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<chapter id="config-wine-main">
<title>Configuring Wine</title>
<para>
Now that you hopefully managed to successfully install
the Wine program files,
this chapter will tell you how to configure the Wine environment
properly to run your Windows programs.
</para>
<para>
First, we'll give you an overview about which kinds of
configuration and program execution aspects a fully configured
Windows environment has to fulfill in order to ensure that many
Windows programs run successfully without encountering any
misconfigured or missing items.
Next, we'll show you which easy helper programs exist
to enable even novice users to complete the Wine environment
configuration in a fast and easy way.
The next section will explain the purpose of the Wine configuration file,
and we'll list all of its settings.
After that, the next section will detail the most important and
unfortunately most difficult configuration part:
how to configure the file system and DOS drive environment that
Windows programs need.
In the last step we'll tell you how to establish a working Windows
registry base.
Finally, the remaining parts of this chapter contain descriptions
of specific Wine configuration items that might also be
of interest to you.
</para>
<sect1 id="config-requirements-windows" xreflabel="--Installing Section--">
<title>What are the requirements of a fully working Windows environment?</title>
<para>
A Windows installation is a very complex structure. It consists of
many different parts with very different functionality.
We'll try to outline the most important aspects of it.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Registry. Many keys are supposed to exist and contain
meaningful data, even in a newly-installed Windows.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Directory structure. Applications expect to find and/or
install things in specific predetermined locations. Most
of these directories are expected to exist. But unlike
Unix directory structures, most of these locations are
not hardcoded, and can be queried via the Windows API
and the registry. This places additional requirements on
a Wine installation.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
System DLLs. In Windows, these usually reside in the
<filename>system</filename> (or
<filename>system32</filename>) directory. Some Windows
programs check for their existence in these
directories before attempting to load them. While Wine
is able to load its own internal DLLs
(<filename>.so</filename> files) when the program
asks for a DLL, Wine does not simulate the presence of
nonexistent files.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
While the users are of course free to set up everything
themselves, the Wine team will make the automated Wine source
installation script, <filename>tools/wineinstall</filename>,
do everything we find necessary to do; running the
conventional <userinput>configure && make depend && make && make
install</userinput> cycle is thus not recommended, unless
you know what you're doing. At the moment,
<filename>tools/wineinstall</filename> is able to create a
configuration file, install the registry, and create the
directory structure itself.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="config-helper-programs">
<title>Easy configuration helper programs</title>
<para>
Managing the Wine configuration file settings can be a
difficult task, sometimes too difficult for some people.
That's why there are some helper applications for easily setting up an
initial wine configuration file with useful default settings.
</para>
<sect2 id="config-helper-wineinstall">
<title>wineinstall</title>
<para>
<command>wineinstall</command> is a small configuration tool
residing as <filename>tools/wineinstall</filename> in a Wine
source code tree. It has been written to allow for an easy
and complete compilation/installation of Wine source code for
people who don't bother with reading heaps of very valuable
and informative documentation ;-)
</para>
<para>
Once you have successfully extracted the Wine source code
tree, change to the main directory of it and then run (as
user):
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>./tools/wineinstall</userinput>
</screen>
<para>
Doing so will compile Wine, install Wine and configure the
Wine environment (either by providing access to a Windows
partition or by creating a properly configured no-windows
directory environment).
</para>
</sect2>
<!--
Commenting out until winecfg doesn't actually do something.
<sect2 id="config-helper-winecfg">
<title>winecfg</title>
<para>
<command>winecfg</command> is a small graphical configuration tool
residing as <filename>programs/winecfg</filename> in a Wine
source code tree. It is a Winelib app making use of standard
Win32 GUI controls to easily customize entries in a Wine
configuration file.
</para>
</sect2>
-->
</sect1>
<sect1 id="config-verify">
<title>Verification of correct configuration</title>
<para>
TODO: After you have finished configuring Wine you can verify
your Wine configuration by running winecfg.
This functionality will be added to winecfg
in the near future.
</para>
<para>
Please check out the
configuration documentation below to find out more about Wine's
configuration, or proceed to the <link linkend="bugs">Troubleshooting
chapter</link>.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="config-file">
<title>The Wine Configuration File</title>
<para>
This section is meant to contain both an easy step-by-step introduction
to the Wine configuration file (for new Wine users)
and a complete reference to all Wine configuration file settings (for
advanced users).
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Configuration File Introduction</title>
<para>
The Wine configuration file is the central file to store
configuration settings for Wine.
This file (which is called <filename>config</filename>)
can be found in the sub directory <filename>.wine/</filename>
of your user's home directory
(directory <filename>/home/user/</filename>). In other words, the Wine
configuration file is <filename>~/.wine/config</filename>.
