Guide on domain names
This commit is contained in:
Bob Mottram
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@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ You will need:
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* A microSD card at least 8 gigabytes in size. In tests Sandisk class 10 works well. Prefer smaller but faster I/O rating to larger but slower.
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* A microSD card at least 8 gigabytes in size. In tests Sandisk class 10 works well. Prefer smaller but faster I/O rating to larger but slower.
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* A microSD card adaptor for your laptop or desktop system, so that you can copy the disk image to the card.
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* A microSD card adaptor for your laptop or desktop system, so that you can copy the disk image to the card.
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You may need to obtain a domain name and set up a dynamic DNS account for your new Freedombone server. Details on how to do that [[./domains.html][can be found here]].
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On your laptop or desktop prepare a microSD card image as follows. To create an image on a Debian based system:
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On your laptop or desktop prepare a microSD card image as follows. To create an image on a Debian based system:
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#+begin_src bash
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#+begin_src bash
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@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
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#+TITLE:
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#+AUTHOR: Bob Mottram
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#+EMAIL: bob@freedombone.net
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#+KEYWORDS: freedombone, domains, dynamic dns
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#+DESCRIPTION: How to obtain a domain name
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#+OPTIONS: ^:nil toc:nil
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#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="freedombone.css" />
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#+BEGIN_CENTER
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[[file:images/logo.png]]
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#+END_CENTER
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#+begin_export html
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<center><h1>How to get a domain</h1></center>
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#+end_export
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* The domain name itself
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If you want your sites or chat systems to be available via an ordinary web browser (i.e. not a Tor browser) then you'll need to obtain a domain name. The domain name system is ultimately controlled by ICANN and to obtain a domain name for which you can also get a TLS certificate you'll need to buy one. There are various sites which sell domain names, and fortunately they can often be quite cheap - especially if you can think of an obscure name for your site. Prefer sites where the domain name subscription can be automatically renewed, because otherwise trolls can quickly buy your domain when it expires and then hold it for ransom. If you're planning to self-host for more than an ephemeral purpose, such as a conference or festival, then choose the longest subscription period you can afford (typically a few years).
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You probably only need one ICANN domain name and then the various Freedombone apps you might want can be set up on subdomains, such as /blog.mydomainname.net/.
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* Dynamic DNS
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You will also need a dynamic DNS account, and again this might be something you have to pay a subscription for. Your Freedombone system will have a local network address (typically 192.168.x.y or 10.x.y.z) and also a public IP address assigned by your ISP. Your ISP will change your public IP address every so often (that's why it's called "dynamic") and so there needs to be some way to link the domain name which you've obtained to your changing public IP address. That's what the dynamic DNS service does.
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In simple terms what happens is that on a regular basis the Freedombone system will ping the dynamic DNS service and say "/this is my current public IP address/", so that the mapping between domain name and IP address can be maintained.
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The dynamic DNS service will have their own DNS servers maintaining the IP address mappings and so on the web site where you registered your domain name you will need to specify the servers of the your dynamic DNS account. Look for an option such as "/change nameservers/" or "/custom nameservers/", remove any names which might already be there and then add the servers used by the dynamic DNS service. For example, if you're using FreeDNS then these servers would be:
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#+begin_src text
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NS1.AFRAID.ORG
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NS2.AFRAID.ORG
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NS3.AFRAID.ORG
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NS4.AFRAID.ORG
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#+end_src
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It might take a few minutes for the changes to take effect, so don't be too hasty to conclude that it doesn't work.
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** Configuring with FreeDNS
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If you are using FreeDNS as a dynamic DNS provider then on their site select "/Domains/" and add your domain name (this might only be available to paid subscribers). Make sure that they're marked as "/private/" so that subdomains of your domain name are not used by other users of the site.
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Select "Subdomains" from the menu on the left then select the MX entry for your domain and change the destination to *10:mydomainname* rather than *10:mail.mydomainname*.
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* Setting up with Freedombone
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When you start the base installation of the system it will ask you to choose a dynamic DNS provider and then enter the login details for the dynamic DNS service.
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* A note about Tor
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If you only want your sites to be available via Tor then none of the above is needed and you can access your sites and systems via their onion addresses. Tor has its own naming system which is independent from ICANN, and you also won't need TLS/SSL certificates since it also manages transport encryption itself. When building disk images use the *--onion yes* option, or choose one of the ready made onion disk images [[./downloads][from downloads]].
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@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ freedombone-client
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[[file:images/tor_onion.jpg]]
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[[file:images/tor_onion.jpg]]
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#+END_CENTER
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#+END_CENTER
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The version in which sites are available only via onion addresses is the easiest to get started with, since you can evaluate the system without committing to buying an ICANN domain name or needing to get involved with SSL/TLS certificates at all. However, if you do want your sites to be available typically as subdomains of a domain name which you own then remove the *--onion yes* option from the last command shown above.
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The version in which sites are available only via onion addresses is the easiest to get started with, since you can evaluate the system without committing to buying an ICANN domain name or needing to get involved with SSL/TLS certificates at all. However, if you do want your sites to be available typically as subdomains of a domain name which you own then remove the *--onion yes* option from the last command shown above. Also see the [[./domains.html][guide on setting up an ICANN domain name]].
