/*
 * Raster image operations for OverLua
 *

    Copyright 2007  Niels Martin Hansen

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

    Contact:
    E-mail: <jiifurusu@gmail.com>
    IRC: jfs in #aegisub on irc.rizon.net

 */

#include "cairo_wrap.h"
#include "image.h"
#include <math.h>
#include <omp.h>
#include <stdint.h>

#include "expression_engine.h"
#include "raster_ops.h"
#include "../lua51/src/lauxlib.h"

/*#define cimg_display_type 0
#include "CImg.h"
using namespace cimg_library;


// Type of images processed
typedef CImg<unsigned char> Img;

// Make an Img representing the image of a cairo image surface
// from the Lua wrapper of cairo.
static inline Img ImgFromSurf(lua_State *L, int idx)
{
	LuaCairoSurface *surfobj = LuaCairoSurface::GetObjPointer(L, idx);
	cairo_surface_t *surf = surfobj->GetSurface();
	if (cairo_surface_get_type(surf) != CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_IMAGE) {
		lua_pushliteral(L, "Object for raster operation is not an image surface. Video frames are not accepted.");
		lua_error(L);
	}
	cairo_surface_flush(surf);

	int width = cairo_image_surface_get_width(surf);
	int height = cairo_image_surface_get_height(surf);
	int stride = cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surf);
	int dim = 0;
	switch (cairo_image_surface_get_format(surf)) {
		case CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32:
		case CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24:
			dim = 4;
			break;
		case CAIRO_FORMAT_A8:
			dim = 1;
			break;
		case CAIRO_FORMAT_A1:
			lua_pushliteral(L, "1 bpp image surfaces are not supported for raster operations");
			lua_error(L);
			break;
		default:
			lua_pushliteral(L, "Unknown pixel format for image surface");
			lua_error(L);
	}

	unsigned char *data = cairo_image_surface_get_data(surf);

	Img res;

	// Copy over data
	if (dim == 4) {
		res = Img(width, height, 1, 4);
		unsigned char *ptrA, *ptrR, *ptrG, *ptrB;
		ptrA = res.ptr(0, 0, 0, 0);
		ptrR = res.ptr(0, 0, 0, 1);
		ptrG = res.ptr(0, 0, 0, 2);
		ptrB = res.ptr(0, 0, 0, 3);
		// Can't use cimg_mapXY since we need to take stride into account
		for (int row = 0; row < height; row++) {
			unsigned char *ptrI = data + row*stride;
			for (int x = width-1; x > 0; x--) {
				*(ptrA)++ = *(ptrI++);
				*(ptrR)++ = *(ptrI++);
				*(ptrG)++ = *(ptrI++);
				*(ptrB)++ = *(ptrI++);
			}
		}
	}
	else if (dim == 1) {
		// Also need to take stride into account here
		res = Img(width, height, 1, 1);
		unsigned char *ptrO = res.ptr(0, 0, 0, 0);
		for (int row = 0; row < height; row++) {
			unsigned char *ptrI = data + row*stride;
			for (int x = width-1; x > 0; x--) {
				*(ptrO++) = *(ptrI++);
			}
		}
	}

	return res;
}

static inline void ImgToSurf(lua_State *L, int idx, const Img &img)
{
	// Assume it has already been checked that a suitable surface is in the stack index
	LuaCairoSurface *surfobj = LuaCairoSurface::GetObjPointer(L, idx);
	cairo_surface_t *surf = surfobj->GetSurface();

	int width = cairo_image_surface_get_width(surf);
	int height = cairo_image_surface_get_height(surf);
	int stride = cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surf);
	int dim = 0;
	switch (cairo_image_surface_get_format(surf)) {
		case CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32:
		case CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24:
			dim = 4;
			break;
		case CAIRO_FORMAT_A8:
			dim = 1;
			break;
		case CAIRO_FORMAT_A1:
			lua_pushliteral(L, "1 bpp image surfaces are not supported for raster operations");
			lua_error(L);
			break;
		default:
			lua_pushliteral(L, "Unknown pixel format for image surface");
			lua_error(L);
	}

	if (width != img.dimx() || height != img.dimy() || dim != img.dimv()) {
		lua_pushliteral(L, "Internal error, attempting to write back CImg to image surface with mismatching dimensions");
		lua_error(L);
	}

	unsigned char *data = cairo_image_surface_get_data(surf);