Note that since the Wine configuration file is a part of the
Wine registry file system, this file also
<emphasis>requires</emphasis> a correct "WINE REGISTRY
Version 2" header line to be recognized properly, just like
all other Wine registry text files (just in case you decided
to write your own registry file from scratch and wonder why
Wine keeps rejecting it).
</para>
<para>
The settings available in the configuration file include:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Directory settings
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Port settings
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The Wine look and feel
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Wine's DLL usage
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Wine's multimedia drivers and DLL configuration
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Creating Or Modifying The Configuration File</title>
<para>
If you just installed Wine for the first time and want to
finish Wine installation by configuring it now, then you could
use our sample configuration file <filename>config</filename>
(which can be found in the directory
<filename>documentation/samples/</filename> of the Wine source
code directory) as a base for adapting the Wine configuration
file to the settings you want.
First, I should mention that you should not forget to make
sure that any previous configuration file at
<filename>~/.wine/config</filename> has been safely moved out
of the way instead of simply overwriting it when you will now
copy over the sample configuration file.
</para>
<para>
If you don't have a pre-existing configuration file and thus
need to copy over our sample configuration file to the
standard Wine configuration file location, do in a
<glossterm>terminal</glossterm>:
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>mkdir ~/.wine/</>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>cp <replaceable>dir_to_wine_source_code</replaceable>/documentation/samples/config ~/.wine/config</>
</screen>
Otherwise, simply use the already existing configuration file
at <filename>~/.wine/config</filename>.
</para>
<para>
Now you can start adapting the configuration file's settings with an
<glossterm>editor</glossterm> according to the documentation
below.
Note that you should <emphasis>only</emphasis> change
configuration file settings if wineserver is not running (in
other words: if your user doesn't have a Wine session running),
otherwise Wine won't use them - and even worse, wineserver will
overwrite them with the old settings once wineserver quits!!
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="config-file-how">
<title>What Does It Contain?</title>
<para>
Let's start by giving an overview of which sections a
configuration file may contain, and whether the inclusion of
the respective section is <emphasis>needed</emphasis> or only <emphasis>recommended</emphasis> ("recmd").
</para>
<informaltable frame="all">
<tgroup cols="3">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Section Name</entry>
<entry>Needed?</entry>
<entry>What it Does</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>[wine]</entry>
<entry>yes</entry>
<entry>General settings for Wine</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>[DllOverrides]</entry>
<entry>recmd</entry>
<entry>Overrides defaults for DLL loading</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>[x11drv]</entry>
<entry>recmd</entry>
<entry>Graphics driver settings</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>[fonts]</entry>
<entry>yes</entry>
<entry>Font appearance and recognition</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>[ppdev]</entry>
<entry>no</entry>
<entry>Parallelport emulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>[spooler]</entry>
<entry>no</entry>
<entry>Print spooling</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>[ports]</entry>
<entry>no</entry>
<entry>Direct port access</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>[Debug]</entry>
<entry>no</entry>
<entry>What to do with certain debug messages</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>[Registry]</entry>
<entry>no</entry>
<entry>Specifies locations of windows registry files</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>[programs]</entry>
<entry>no</entry>
<entry>Programs to be run automatically</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>[Console]</entry>
<entry>no</entry>
<entry>Console settings</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>[Clipboard]</entry>
<entry>no</entry>
<entry>Interaction for Wine and X11 clipboard</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>[afmdirs]</entry>
<entry>no</entry>
<entry>Postscript driver settings</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>[WinMM]</entry>
<entry>yes</entry>
<entry>Multimedia settings</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>[AppDefaults]</entry>
<entry>no</entry>
<entry>Overwrite the settings of previous sections for special programs</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>
Now let's explain the configuration file sections in a
detailed way.
</para>
<sect3 id="config-wine">
<title>The [wine] Section </title>
<para>
The [wine] section of the configuration file contains basic settings for Wine.
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>
"Windows" = "c:\\windows"
"ShowDirSymlinks" = "1"
"ShowDotFiles" = "1"
</programlisting>
For a detailed description of drive layer configuration and
the meaning of these parameters, please look at the <link
linkend="config-drive-main">Disc Drives, Serial and Parallel
Ports section</link>.
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"GraphicsDriver" = "x11drv|ttydrv"</programlisting>
Sets the graphics driver to use for Wine output.
x11drv is for X11 output, ttydrv is for text console output.
WARNING: if you use ttydrv here, then you won't be able to run
a lot of Windows GUI programs (ttydrv is still pretty "broken"
at running graphical apps). Thus this option is mainly interesting
for e.g. embedded use of Wine in web server scripts.