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If you want to create images for microSD cards used within various single board computers then replace the *i386* with *beaglebone* / *cubieboard2* / *cubietruck* / *a20-olinuxino-lime* / *a20-olinuxino-lime2* / *a20-olinuxino-micro* or *apu*.
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If you want to create images for microSD cards used within various single board computers then replace the *i386* with *beaglebone* / *cubieboard2* / *cubietruck* / *a20-olinuxino-lime* / *a20-olinuxino-lime2* / *a20-olinuxino-micro* or *apu*.
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<head>
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<head>
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<!-- 2016-11-24 Thu 17:54 -->
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<!-- 2016-11-29 Tue 10:39 -->
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
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<title></title>
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<title></title>
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@ -276,6 +276,10 @@ You will need:
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<li>A microSD card adaptor for your laptop or desktop system, so that you can copy the disk image to the card.</li>
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<li>A microSD card adaptor for your laptop or desktop system, so that you can copy the disk image to the card.</li>
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</ul>
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</ul>
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<p>
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You may need to obtain a domain name and set up a dynamic DNS account for your new Freedombone server. Details on how to do that <a href="./domains.html">can be found here</a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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<p>
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On your laptop or desktop prepare a microSD card image as follows. To create an image on a Debian based system:
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On your laptop or desktop prepare a microSD card image as follows. To create an image on a Debian based system:
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</p>
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</p>
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@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<head>
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<!-- 2016-11-29 Tue 10:37 -->
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
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<title></title>
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<meta name="generator" content="Org mode" />
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<meta name="author" content="Bob Mottram" />
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<meta name="description" content="How to obtain a domain name"
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/>
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<meta name="keywords" content="freedombone, domains, dynamic dns" />
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<style type="text/css">
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<!--/*--><![CDATA[/*><!--*/
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.title { text-align: center;
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margin-bottom: .2em; }
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.subtitle { text-align: center;
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font-size: medium;
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#postamble p, #preamble p { font-size: 90%; margin: .2em; }
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}
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pre.src {
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/*]]>*/-->
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</style>
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<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||||
|
/*
|
||||||
|
@licstart The following is the entire license notice for the
|
||||||
|
JavaScript code in this tag.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Copyright (C) 2012-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The JavaScript code in this tag is free software: you can
|
||||||
|
redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
|
||||||
|
General Public License (GNU GPL) as published by the Free Software
|
||||||
|
Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
|
||||||
|
any later version. The code is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
|
||||||
|
without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
|
||||||
|
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU GPL for more details.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
As additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7, you
|
||||||
|
may distribute non-source (e.g., minimized or compacted) forms of
|
||||||
|
that code without the copy of the GNU GPL normally required by
|
||||||
|
section 4, provided you include this license notice and a URL
|
||||||
|
through which recipients can access the Corresponding Source.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@licend The above is the entire license notice
|
||||||
|
for the JavaScript code in this tag.
|
||||||
|
*/
|
||||||
|
<!--/*--><![CDATA[/*><!--*/
|
||||||
|
function CodeHighlightOn(elem, id)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
var target = document.getElementById(id);
|
||||||
|
if(null != target) {
|
||||||
|
elem.cacheClassElem = elem.className;
|
||||||
|
elem.cacheClassTarget = target.className;
|
||||||
|
target.className = "code-highlighted";
|
||||||
|
elem.className = "code-highlighted";
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
function CodeHighlightOff(elem, id)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
var target = document.getElementById(id);
|
||||||
|
if(elem.cacheClassElem)
|
||||||
|
elem.className = elem.cacheClassElem;
|
||||||
|
if(elem.cacheClassTarget)
|
||||||
|
target.className = elem.cacheClassTarget;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
/*]]>*///-->
|
||||||
|
</script>
|
||||||
|
</head>
|
||||||
|
<body>
|
||||||
|
<div id="preamble" class="status">
|
||||||
|
<a name="top" id="top"></a>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
<div id="content">
|
||||||
|
<div class="org-center">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<div class="figure">
|
||||||
|
<p><img src="images/logo.png" alt="logo.png" />
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<center><h1>How to get a domain</h1></center>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<div id="outline-container-orgad67d0d" class="outline-2">
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="orgad67d0d">The domain name itself</h2>
|
||||||
|
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgad67d0d">
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
If you want your sites or chat systems to be available via an ordinary web browser (i.e. not a Tor browser) then you'll need to obtain a domain name. The domain name system is ultimately controlled by ICANN and to obtain a domain name for which you can also get a TLS certificate you'll need to buy one. There are various sites which sell domain names, and fortunately they can often be quite cheap - especially if you can think of an obscure name for your site. Prefer sites where the domain name subscription can be automatically renewed, because otherwise trolls can quickly buy your domain when it expires and then hold it for ransom. If you're planning to self-host for more than an ephemeral purpose, such as a conference or festival, then choose the longest subscription period you can afford (typically a few years).