	// Copy over data
	if (dim == 4) {
		const unsigned char *ptrA, *ptrR, *ptrG, *ptrB;
		ptrA = img.ptr(0, 0, 0, 0);
		ptrR = img.ptr(0, 0, 0, 1);
		ptrG = img.ptr(0, 0, 0, 2);
		ptrB = img.ptr(0, 0, 0, 3);
		// Can't use cimg_mapXY since we need to take stride into account
		for (int row = 0; row < height; row++) {
			unsigned char *ptrO = data + row*stride;
			for (int x = width-1; x > 0; x--) {
				*(ptrO)++ = *(ptrA++);
				*(ptrO)++ = *(ptrR++);
				*(ptrO)++ = *(ptrG++);
				*(ptrO)++ = *(ptrB++);
			}
		}
	}
	else if (dim == 1) {
		// Also need to take stride into account here
		const unsigned char *ptrI = img.ptr(0, 0, 0, 0);
		for (int row = 0; row < height; row++) {
			unsigned char *ptrO = data + row*stride;
			for (int x = width-1; x > 0; x--) {
				*(ptrO++) = *(ptrI++);
			}
		}
	}

	cairo_surface_mark_dirty(surf);
}*/

static inline cairo_surface_t *CheckSurface(lua_State *L, int idx)
{
	LuaCairoSurface *surfobj = LuaCairoSurface::GetObjPointer(L, idx);
	cairo_surface_t *surf = surfobj->GetSurface();
	if (cairo_surface_get_type(surf) != CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_IMAGE) {
		lua_pushliteral(L, "Object for raster operation is not an image surface. Video frames are not accepted.");
		lua_error(L);
	}
	return surf;
}

static inline double NormalDist(double sigma, double x)
{
	if (sigma <= 0 && x == 0) return 1;
	else if (sigma <= 0) return 0;
	else return exp(-(x*x)/(2*sigma*sigma)) / (sigma * sqrt(2*3.1415926535));
}


// Filter an image in horizontal direction with a one-dimensional filter
// PixelWidth is the distance in bytes between pixels
template<ptrdiff_t PixelWidth>
void SeparableFilterX(unsigned char *src, unsigned char *dst, int width, int height, ptrdiff_t stride, int *kernel, int kernel_size, int divisor)
{
#pragma omp parallel for
	for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
		unsigned char *in = src + y*stride;
		unsigned char *out = dst + y*stride;
		for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
			int accum = 0;
			for (int k = 0; k < kernel_size; k++) {
				int xofs = k - kernel_size/2;
				//if (x+xofs < 0 || x+xofs >= width) continue;
				if (x+xofs < 0) xofs += width;
				if (x+xofs >= width) xofs -= width;
				accum += (int)(in[xofs*PixelWidth] * kernel[k]);
			}
			accum /= divisor;
			if (accum > 255) accum = 255;
			if (accum < 0) accum = 0;
			*out = (unsigned char)accum;
			in+=PixelWidth;
			out+=PixelWidth;
		}
	}
}


// Filter an image in vertical direction with a one-dimensional filter
// This one templated with PixelWidth since the channel interlacing is horizontal only,
// filtering once vertically will automatically catch all channels.
// (Width must be multiplied by pixel width for that to happen though.)
void SeparableFilterY(unsigned char *src, unsigned char *dst, int width, int height, ptrdiff_t stride, int *kernel, int kernel_size, int divisor)
{
#pragma omp parallel for
	for (int  x = 0; x < width; x++) {
		unsigned char *in = src + x;
		unsigned char *out = dst + x;
		for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
			int accum = 0;
			for (int k = 0; k < kernel_size; k++) {
				int yofs = k - kernel_size/2;
				//if (y+yofs < 0 || y+yofs >= height) continue;
				if (y+yofs < 0) yofs += height;
				if (y+yofs >= height) yofs -= height;
				accum += (int)(in[yofs*stride] * kernel[k]);
			}
			accum /= divisor;
			if (accum > 255) accum = 255;
			if (accum < 0) accum = 0;
			*out = (unsigned char)accum;
			in += stride;
			out += stride;
		}
	}
}


// Apply a simple separable FIR filter to an image
void ApplySeparableFilter(lua_State *L, cairo_surface_t *surf, int *kernel, int kernel_size, int divisor)
{
	// Get surface properties
	cairo_surface_flush(surf);
	int width = cairo_image_surface_get_width(surf);
	int height = cairo_image_surface_get_height(surf);
	ptrdiff_t stride = (ptrdiff_t)cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surf);
	cairo_format_t format = cairo_image_surface_get_format(surf);
	unsigned char *data = cairo_image_surface_get_data(surf);

	if (format != CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32 && format != CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24 && format != CAIRO_FORMAT_A8) {
		lua_pushliteral(L, "Unsupported image format for raster operation");
		lua_error(L);
	}

	// Work image
	unsigned char *wimg = new unsigned char[height*stride];

	// Do the filtering
	if (format == CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32 || format == CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24) {
		// Horizontal
		SeparableFilterX<4>(data+0, wimg+0, width, height, stride, kernel, kernel_size, divisor);
		SeparableFilterX<4>(data+1, wimg+1, width, height, stride, kernel, kernel_size, divisor);
		SeparableFilterX<4>(data+2, wimg+2, width, height, stride, kernel, kernel_size, divisor);
		SeparableFilterX<4>(data+3, wimg+3, width, height, stride, kernel, kernel_size, divisor);
		// Vertical
		//memcpy(data, wimg, height*stride);
		SeparableFilterY(wimg, data, width*4, height, stride, kernel, kernel_size, divisor);
	} else if (format == CAIRO_FORMAT_A8) {
		// Horizontal
		SeparableFilterX<1>(data, wimg, width, height, stride, kernel, kernel_size, divisor);
		// Vertical
		SeparableFilterY(wimg, data, width, height, stride, kernel, kernel_size, divisor);
	}

	// Clean up
	cairo_surface_mark_dirty(surf);
	delete[] wimg;
}


// Apply a general filter an image
template <class FilterType>
void ApplyGeneralFilter(lua_State *L, cairo_surface_t *surf, FilterType &filter)
{
	// Get surface properties
	cairo_surface_flush(surf);
	int width = cairo_image_surface_get_width(surf);
	int height = cairo_image_surface_get_height(surf);
	ptrdiff_t stride = (ptrdiff_t)cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surf);
	cairo_format_t format = cairo_image_surface_get_format(surf);
	unsigned char *data = cairo_image_surface_get_data(surf);

	if (format != CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32 && format != CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24 && format != CAIRO_FORMAT_A8) {
		lua_pushliteral(L, "Unsupported image format for raster operation");
		lua_error(L);
	}

	// Source image copy
	unsigned char *wimg = new unsigned char[height*stride];
	memcpy(wimg, data, height*stride);

	if (format == CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32) {
		BaseImage<PixelFormat::cairo_argb32> src(width, height, stride, wimg);
		BaseImage<PixelFormat::cairo_argb32> dst(width, height, stride, data);
#pragma omp parallel for
		for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
			for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
				dst.Pixel(x,y) = filter.argb32(src, x, y);
			}
		}

	} else if (format == CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24) {
		BaseImage<PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24> src(width, height, stride, wimg);
		BaseImage<PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24> dst(width, height, stride, data);
#pragma omp parallel for
		for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
			for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
				dst.Pixel(x,y) = filter.rgb24(src, x, y);
			}
		}

	} else if (format == CAIRO_FORMAT_A8) {
		BaseImage<PixelFormat::A8> src(width, height, stride, wimg);
		BaseImage<PixelFormat::A8> dst(width, height, stride, data);
#pragma omp parallel for
		for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
			for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
				dst.Pixel(x,y) = filter.a8(src, x, y);
			}
		}
	}

	// Clean up
	cairo_surface_mark_dirty(surf);
	delete[] wimg;
}


struct GaussianKernel {
	int *kernel;
	int width;
	int divisor;
	GaussianKernel(double sigma)
	{
		width = (int)(sigma*3 + 0.5) | 1; // binary-or with 1 to make sure the number is odd
		if (width < 3) width = 3;
		kernel = new int[width];
		kernel[width/2] = (int)(NormalDist(sigma, 0) * 255);
		divisor = kernel[width/2];
		for (int x = width/2-1; x >= 0; x--) {
			int val = (int)(NormalDist(sigma, width/2-x) * 255 + 0.5);
			divisor += val*2;
			kernel[x] = val;
			kernel[width - x - 1] = val;
		}
	}
	~GaussianKernel()
	{
		delete[] kernel;
	}
};


// raster.gaussian_blur(imgsurf, sigma)
static int gaussian_blur(lua_State *L)
{
	// Get arguments
	cairo_surface_t *surf = CheckSurface(L, 1);
	double sigma = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);

	// Generate gaussian kernel
	GaussianKernel gk(sigma);

	ApplySeparableFilter(L, surf, gk.kernel, gk.width, gk.divisor);

	return 0;
}


// n tap box blur
static int box_blur(lua_State *L)
{
	cairo_surface_t *surf = CheckSurface(L, 1);
	int width = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
	if (width <= 0) { luaL_error(L, "Width of box kernel for raster.box must be larger than zero, specified to %d.", width); return 0; }
	int applications = luaL_optint(L, 3, 1);
	int *kernel = new int[width];
	for (int i = 0; i < width; i++)
		kernel[i] = 1;
	while (applications-- > 0)
		ApplySeparableFilter(L, surf, kernel, width, width);
	delete[] kernel;
	return 0;
}


