From f06d425c5540084f1e7188bc468736cafa352bae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Bob Mottram Date: Fri, 18 Nov 2016 19:12:20 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Note about logging --- doc/EN/faq.org | 7 ++ website/EN/faq.html | 236 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------- 2 files changed, 135 insertions(+), 108 deletions(-) diff --git a/doc/EN/faq.org b/doc/EN/faq.org index db617aeb..86412492 100644 --- a/doc/EN/faq.org +++ b/doc/EN/faq.org @@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ | [[Why not use Signal for mobile chat?]] | | [[What is the most secure chat app to use on mobile?]] | | [[How do I remove a user from the system?]] | +| [[Why is logging for web sites turned off by default?]] | | [[How do I reset the tripwire?]] | | [[Is metadata protected?]] | | [[How do I create email processing rules?]] | @@ -174,6 +175,12 @@ ssh username@mydomainname -p 2222 #+end_src Select /Administrator controls/ then /Manage Users/ and then /Delete a user/. Note that this will delete all of that user's files and email. +* Why is logging for web sites turned off by default? +If you're making profits out of the logs by running large server warehouses and then data mining what users click on - as is the business model of well known internet companies - then logging everything makes total sense. However, if you're running a home server then logging really only makes sense if you're trying to diagnose some specific problem with the system, and outside of that context logging everything becomes more of a liability than an asset. + +Logs can potentially become quite large and frequent logging isn't a great idea if you're running on a flash disk since it just increases the wear rate and thus shortens its usable lifetime. Also from a security perspective if a compromise occurs then the attacker gets considerably less social information if there are no logs containing timestamped IP addresses. + +On the Freedombone system web logs containing IP addresses are turned off by default. They're not deleted, they're just never created in the first place. If you need to turn logging on in order to fix a problem then go to the *Administrator control panel* and enable logging. If you don't manually turn it off again then it will turn itself off automatically at the next system update, which is typically a few days away. * How do I reset the tripwire? The tripwire will be automatically reset once per week. If you want to reset it earlier then do the following: diff --git a/website/EN/faq.html b/website/EN/faq.html index c62918dd..2212c096 100644 --- a/website/EN/faq.html +++ b/website/EN/faq.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - + @@ -256,31 +256,31 @@ for the JavaScript code in this tag. -What applications are supported? +What applications are supported? -I don't have a static IP address. Can I still install this system? +I don't have a static IP address. Can I still install this system? -Why Freedombone and not FreedomBox? +Why Freedombone and not FreedomBox? -Why not support building images for Raspberry Pi? +Why not support building images for Raspberry Pi? -Why use Tor? I've heard it's used by bad people +Why use Tor? I've heard it's used by bad people -Why use Github? +Why use Github? -Keys and emails should not be stored on servers. Why do you do that? +Keys and emails should not be stored on servers. Why do you do that? @@ -288,83 +288,87 @@ for the JavaScript code in this tag. -Why can't I access my .onion site with a Tor browser? +Why can't I access my .onion site with a Tor browser? -What is the best hardware to run this system on? +What is the best hardware to run this system on? -Can I add more users to the system? +Can I add more users to the system? -Why not use Signal for mobile chat? +Why not use Signal for mobile chat? -What is the most secure chat app to use on mobile? +What is the most secure chat app to use on mobile? -How do I remove a user from the system? +How do I remove a user from the system? -How do I reset the tripwire? +Why is logging for web sites turned off by default? -Is metadata protected? +How do I reset the tripwire? -How do I create email processing rules? +Is metadata protected? -Why isn't dynamic DNS working? +How do I create email processing rules? -How do I change my encryption settings? +Why isn't dynamic DNS working? -How do I get a domain name? +How do I change my encryption settings? -How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate? +How do I get a domain name? -How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate? +How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate? -I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do? +How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate? -Why use self-signed certificates? +I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do? -Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge +Why use self-signed certificates? -Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc? +Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge + + + +Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc? -
-

What applications are supported?