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
You probably only need one ICANN domain name and then the various Freedombone apps you might want can be set up on subdomains, such as <i>blog.mydomainname.net</i>.
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<div id="outline-container-org83daa48" class="outline-2">
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="org83daa48">Dynamic DNS</h2>
|
||||||
|
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org83daa48">
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
You will also need a dynamic DNS account, and again this might be something you have to pay a subscription for. Your Freedombone system will have a local network address (typically 192.168.x.y or 10.x.y.z) and also a public IP address assigned by your ISP. Your ISP will change your public IP address every so often (that's why it's called "dynamic") and so there needs to be some way to link the domain name which you've obtained to your changing public IP address. That's what the dynamic DNS service does.
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
In simple terms what happens is that on a regular basis the Freedombone system will ping the dynamic DNS service and say "<i>this is my current public IP address</i>", so that the mapping between domain name and IP address can be maintained.
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
The dynamic DNS service will have their own DNS servers maintaining the IP address mappings and so on the web site where you registered your domain name you will need to specify the servers of the your dynamic DNS account. Look for an option such as "<i>change nameservers</i>" or "<i>custom nameservers</i>", remove any names which might already be there and then add the servers used by the dynamic DNS service. For example, if you're using FreeDNS then these servers would be:
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<div class="org-src-container">
|
||||||
|
<pre class="src src-text">NS1.AFRAID.ORG
|
||||||
|
NS2.AFRAID.ORG
|
||||||
|
NS3.AFRAID.ORG
|
||||||
|
NS4.AFRAID.ORG
|
||||||
|
</pre>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
It might take a few minutes for the changes to take effect, so don't be too hasty to conclude that it doesn't work.
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<div id="outline-container-org7a03b28" class="outline-3">
|
||||||
|
<h3 id="org7a03b28">Configuring with FreeDNS</h3>
|
||||||
|
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org7a03b28">
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
If you are using FreeDNS as a dynamic DNS provider then on their site select "<i>Domains</i>" and add your domain name (this might only be available to paid subscribers). Make sure that they're marked as "<i>private</i>" so that subdomains of your domain name are not used by other users of the site.
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
Select "Subdomains" from the menu on the left then select the MX entry for your domain and change the destination to <b>10:mydomainname</b> rather than <b>10:mail.mydomainname</b>.
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<div id="outline-container-org46e51d4" class="outline-2">
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="org46e51d4">Setting up with Freedombone</h2>
|
||||||
|
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org46e51d4">
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
When you start the base installation of the system it will ask you to choose a dynamic DNS provider and then enter the login details for the dynamic DNS service.
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<div id="outline-container-org0041aea" class="outline-2">
|
||||||
|
<h2 id="org0041aea">A note about Tor</h2>
|
||||||
|
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org0041aea">
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
If you only want your sites to be available via Tor then none of the above is needed and you can access your sites and systems via their onion addresses. Tor has its own naming system which is independent from ICANN, and you also won't need TLS/SSL certificates since it also manages transport encryption itself. When building disk images use the <b>–onion yes</b> option, or choose one of the ready made onion disk images <a href="./downloads">from downloads</a>.
|
||||||
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
<div id="postamble" class="status">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<style type="text/css">
|
||||||
|
.back-to-top {
|
||||||
|
position: fixed;
|
||||||
|
bottom: 2em;
|
||||||
|
right: 0px;
|
||||||
|
text-decoration: none;
|
||||||
|
color: #000000;
|
||||||
|
background-color: rgba(235, 235, 235, 0.80);
|
||||||
|
font-size: 12px;
|
||||||
|
padding: 1em;
|
||||||
|
display: none;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
.back-to-top:hover {
|
||||||
|
background-color: rgba(135, 135, 135, 0.50);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
</style>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<div class="back-to-top">
|
||||||
|
<a href="#top">Back to top</a> | <a href="mailto:bob@freedombone.net">E-mail me</a>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
</body>
|
||||||
|
</html>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
|
||||||
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
|
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
|
||||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
|
||||||
<head>
|
<head>
|
||||||
<!-- 2016-11-24 Thu 14:58 -->
|
<!-- 2016-11-29 Tue 10:41 -->
|
||||||
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
|
||||||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
|
||||||
<title></title>
|
<title></title>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ Now prepare your local system to talk to the freedombone by running the followin
|
||||||
</div>
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
The version in which sites are available only via onion addresses is the easiest to get started with, since you can evaluate the system without committing to buying an ICANN domain name or needing to get involved with SSL/TLS certificates at all. However, if you do want your sites to be available typically as subdomains of a domain name which you own then remove the <b>–onion yes</b> option from the last command shown above.
|
The version in which sites are available only via onion addresses is the easiest to get started with, since you can evaluate the system without committing to buying an ICANN domain name or needing to get involved with SSL/TLS certificates at all. However, if you do want your sites to be available typically as subdomains of a domain name which you own then remove the <b>–onion yes</b> option from the last command shown above. Also see the <a href="./domains.html">guide on setting up an ICANN domain name</a>.
|
||||||
</p>
|
</p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue