This folder contains * Makefile skeletons for Apple MPW (Macintosh's Programmer's Workshop) * Python script to generate MPW makefile from skeleton * Metrowerks CodeWarrior 9.0 project file in XML format ------------------------------------------------------------ 1. What is this --------------- Files in this directory are designed to build FreeType running on classic MacOS. To build FreeType running on Mac OS X, build as the system is UNIX. However, Mac OS X is most useful to manipulate files in vanilla FreeType to fit classic MacOS. The information about MacOS specific API is written in appendix of this document. 2. Requirement -------------- You can use MPW: a free-charged developer environment by Apple, or CodeWarrior: a commercial developer environment by Metrowerks. GCC for MPW and Symantec "Think C" are not tested at present. 2-1. Apple MPW -------------- Following C compilers are tested: m68k target: Apple SC 8.9.0d3e1 ppc target: Apple MrC 5.0.0d3c1 The final MPW-GM (official release on 1999/Dec) is too old and cannot compile FreeType, because bundled C compilers cannot search header files in sub directories. Updating by the final MPW-PR (pre-release on 2001/Feb) is required. Required files are downloadable from: http://macintoshgarden.org/apps/macintosh-programmers-workshop Also you can find documents how to update by MPW-PR. Python is required to restore MPW makefiles from the skeletons. Python bundled to Mac OS X is enough. For classic MacOS, MacPython is available: https://homepages.cwi.nl/~jack/macpython/ MPW requires all files are typed by resource fork. ResEdit bundled to MPW is enough. In Mac OS X, /Developer/Tools/SetFile of DevTool is useful to manipulate from commandline. 2-2. Metrowerks CodeWarrior --------------------------- XML project file is generated and tested by CodeWarrior 9.0. Older versions are not tested at all. At present, static library for ppc target is available in the project file. 3. How to build --------------- 3-1. Apple MPW -------------- Detailed building procedure by Apple MPW is described in following. 3-1-1. Generate MPW makefiles from the skeletons ------------------------------------------------ Here are 4 skeletons for following targets are included. - FreeType.m68k_far.make.txt Ancient 32bit binary executable format for m68k MacOS: System 6, with 32bit addressing mode (far-pointer-model) So-called "Toolbox" API is used. - FreeType.m68k_cfm.make.txt CFM binary executable format for m68k MacOS: System 7. So-called "Toolbox" API is used. - FreeType.ppc_classic.make.txt CFM binary executable format for ppc MacOS: System 7, MacOS 8, MacOS 9. So-called "Toolbox" API is used. - FreeType.ppc_carbon.make.txt CFM binary executable format for ppc MacOS: MacOS 9. Carbon API is used. At present, static library is only supported, although targets except of m68k_far are capable to use shared library. MPW makefile syntax uses 8bit characters. To keep from violating them during version control, here we store skeletons in pure ASCII format. You must generate MPW makefile by Python script ascii2mpw.py. In Mac OS X terminal, you can convert as: python builds/mac/ascii2mpw.py \ < builds/mac/FreeType.m68k_far.make.txt \ > FreeType.m68k_far.make The skeletons are designed to use in the top directory where there are builds, include, src etc. You must name the generated MPW makefile by removing ".txt" from source skeleton name. 3-1-2. Add resource forks to related files ------------------------------------------ MPW's Make and C compilers cannot recognize files without resource fork. You have to add resource fork to the files that MPW uses. In Mac OS X terminal of the system, you can do as: find . -name '*.[ch]' -exec \ /Developer/Tools/SetFile -a l -c "MPS " -t TEXT \{\} \; find . -name '*.make' -exec \ /Developer/Tools/SetFile -a l -c "MPS " -t TEXT \{\} \; 3-1-3. Open MPW shell and build ------------------------------- Open MPW shell and go to the top directory that FreeType sources are extracted (MPW makefile must be located in there), from "Set Directory" in "Directory" menu. Choose "Build" from "Build" menu, and type the name of project by removing ".make" from MPW makefile, as: FreeType.m68k_far If building is successfully finished, you can find built library in objs/ directory. 3-2. Metrowerks CodeWarrior --------------------------- Detailed building procedure by Metrowerks CodeWarrior (CW) 9.0 is described in following. 3-2-1. Import XML project file ------------------------------ CW XML project file is not ready for double- click. Start CodeWarrior IDE, and choose "Import project" in "File" menu. Choose XML project file: builds/mac/ftlib.prj.xml. In next, you will be asked where to save CW native project file: you must choose "builds/mac/ftlib.prj". The project file is designed with relative path from there. After CW native project file is generated, it is automatically loaded, small project window titled "ftlib.prj" is displayed. 3-2-2. Building --------------- Choose "Make" from "Project" menu. If building is successfully finished, you can find built library at objs/FreeTypeLib. 4. TODO ------- 4-1. All modules should be included ----------------------------------- At present, MPW makefiles and CW project file are just updated versions of these by Leonard. Some modules are added after the last maintenance, they are not included. 