-
+
+

What applications are supported?

+
  • Email - Server and Mutt client configured for use with GPG and Emacs or Vim
  • DLNA - Play music on your local network devices
    • @@ -389,9 +393,9 @@ for the JavaScript code in this tag.
-
-

I don't have a static IP address. Can I still install this system?

-
+
+

I don't have a static IP address. Can I still install this system?

+

Yes. The minimum requirements are to have some hardware that you can install Debian onto and also that you have administrator access to your internet router so that you can forward ports to the system which has Freedombone installed.

@@ -401,17 +405,17 @@ The lack of a static IP address can be worked around by using a dynamic DNS serv

-
-

Why Freedombone and not FreedomBox?

-
+
+

Why Freedombone and not FreedomBox?

+

When the project began in late 2013 the FreedomBox project seemed to be going nowhere, and was only designed to work with the DreamPlug hardware. There was some new hardware out - the Beaglebone Black - which could run Debian and was also a free hardware design so seemed more appropriate. Hence the name "Freedombone", being like FreedomBox but on a Beaglebone. There are some similarities and differences between the two projects:

-
-

Similarities

-
+
+

Similarities

+
  • Uses freedom-maker and vmdebootstrap to build debian images
  • Supports the use of Tor onion addresses to access websites
    • @@ -425,9 +429,9 @@ When the project began in late 2013 the FreedomBox project seemed to be going no
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-

Differences

-
+
+

Differences

+
  • FreedomBox is a Debian pure blend. Freedombone is not
  • Freedombone only supports Free Software. FreedomBox includes some closed binary boot blobs for certain ARM boards
    • @@ -442,9 +446,9 @@ When the project began in late 2013 the FreedomBox project seemed to be going no
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-

Why not support building images for Raspberry Pi?

-
+
+

Why not support building images for Raspberry Pi?

+

The FreedomBox project supports Raspberry Pi builds, and the image build system for Freedombone is based on the same system. However, although the Raspberry Pi can run a version of Debian it requires a closed proprietary blob in order to boot the hardware. Who knows what that blob might contain or what exploits it could facilitate. From an adversarial point of view if you were trying to deliver "bulk equipment interference" then it doesn't get any better than piggybacking on something which has control of the boot process, and hence all subsequently run processes.

@@ -454,9 +458,9 @@ So although the Raspberry Pi is cheap and hugely popular it's not supported by t

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Why use Tor? I've heard it's used by bad people

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+
+

Why use Tor? I've heard it's used by bad people

+

Before you run screaming for the hills based upon whatever scare story you may have just read in the mainstream media there are a few things worthy of consideration. Tor is installed by default on Freedombone, but not as a relay or exit node. It's only used to provide onion addresses so that this gives you or the viewers of your sites some choice about how they access the information. It also allows you to subscribe to and read RSS feeds privately.

@@ -474,9 +478,9 @@ The media may also have sold you torrid tales about individual Tor project devel

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Why use Github?

-
+
+

Why use Github?

+

Github is paradoxically a centralized, closed and proprietary system which happens to mostly host free and open source projects. Up until now it has been relatively benign, but at some point in the name of "growth" it will likely start becoming more evil, or just become like SourceForge - which was also once much loved by FOSS developers, but turned into a den of malvertizing.

@@ -494,9 +498,9 @@ Currently many of the repositories used for applications which are not yet packa

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Keys and emails should not be stored on servers. Why do you do that?

-
+
+

Keys and emails should not be stored on servers. Why do you do that?

+

Ordinarily this is good advice. However, the threat model for a device in your home is different from the one for a generic server in a massive warehouse. Compare and contrast:

@@ -554,9 +558,9 @@ In the home environment a box with a good firewall and no GUI components install
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Why can't I access my .onion site with a Tor browser?

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+
+

Why can't I access my .onion site with a Tor browser?

+

Probably you need to add the site to the NoScript whitelist. Typically click/press on the noscript icon (or select from the menu on mobile) then select whitelist and add the site URL. You may also need to disable HTTPS Everywhere when using onion addresses, which don't use https.

@@ -566,9 +570,9 @@ Another factor to be aware of is that it can take a while for the onion address

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What is the best hardware to run this system on?

-
+
+

What is the best hardware to run this system on?

+

It was originally designed to run on the Beaglebone Black, but that should be regarded as the most minimal system, because it's single core and has by today's standards a small amount of memory. Obviously the more powerful the hardware is the faster things like web pages (blog, social networking, etc) will be served but the more electricity such a system will require if you're running it 24/7. A good compromise between performance and energy consumption is something like an old netbook. The battery of an old netbook or laptop even gives you UPS capability to keep the system going during brief power outages or cable re-arrangements, and that means using full disk encryption on the server also becomes more practical.

@@ -578,9 +582,9 @@ It was originally designed to run on the Beaglebone Black, but that should be re

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Can I add more users to the system?

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+
+

Can I add more users to the system?

+

Yes. Freedombone can support a small number of users, for a "friends and family" type of home installation. This gives them access to an email account, XMPP, SIP phone and the blog (depending on whether the variant which you installed includes those).

@@ -603,9 +607,9 @@ Another point is that Freedombone installations are not intended to support many

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Why not use Signal for mobile chat?

-
+
+

Why not use Signal for mobile chat?

+

Celebrities recommend Signal. It's Free Software so it must be good, right?

@@ -627,9 +631,9 @@ To give credit where it's due Signal is good, but it could be a lot better. The

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What is the most secure chat app to use on mobile?

-
+
+

What is the most secure chat app to use on mobile?

+

On mobile there are various options. The apps which are likely to be most secure are ones which have end-to-end encryption enabled by default and which can also be onion routed via Orbot. End-to-end encryption secures the content of the message and onion routing obscures the metadata, making it hard for a passive adversary to know who is communicating with who.

@@ -639,13 +643,13 @@ The current safest way to chat is to use Conv

-There are many other fashionable chat apps with end-to-end security, but often they are closed source, have a single central server or can't be onion routed. It's also important to remember that closed source chat apps should be assumed to be untrustworthy, since their security cannot be independently verified. +There are many other fashionable chat apps with end-to-end security, but often they are closed source, have a single central server or can't be onion routed. It's also important to remember that closed source chat apps should be assumed to be untrustworthy, since their security cannot be independently verified.

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How do I remove a user from the system?

-
+
+

How do I remove a user from the system?

+

To remove a user:

@@ -660,9 +664,25 @@ Select Administrator controls then Manage Users and then Delete

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How do I reset the tripwire?

-
+
+

Why is logging for web sites turned off by default?

+
+

+If you're making profits out of the logs by running large server warehouses and then data mining what users click on - as is the business model of well known internet companies - then logging everything makes total sense. However, if you're running a home server then logging really only makes sense if you're trying to diagnose some specific problem with the system, and outside of that context logging everything becomes more of a liability than an asset. +

+ +

+Logs can potentially become quite large and frequent logging isn't a great idea if you're running on a flash disk since it just increases the wear rate and thus shortens its usable lifetime. Also from a security perspective if a compromise occurs then the attacker gets considerably less social information if there are no logs containing timestamped IP addresses. +

+ +

+On the Freedombone system web logs containing IP addresses are turned off by default. They're not deleted, they're just never created in the first place. If you need to turn logging on in order to fix a problem then go to the Administrator control panel and enable logging. If you don't manually turn it off again then it will turn itself off automatically at the next system update, which is typically a few days away. +

+
+
+
+

How do I reset the tripwire?

