
			// lease times on port mappings
			only_permanent_leases_supported = 725,
			// RemoteHost must be a wildcard and cannot be a
			// specific IP addres or DNS name
			remote_host_must_be_wildcard = 726,
			// ExternalPort must be a wildcard and cannot be a
			// specific port
			external_port_must_be_wildcard = 727
		};

		// hidden
		TORRENT_EXPORT boost::system::error_code make_error_code(error_code_enum e);
	}

	// the boost.system error category for UPnP errors
	TORRENT_EXPORT boost::system::error_category& get_upnp_category();

// int: port-mapping index
// address: external address as queried from router
// int: external port
// std::string: error message
// an empty string as error means success
// a port-mapping index of -1 means it's
// an informational log message
typedef boost::function<void(int, address, int, error_code const&)> portmap_callback_t;
typedef boost::function<void(char const*)> log_callback_t;

struct parse_state
{
	parse_state(): in_service(false) {}
	bool in_service;
	std::list<std::string> tag_stack;
	std::string control_url;
	std::string service_type;
	std::string model;
	std::string url_base;
	bool top_tags(const char* str1, const char* str2)
	{
		std::list<std::string>::reverse_iterator i = tag_stack.rbegin();
		if (i == tag_stack.rend()) return false;
		if (!string_equal_no_case(i->c_str(), str2)) return false;
		++i;
		if (i == tag_stack.rend()) return false;
		if (!string_equal_no_case(i->c_str(), str1)) return false;
		return true;
	}
};

TORRENT_EXTRA_EXPORT void find_control_url(int type, char const* string, parse_state& state);

// TODO: support using the windows API for UPnP operations as well
class TORRENT_EXTRA_EXPORT upnp : public boost::enable_shared_from_this<upnp>
{
public:
	upnp(io_service& ios
		, address const& listen_interface, std::string const& user_agent
		, portmap_callback_t const& cb, log_callback_t const& lcb
		, bool ignore_nonrouters);
	~upnp();

	void start();

	enum protocol_type { none = 0, udp = 1, tcp = 2 };

	// Attempts to add a port mapping for the specified protocol. Valid protocols are
	// ``upnp::tcp`` and ``upnp::udp`` for the UPnP class and ``natpmp::tcp`` and
	// ``natpmp::udp`` for the NAT-PMP class.
	//
	// ``external_port`` is the port on the external address that will be mapped. This
	// is a hint, you are not guaranteed that this port will be available, and it may
	// end up being something else. In the portmap_alert_ notification, the actual
	// external port is reported.
	//
	// ``local_port`` is the port in the local machine that the mapping should forward
	// to.
	//
	// The return value is an index that identifies this port mapping. This is used
	// to refer to mappings that fails or succeeds in the portmap_error_alert_ and
	// portmap_alert_ respectively. If The mapping fails immediately, the return value
	// is -1, which means failure. There will not be any error alert notification for
	// mappings that fail with a -1 return value.
	int add_mapping(protocol_type p, int external_port, int local_port);

	// This function removes a port mapping. ``mapping_index`` is the index that refers
	// to the mapping you want to remove, which was returned from add_mapping().
	void delete_mapping(int mapping_index);

	bool get_mapping(int mapping_index, int& local_port, int& external_port, int& protocol) const;

	void discover_device();
	void close();

	// This is only available for UPnP routers. If the model is advertized by
	// the router, it can be queried through this function.
	std::string router_model()
	{
		mutex::scoped_lock l(m_mutex);
		return m_model;
	}

private:

	boost::shared_ptr<upnp> self() { return shared_from_this(); }

	void map_timer(error_code const& ec);
	void try_map_upnp(mutex::scoped_lock& l, bool timer = false);
	void discover_device_impl(mutex::scoped_lock& l);
	static address_v4 upnp_multicast_address;
	static udp::endpoint upnp_multicast_endpoint;

	// there are routers that's don't support timed
	// port maps, without returning error 725. It seems
	// safer to always assume that we have to ask for
	// permanent leases
	enum { default_lease_time = 0 };

	void resend_request(error_code const& e);
	void on_reply(udp::endpoint const& from, char* buffer
		, std::size_t bytes_transferred);

	struct rootdevice;
	void next(rootdevice& d, int i, mutex::scoped_lock& l);
	void update_map(rootdevice& d, int i, mutex::scoped_lock& l);


	void on_upnp_xml(error_code const& e
		, libtorrent::http_parser const& p, rootdevice& d
		, http_connection& c);
	void on_upnp_get_ip_address_response(error_code const& e
		, libtorrent::http_parser const& p, rootdevice& d
		, http_connection& c);
	void on_upnp_map_response(error_code const& e
		, libtorrent::http_parser const& p, rootdevice& d
		, int mapping, http_connection& c);
	void on_upnp_unmap_response(error_code const& e
		, libtorrent::http_parser const& p, rootdevice& d
		, int mapping, http_connection& c);
	void on_expire(error_code const& e);