4-2. Working test with ftdemos ------------------------------ At present, MPW makefiles and CW project file can build FreeType for classic MacOS. But their working behaviours are not tested at all. Building ftdemos for classic MacOS and working test is required. APPENDIX I ---------- A-1. Framework dependencies --------------------------- src/base/ftmac.c adds two Mac-specific features to FreeType. These features are based on MacOS libraries. * accessing resource-fork font The fonts for classic MacOS store their graphical data in resource forks which cannot be accessed via ANSI C functions. FreeType2 provides functions to handle such resource fork fonts, they are based on File Manager framework of MacOS. In addition, HFS and HFS+ file system driver of Linux is supported. Following functions are for this purpose. FT_New_Face_From_Resource() FT_New_Face_From_FSSpec() FT_New_Face_From_FSRef() * resolving font name to font file The font menu of MacOS application prefers font name written in FOND resource than sfnt resource. FreeType2 provides functions to find font file by name in MacOS application, they are based on QuickDraw Font Manager and Apple Type Service framework of MacOS. FT_GetFile_From_Mac_Name() FT_GetFile_From_Mac_ATS_Name() Working functions for each MacOS are summarized as following. upto MacOS 6: not tested (you have to obtain MPW 2.x) MacOS 7.x, 8.x, 9.x (without CarbonLib): FT_GetFile_From_Mac_Name() FT_New_Face_From_Resource() FT_New_Face_From_FSSpec() MacOS 9.x (with CarbonLib): FT_GetFile_From_Mac_Name() FT_New_Face_From_Resource() FT_New_Face_From_FSSpec() FT_New_Face_From_FSRef() Mac OS X upto 10.4.x: FT_GetFile_From_Mac_Name() deprecated FT_New_Face_From_FSSpec() deprecated FT_GetFile_From_Mac_ATS_Name() deprecated? FT_New_Face_From_FSRef() A-2. Deprecated Functions ------------------------- A-2-1. FileManager ------------------ For convenience to write MacOS application, ftmac.c provides functions to specify a file by FSSpec and FSRef, because the file identification pathname had ever been unrecommended method in MacOS programming. Toward to MacOS X 10.4 & 5, Carbon functions using FSSpec datatype is noticed as deprecated, and recommended to migrate to FSRef datatype. The big differences of FSRef against FSSpec are explained in Apple TechNotes 2078. https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn2078/ - filename length: the max length of file name of FSRef is 255 chars (it is limit of HFS+), that of FSSpec is 31 chars (it is limit of HFS). - filename encoding: FSSpec is localized by legacy encoding for each language system, FSRef is Unicode enabled. A-2-2. FontManager ------------------ Following functions receive QuickDraw fontname: FT_GetFile_From_Mac_Name() QuickDraw is deprecated and replaced by Quartz since Mac OS X 10.4. They are still kept for backward compatibility. By undefinition of HAVE_QUICKDRAW in building, you can change these functions to return FT_Err_Unimplemented always. Replacement functions are added for migration. FT_GetFile_From_Mac_ATS_Name() They are usable on Mac OS X only. On older systems, these functions return FT_Err_Unimplemented always. The detailed incompatibilities and possibility of FontManager emulation without QuickDraw is explained in http://gyvern.ipc.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~mpsuzuki/ats_benchmark.html A-3. Framework Availabilities ----------------------------- The framework of MacOS are often revised, especially when new format of binary executable is introduced. Following table is the minimum version of frameworks to use functions used in FreeType2. The table is extracted from MPW header files for assembly language. *** NOTE *** The conditional definition of available data type in MPW compiler is insufficient. You can compile program using FSRef data type for older systems (MacOS 7, 8) that don't know FSRef data type. +-------------------+-----------------------------+ CPU | mc680x0 | PowerPC | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ Binary Executable Format | Classic | 68K-CFM | CFM | CFM | Mach-O | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ Framework API | Toolbox | Toolbox | Toolbox | Carbon | Carbon | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | ?(*) |Interface|Interface|CarbonLib|Mac OS X | | |Lib |Lib | | | * Files.h +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ PBGetFCBInfoSync() | o | 7.1- | 7.1- | 1.0- | o | FSMakeFSSpec() | o | 7.1- | 7.1- | 1.0- | o | FSGetForkCBInfo() | o | (**) | 9.0- | 1.0- | o | FSpMakeFSRef() | o | (**) | 9.0- | 1.0- | o | FSGetCatalogInfo() | o | (**) | 9.0- | 1.0- | -10.3 | FSPathMakeRef() | x | x | x | 1.1- | -10.3 | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | ?(*) |Font |Font |CarbonLib|Mac OS X | | |Manager |Manager | | | * Fonts.h +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ FMCreateFontFamilyIterator() | x | x | 9.0- | 1.0- | -10.3 | FMDisposeFontFamilyIterator() | x | x | 9.0- | 1.0- | -10.3 | FMGetNextFontFamily() | x | x | 9.0- | 1.0- | -10.3 | FMGetFontFamilyName() | x | x | 9.0- | 1.0- | -10.3 | FMCreateFontFamilyInstanceIterator() | x | x | 9.0- | 1.0- | -10.3 | FMDisposeFontFamilyInstanceIterator() | x | x | 9.0- | 1.0- | -10.3 | FMGetNextFontFamilyInstance() | x | x | 9.0- | 1.0- | -10.3 | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | - | - | - |CarbonLib|Mac OS X | * ATSFont.h (***) +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ ATSFontFindFromName() | x | x | x | x | o | ATSFontGetFileSpecification() | x | x | x | x | o | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ (*) In the "Classic": the original binary executable format, these framework functions are directly transformed to MacOS system call. Therefore, the exact availability should be checked by running system. (**) InterfaceLib is bundled to MacOS and its version is usually equal to MacOS. There's no separate update for InterfaceLib. It is supposed that there's no InterfaceLib 9.x for m68k platforms. In fact, these functions are FSRef dependent. (***) ATSUI framework is available on ATSUnicode 8.5 on ppc Toolbox CFM, CarbonLib 1.0 too. But its base: ATS font manager is not published in these versions. ------------------------------------------------------------ Last update: 2013-Nov-03. Currently maintained by suzuki toshiya, Originally prepared by Leonard Rosenthol, Just van Rossum,