+

The tripwire will be automatically reset once per week. If you want to reset it earlier then do the following:

@@ -677,9 +697,9 @@ Select Administrator controls then "reset tripwire" using cursors and spa

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Is metadata protected?

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+
+

Is metadata protected?

+

"We kill people based on metadata" @@ -695,9 +715,9 @@ Even when using Freedombone metadata analysis by third parties is still possible

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How do I create email processing rules?

-
+
+

How do I create email processing rules?

+
ssh username@domainname -p 2222
@@ -753,9 +773,9 @@ Spamassassin is also available and within Mutt you can use the S (shift+s) key t

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Why isn't dynamic DNS working?

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+
+

Why isn't dynamic DNS working?

+

If you run the command:

@@ -778,9 +798,9 @@ https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/pages/whats-my-ip/
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How do I change my encryption settings?

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+
+

How do I change my encryption settings?

+

Suppose that some new encryption vulnerability has been announced and that you need to change your encryption settings. Maybe an algorithm thought to be secure is now no longer so and you need to remove it. You can change your settings by doing the following:

@@ -795,9 +815,9 @@ Select Administrator controls then select Security Settings. You w

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How do I get a domain name?

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+
+

How do I get a domain name?

+

Suppose that you have bought a domain name (rather than using a free subdomain on freedns) and you want to use that instead.

@@ -861,9 +881,9 @@ You should now be able to send an email from postmaster@mynewdomainname a
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How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate?

-
+
+

How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate?

+

If you did the full install or selected the social variant then the system will have tried to obtain a Let's Encrypt certificate automatically during the install process. If this failed for any reason, or if you have created a new site which you need a certificate for then do the following:

@@ -882,9 +902,9 @@ One thing to be aware of is that Let's Encrypt doesn't support many dynamic DNS

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How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?

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+
+

How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?

+

Normally certificates will be automatically renewed once per month, so you don't need to be concerned about it. If anything goes wrong with the automatic renewal then you should receive a warning email.

@@ -903,9 +923,9 @@ Select Administrator controls then Security settings then Renew

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I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do?

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+
+

I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do?

+

Most likely it's because Let's Encrypt doesn't support your particular domain or subdomain. Currently free subdomains tend not to work. You'll need to buy a domain name, link it to your dynamic DNS account and then do:

@@ -920,9 +940,9 @@ Select Administrator controls then Security settings then Creat

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Why use self-signed certificates?

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+
+

Why use self-signed certificates?

+

Almost everywhere on the web you will read that self-signed certificates are worthless. They bring up scary-scary looking browser warnings and gurus will advise you not to use them. Self-signed certificates are quite useful though. What the scary warnings mean - and it would be good if they explained this more clearly - is that you have an encrypted connection established but there is no certainty about who that connection is with. They probably will protect the content of your communications from passive bulk interception - such as the tapping of under-sea cables.

@@ -937,17 +957,17 @@ You might say, "but surely LetsEncrypt is a single point of failure!", an
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Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge

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+
+

Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge

+

That pledge is utterly worthless. Years ago people trusted Google in the same sort of way, because they promised not be be evil and because a lot of the engineers working for them seemed like honest types who were "on our side". Post-nymwars and post-PRISM we know exactly how much Google cared about the privacy and security of its users. But Google is only one particular example. In general don't trust pledges made by companies, even if the people running them seem really sincere.

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Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc?

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+
+

Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc?

+

Welcome to the world of email. Email is really the archetypal decentralized service, developed during the early days of the internet. In principle anyone can run an email server, and that's exactly what you're doing with Freedombone. Email is very useful, but it has a big problem, and that's that the protocols are totally insecure. That made it easy for spammers to do their thing, and in response highly elaborate spam filtering and blocking systems were developed. Chances are that your emails are being blocked in this way. Sometimes the blocking is so indisciminate that entire countries are excluded. What can you do about it? Unless you control the block list at the receiving end you may not be able to do much unless you can find an email proxy server which is trusted by the receiving server.