	void disable(error_code const& ec, mutex::scoped_lock& l);
	void return_error(int mapping, int code, mutex::scoped_lock& l);
	void log(char const* msg, mutex::scoped_lock& l);

	void get_ip_address(rootdevice& d);
	void delete_port_mapping(rootdevice& d, int i);
	void create_port_mapping(http_connection& c, rootdevice& d, int i);
	void post(upnp::rootdevice const& d, char const* soap
		, char const* soap_action, mutex::scoped_lock& l);

	int num_mappings() const { return int(m_mappings.size()); }

	struct global_mapping_t
	{
		global_mapping_t()
			: protocol(none)
			, external_port(0)
			, local_port(0)
		{}
		int protocol;
		int external_port;
		int local_port;
	};

	struct mapping_t
	{
		enum action_t { action_none, action_add, action_delete };
		mapping_t()
			: action(action_none)
			, local_port(0)
			, external_port(0)
			, protocol(none)
			, failcount(0)
		{}

		// the time the port mapping will expire
		time_point expires;

		int action;

		// the local port for this mapping. If this is set
		// to 0, the mapping is not in use
		int local_port;

		// the external (on the NAT router) port
		// for the mapping. This is the port we
		// should announce to others
		int external_port;

		// 2 = udp, 1 = tcp
		int protocol;

		// the number of times this mapping has failed
		int failcount;
	};

	struct rootdevice
	{
		rootdevice(): service_namespace(0)
			, port(0)
			, lease_duration(default_lease_time)
			, supports_specific_external(true)
			, disabled(false)
			, non_router(false)
		{
#if TORRENT_USE_ASSERTS
			magic = 1337;
#endif
		}

#if TORRENT_USE_ASSERTS
		~rootdevice()
		{
			TORRENT_ASSERT(magic == 1337);
			magic = 0;
		}
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
		rootdevice(rootdevice const& st) = default;
		rootdevice& operator=(rootdevice const& st) = default;
#endif
#endif

		// the interface url, through which the list of
		// supported interfaces are fetched
		std::string url;

		// the url to the WANIP or WANPPP interface
		std::string control_url;
		// either the WANIP namespace or the WANPPP namespace
		char const* service_namespace;

		std::vector<mapping_t> mapping;

		// this is the hostname, port and path
		// component of the url or the control_url
		// if it has been found
		std::string hostname;
		int port;
		std::string path;
		address external_ip;

		int lease_duration;
		// true if the device supports specifying a
		// specific external port, false if it doesn't
		bool supports_specific_external;

		bool disabled;

		// this is true if the IP of this device is not
		// one of our default routes. i.e. it may be someone
		// else's router, we just happen to have multicast
		// enabled across networks
		// this is only relevant if ignore_non_routers is set.
		bool non_router;

		mutable boost::shared_ptr<http_connection> upnp_connection;

#if TORRENT_USE_ASSERTS
		int magic;
#endif
		void close() const
		{
			TORRENT_ASSERT(magic == 1337);
			if (!upnp_connection) return;
			upnp_connection->close();
			upnp_connection.reset();
		}

		bool operator<(rootdevice const& rhs) const
		{ return url < rhs.url; }
	};

	struct upnp_state_t
	{
		std::vector<global_mapping_t> mappings;
		std::set<rootdevice> devices;
	};

	std::vector<global_mapping_t> m_mappings;

	std::string const& m_user_agent;

	// the set of devices we've found
	std::set<rootdevice> m_devices;

	portmap_callback_t m_callback;
	log_callback_t m_log_callback;

	// current retry count
	int m_retry_count;

	io_service& m_io_service;

	resolver m_resolver;

	// the udp socket used to send and receive
	// multicast messages on the network
	broadcast_socket m_socket;

	// used to resend udp packets in case
	// they time out
	deadline_timer m_broadcast_timer;

	// timer used to refresh mappings
	deadline_timer m_refresh_timer;

	// this timer fires one second after the last UPnP response. This is the
	// point where we assume we have received most or all SSDP reponses. If we
	// are ignoring non-routers and at this point we still haven't received a
	// response from a router UPnP device, we override the ignoring behavior and
	// map them anyway.
	deadline_timer m_map_timer;

	bool m_disabled;
	bool m_closing;
	bool m_ignore_non_routers;

	mutex m_mutex;

	std::string m_model;

	// cache of interfaces
	mutable std::vector<ip_interface> m_interfaces;
	mutable time_point m_last_if_update;
};

}

namespace boost { namespace system {

	template<> struct is_error_code_enum<libtorrent::upnp_errors::error_code_enum>
	{ static const bool value = true; };

	template<> struct is_error_condition_enum<libtorrent::upnp_errors::error_code_enum>
	{ static const bool value = true; };
} }

#endif