// TODO: figure out how to make this use bilinear pixel grabbing instead
struct DirectionalBlurFilter {
	GaussianKernel gk;
	double xstep, ystep;
	DirectionalBlurFilter(double angle, double sigma) :
		gk(sigma)
	{
		xstep = cos(angle);
		ystep = -sin(angle);
	}
	inline PixelFormat::A8 a8(BaseImage<PixelFormat::A8> &src, int x, int y)
	{
		int a = 0;
		for (int t = -gk.width/2, i = 0; i < gk.width; t++, i++) {
			PixelFormat::A8 &srcpx = GetPixelBilinear<PixelFormat::A8, EdgeCondition::Repeat<PixelFormat::A8> >(src, x+xstep*t, y+ystep*t);
			//PixelFormat::A8 &srcpx = EdgeCondition::repeat(src, (int)(x+xstep*t), (int)(y+ystep*t));
			a += srcpx.A() * gk.kernel[i];
		}
		PixelFormat::A8 res;
		a = a / gk.divisor; if (a < 0) a = 0; if (a > 255) a = 255;
		res.A() = a;
		return res;
	}
	inline PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24 rgb24(BaseImage<PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24> &src, int x, int y)
	{
		int r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
		for (int t = -gk.width/2, i = 0; i < gk.width; t++, i++) {
			PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24 &srcpx = GetPixelBilinear<PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24, EdgeCondition::Repeat<PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24> >(src, x+xstep*t, y+ystep*t);
			//PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24 &srcpx = EdgeCondition::repeat(src, (int)(x+xstep*t), (int)(y+ystep*t));
			r += srcpx.R() * gk.kernel[i];
			g += srcpx.G() * gk.kernel[i];
			b += srcpx.B() * gk.kernel[i];
		}
		PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24 res;
		r = r / gk.divisor; if (r < 0) r = 0; if (r > 255) r = 255;
		g = g / gk.divisor; if (g < 0) g = 0; if (g > 255) g = 255;
		b = b / gk.divisor; if (b < 0) b = 0; if (b > 255) b = 255;
		res.R() = r;
		res.G() = g;
		res.B() = b;
		return res;
	}
	inline PixelFormat::cairo_argb32 argb32(BaseImage<PixelFormat::cairo_argb32> &src, int x, int y)
	{
		int a = 0, r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
		for (int t = -gk.width/2, i = 0; i < gk.width; t++, i++) {
			PixelFormat::cairo_argb32 &srcpx = GetPixelBilinear<PixelFormat::cairo_argb32, EdgeCondition::Repeat<PixelFormat::cairo_argb32> >(src, x+xstep*t, y+ystep*t);
			//PixelFormat::cairo_argb32 &srcpx = EdgeCondition::repeat(src, (int)(x+xstep*t), (int)(y+ystep*t));
			a += srcpx.A() * gk.kernel[i];
			r += srcpx.R() * gk.kernel[i];
			g += srcpx.G() * gk.kernel[i];
			b += srcpx.B() * gk.kernel[i];
		}
		PixelFormat::cairo_argb32 res;
		a = a / gk.divisor; if (a < 0) a = 0; if (a > 255) a = 255;
		r = r / gk.divisor; if (r < 0) r = 0; if (r > 255) r = 255;
		g = g / gk.divisor; if (g < 0) g = 0; if (g > 255) g = 255;
		b = b / gk.divisor; if (b < 0) b = 0; if (b > 255) b = 255;
		res.A() = a;
		res.R() = r;
		res.G() = g;
		res.B() = b;
		return res;
	}
};


static int directional_blur(lua_State *L)
{
	cairo_surface_t *surf = CheckSurface(L, 1);
	double angle = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
	double sigma = luaL_checknumber(L, 3);

	DirectionalBlurFilter filter(angle, sigma);
	ApplyGeneralFilter(L, surf, filter);

	return 0;
}


struct RadialBlurFilter {
	GaussianKernel gk;
	int cx, cy;
	RadialBlurFilter(int x, int y, double sigma) :
		gk(sigma), cx(x), cy(y)
	{
	}
	inline PixelFormat::A8 a8(BaseImage<PixelFormat::A8> &src, int x, int y)
	{
		if (x == cx && y == cy) return src.Pixel(x, y);
		double xstep = x-cx, ystep = y-cy, ivlen = 1/sqrt(xstep*xstep+ystep*ystep);
		xstep *= ivlen; ystep *= ivlen;
		int divisor = 0;
		int a = 0;
		for (int t = 0, i = gk.width/2; i < gk.width; t++, i++) {
			PixelFormat::A8 &srcpx = GetPixelBilinear<PixelFormat::A8, EdgeCondition::Repeat<PixelFormat::A8> >(src, x+xstep*t, y+ystep*t);
			//PixelFormat::A8 &srcpx = EdgeCondition::repeat(src, (int)(x+xstep*t), (int)(y+ystep*t));
			a += srcpx.A() * gk.kernel[i];
			divisor += gk.kernel[i];
		}
		PixelFormat::A8 res;
		a = a / divisor; if (a < 0) a = 0; if (a > 255) a = 255;
		res.A() = a;
		return res;
	}
	inline PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24 rgb24(BaseImage<PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24> &src, int x, int y)
	{
		if (x == cx && y == cy) return src.Pixel(x, y);
		double xstep = x-cx, ystep = y-cy, ivlen = 1/sqrt(xstep*xstep+ystep*ystep);
		xstep *= ivlen; ystep *= ivlen;
		int divisor = 0;
		int r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
		for (int t = 0, i = gk.width/2; i < gk.width; t++, i++) {
			PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24 &srcpx = GetPixelBilinear<PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24, EdgeCondition::Repeat<PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24> >(src, x+xstep*t, y+ystep*t);
			//PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24 &srcpx = EdgeCondition::repeat(src, (int)(x+xstep*t), (int)(y+ystep*t));
			r += srcpx.R() * gk.kernel[i];
			g += srcpx.G() * gk.kernel[i];
			b += srcpx.B() * gk.kernel[i];
			divisor += gk.kernel[i];
		}
		PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24 res;
		r = r / divisor; if (r < 0) r = 0; if (r > 255) r = 255;
		g = g / divisor; if (g < 0) g = 0; if (g > 255) g = 255;
		b = b / divisor; if (b < 0) b = 0; if (b > 255) b = 255;
		res.R() = r;
		res.G() = g;
		res.B() = b;
		return res;
	}
	inline PixelFormat::cairo_argb32 argb32(BaseImage<PixelFormat::cairo_argb32> &src, int x, int y)
	{
		if (x == cx && y == cy) return src.Pixel(x, y);
		double xstep = x-cx, ystep = y-cy, ivlen = 1/sqrt(xstep*xstep+ystep*ystep);
		xstep *= ivlen; ystep *= ivlen;
		int divisor = 0;
		int a = 0, r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
		for (int t = 0, i = gk.width/2; i < gk.width; t++, i++) {
			PixelFormat::cairo_argb32 &srcpx = GetPixelBilinear<PixelFormat::cairo_argb32, EdgeCondition::Repeat<PixelFormat::cairo_argb32> >(src, x+xstep*t, y+ystep*t);
			//PixelFormat::cairo_argb32 &srcpx = EdgeCondition::repeat(src, (int)(x+xstep*t), (int)(y+ystep*t));
			a += srcpx.A() * gk.kernel[i];
			r += srcpx.R() * gk.kernel[i];
			g += srcpx.G() * gk.kernel[i];
			b += srcpx.B() * gk.kernel[i];
			divisor += gk.kernel[i];
		}
		PixelFormat::cairo_argb32 res;
		a = a / divisor; if (a < 0) a = 0; if (a > 255) a = 255;
		r = r / divisor; if (r < 0) r = 0; if (r > 255) r = 255;
		g = g / divisor; if (g < 0) g = 0; if (g > 255) g = 255;
		b = b / divisor; if (b < 0) b = 0; if (b > 255) b = 255;
		res.A() = a;
		res.R() = r;
		res.G() = g;
		res.B() = b;
		return res;
	}
};


static int radial_blur(lua_State *L)
{
	cairo_surface_t *surf = CheckSurface(L, 1);
	int x = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
	int y = luaL_checkint(L, 3);
	double sigma = luaL_checknumber(L, 4);

	RadialBlurFilter filter(x, y, sigma);
	ApplyGeneralFilter(L, surf, filter);

	return 0;
}


static int invert_image(lua_State *L)
{
	cairo_surface_t *surf = CheckSurface(L, 1);
	cairo_surface_flush(surf);
	int width = cairo_image_surface_get_width(surf);
	int height = cairo_image_surface_get_height(surf);
	ptrdiff_t stride = (ptrdiff_t)cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surf);
	unsigned char *data = cairo_image_surface_get_data(surf);
	cairo_format_t format = cairo_image_surface_get_format(surf);

	// ARGB32 and RGB24 must be treated differently due to the premultipled alpha in ARGB32
	// Also the alpha in ARGB32 is not inverted, only the colour channels
	if (format == CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32) {
#pragma omp parallel for
		for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
			uint32_t *line = (uint32_t*)(data + y*stride);
			for (int x = 0; x < width; x++, line++) {
				// The R, G and B channels are in range 0..a, and inverting means calculating
				// max-current, so inversion here is a-c for each channel.
				unsigned char a = (*line & 0xff000000) >> 24;
				unsigned char r = (*line & 0x00ff0000) >> 16;
				unsigned char g = (*line & 0x0000ff00) >> 8;
				unsigned char b = *line & 0x000000ff;
				*line = (a<<24) | ((a-r)<<16) | ((a-g)<<8) | (a-b);
			}
		}
	}
	else if (format == CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24) {
#pragma omp parallel for
		for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
			uint32_t *line = (uint32_t*)(data + y*stride);
			for (int x = 0; x < width; x++, line++) {
				// Invert R, G and B channels by XOR'ing them with 0xff each.
				*line = *line ^ 0x00ffffff;
			}
		}
	}
	else if (format == CAIRO_FORMAT_A8) {
#pragma omp parallel for
		for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
			unsigned char *line = data + y*stride;
			for (int x = 0; x < width; x++, line++) {
				*line = ~ *line;
			}
		}
	}
	else if (format == CAIRO_FORMAT_A1) {
		int lwidth = (width + 31) / 32; // "long-width", width in 32 bit longints, rounded up
#pragma omp parallel for
		for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
			// Pixels are stored packed into 32 bit quantities
			uint32_t *line = (uint32_t*)(data + y*stride);
			for (int x = 0; x < lwidth; x++, line++) {
				// Yes this means we might end up inverting too many bits.. hopefully won't happen.
				// (And even then, who would seriously use A1 surfaces?)
				*line = ~ *line;
			}
		}
	}

	cairo_surface_mark_dirty(surf);

	return 0;
}


static int separable_filter(lua_State *L)
{
	cairo_surface_t *surf = CheckSurface(L, 1);
	if (!lua_istable(L, 2)) {
		luaL_error(L, "Expected table as second argument to raster.separable_filter, got %s", luaL_typename(L, 2));
		return 0;
	}
	int divisor = luaL_checkint(L, 3);

	int width = (int)lua_objlen(L, 2);
	if (width < 1) {
		luaL_error(L, "Cannot apply empty filter");
		return 0;
	}
	int *kernel = new int[width];
	int i = 0;
	lua_pushnil(L);
	while (lua_next(L, 2)) {
		if (lua_isnumber(L, -1)) {
			kernel[i] = (int)lua_tointeger(L, -1);
		}
		i++;
		lua_pop(L, 1);
	}

	ApplySeparableFilter(L, surf, kernel, width, divisor);

	delete[] kernel;

	return 0;
}


static int pixel_value_map(lua_State *L)
{
	cairo_surface_t *surf = CheckSurface(L, 1);
	const char *program = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);

	// Set up engine specs
	ExpressionEngine::Specification spec;
	spec.registers.resize(5);
	spec.registers[0] = "R";
	spec.registers[1] = "G";
	spec.registers[2] = "B";
	spec.registers[3] = "X";
	spec.registers[4] = "Y";

	// Compile program
	ExpressionEngine::Machine machine;
	try {
		machine = ExpressionEngine::Machine(spec, program);
	}
	catch (const char *e) {
		// This is a parse error
		luaL_error(L, "Error in expression program near\"%s\"", e);
	}

	// Init image
	cairo_surface_flush(surf);
	int width = cairo_image_surface_get_width(surf);
	int height = cairo_image_surface_get_height(surf);
	ptrdiff_t stride = (ptrdiff_t)cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surf);
	unsigned char *data = cairo_image_surface_get_data(surf);
	cairo_format_t format = cairo_image_surface_get_format(surf);

	if (format == CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32) {
		BaseImage<PixelFormat::cairo_argb32> img(width, height, stride, data);
		for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
			for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
				PixelFormat::cairo_argb32 &p = img.Pixel(x, y);
				machine.registers[0] = (double)p.R() / 255.0;
				machine.registers[1] = (double)p.G() / 255.0;
				machine.registers[2] = (double)p.B() / 255.0;
				machine.registers[3] = (double)p.A() / 255.0;
				machine.registers[4] = x;
				machine.registers[5] = y;
				machine.Run();
				p.R() = (uint8_t)(machine.registers[0] * 255);
				p.G() = (uint8_t)(machine.registers[1] * 255);
				p.B() = (uint8_t)(machine.registers[2] * 255);
				p.A() = (uint8_t)(machine.registers[3] * 255);
			}
		}
	}
	else if (format == CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24) {
		BaseImage<PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24> img(width, height, stride, data);
		for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
			for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
				PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24 &p = img.Pixel(x, y);
				machine.registers[0] = (double)p.R() / 255.0;
				machine.registers[1] = (double)p.G() / 255.0;
				machine.registers[2] = (double)p.B() / 255.0;
				machine.registers[3] = x;
				machine.registers[4] = y;
				machine.Run();
				p.R() = (uint8_t)(machine.registers[0] * 255);
				p.G() = (uint8_t)(machine.registers[1] * 255);
				p.B() = (uint8_t)(machine.registers[2] * 255);
			}
		}
	}
	else {
		luaL_error(L, "Unsupported pixel format");
	}

	cairo_surface_mark_dirty(surf);

	return 0;
}


static int pixel_coord_map(lua_State *L)
{
	cairo_surface_t *surf = CheckSurface(L, 1);
	const char *program = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);

	// Set up engine specs
	ExpressionEngine::Specification spec;
	spec.registers.resize(2);
	spec.registers[0] = "X";
	spec.registers[1] = "Y";

	// Compile program
	ExpressionEngine::Machine machine;
	try {
		machine = ExpressionEngine::Machine(spec, program);
	}
	catch (const char *e) {
		// This is a parse error
		luaL_error(L, "Error in expression program near\"%s\"", e);
	}

	// Init image
	cairo_surface_flush(surf);
	int width = cairo_image_surface_get_width(surf);
	int height = cairo_image_surface_get_height(surf);
	ptrdiff_t stride = (ptrdiff_t)cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surf);
	unsigned char *data = cairo_image_surface_get_data(surf);
	cairo_format_t format = cairo_image_surface_get_format(surf);

	unsigned char *work = new unsigned char[height * stride];
	memcpy(work, data, height*stride);

	if (format == CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32) {
		BaseImage<PixelFormat::cairo_argb32> simg(width, height, stride, work);
		BaseImage<PixelFormat::cairo_argb32> dimg(width, height, stride, data);
		for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
			for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
				machine.registers[0] = x;
				machine.registers[1] = y;
				machine.Run();
				dimg.Pixel(x, y) = GetPixelBilinear<PixelFormat::cairo_argb32, EdgeCondition::Mirror<PixelFormat::cairo_argb32> >(simg, machine.registers[0], machine.registers[1]);
			}
		}
	}
	else if (format == CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24) {
		BaseImage<PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24> simg(width, height, stride, work);
		BaseImage<PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24> dimg(width, height, stride, data);
		for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
			for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
				machine.registers[0] = x;
				machine.registers[1] = y;
				machine.Run();
				dimg.Pixel(x, y) = GetPixelBilinear<PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24, EdgeCondition::Mirror<PixelFormat::cairo_rgb24> >(simg, machine.registers[0], machine.registers[1]);
			}
		}
	}
	else {
		luaL_error(L, "Unsupported pixel format");
	}

	delete[] work;
	cairo_surface_mark_dirty(surf);

	return 0;
}


// Registration

static luaL_Reg rasterlib[] = {
	{"gaussian_blur", gaussian_blur}, {"box_blur", box_blur},
	{"directional_blur", directional_blur}, {"radial_blur", radial_blur},
	{"separable_filter", separable_filter},
	{"invert", invert_image},
	{"pixel_value_map", pixel_value_map}, {"pixel_coord_map", pixel_coord_map},
	{NULL, NULL}
};

int luaopen_raster(lua_State *L)
{
	luaL_register(L, "raster", rasterlib);
	return 0;
}