Note that ttydrv is still very lacking, so if it doesn't work,
resort to using "xvfb", a virtual X11 server.
Another way to run Wine without display would be to run X11
via Xvnc, then connect to that VNC display using xvncviewer
(that way you're still able to connect to your app and
configure it if need be).
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"Printer" = "off|on"</programlisting> Tells wine
whether to allow printing via printer drivers to work.
This option isn't needed for our built-in psdrv printer driver
at all.
Using these things are pretty alpha, so you might want to
watch out. Some people might find it useful, however. If
you're not planning to work on printing via windows printer
drivers, don't even add this to your wine configuration file
(It probably isn't already in it).
Check out the [spooler] and [parallelports] sections too.
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"ShellLinker" = "wineshelllink"</programlisting>
This setting specifies the shell linker script to use for setting
up Windows icons in e.g. KDE or Gnome that are given by programs
making use of appropriate shell32.dll functionality to create
icons on the desktop/start menu during installation.
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"SymbolTableFile" = "wine.sym"</programlisting>
Sets up the symbol table file for the wine debugger. You
probably don't need to fiddle with this. May be useful if
your wine is stripped.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="config-dlloverrides">
<title>The [DllOverrides] Section</title>
<para>
The format for this section is the same for each line:
<programlisting>&lt;DLL>{,&lt;DLL>,&lt;DLL>...} = &lt;FORM>{,&lt;FORM>,&lt;FORM>...}</programlisting>
For example, to load built-in KERNEL pair (case doesn't
matter here):
<programlisting>"kernel,kernel32" = "builtin"</programlisting>
To load the native COMMDLG pair, but if that doesn't work
try built-in:
<programlisting>"commdlg,comdlg32" = "native, builtin"</programlisting>
To load the native COMCTL32:
<programlisting>"comctl32" = "native"</programlisting>
Here is a good generic setup (As it is defined in config
that was included with your wine package):
<programlisting>
[DllOverrides]
"rpcrt4" = "builtin, native"
"oleaut32" = "builtin, native"
"ole32" = "builtin, native"
"commdlg" = "builtin, native"
"comdlg32" = "builtin, native"
"ver" = "builtin, native"
"version" = "builtin, native"
"shell" = "builtin, native"
"shell32" = "builtin, native"
"shfolder" = "builtin, native"
"shlwapi" = "builtin, native"
"shdocvw" = "builtin, native"
"lzexpand" = "builtin, native"
"lz32" = "builtin, native"
"comctl32" = "builtin, native"
"commctrl" = "builtin, native"
"advapi32" = "builtin, native"
"crtdll" = "builtin, native"
"mpr" = "builtin, native"
"winspool.drv" = "builtin, native"
"ddraw" = "builtin, native"
"dinput" = "builtin, native"
"dsound" = "builtin, native"
"opengl32" = "builtin, native"
"msvcrt" = "native, builtin"
"msvideo" = "builtin, native"
"msvfw32" = "builtin, native"
"mcicda.drv" = "builtin, native"
"mciseq.drv" = "builtin, native"
"mciwave.drv" = "builtin, native"
"mciavi.drv" = "native, builtin"
"mcianim.drv" = "native, builtin"
"msacm.drv" = "builtin, native"
"msacm" = "builtin, native"
"msacm32" = "builtin, native"
"midimap.drv" = "builtin, native"
; you can specify programs too
"notepad.exe" = "native, builtin"
; default for all other DLLs
"*" = "native, builtin"
</programlisting>
</para>
<note>
<para>
If loading of the libraries that are listed first fails,
wine will just go on by using the second or third option.
</para>
</note>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="config-fonts">
<title>The [fonts] Section</title>
<para>
This section sets up wine's font handling.
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"Resolution" = "96"</programlisting>
Since the way X handles fonts is different from the way
Windows does, wine uses a special mechanism to deal with
them. It must scale them using the number defined in the
"Resolution" setting. 60-120 are reasonable values, 96 is
a nice in the middle one. If you have the real windows
fonts available , this parameter will not be as
important. Of course, it's always good to get your X fonts
working acceptably in wine.
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"Default" = "-adobe-times-"</programlisting>
The default font wine uses. Fool around with it if you'd like.
</para>
<para>
OPTIONAL:
</para>
<para>
The <literal>Alias</literal> setting allows you to map an X font to a font
used in wine. This is good for apps that need a special font you don't have,
but a good replacement exists. The syntax is like so:
<programlisting>"AliasX" = "[Fake windows name],[Real X name]"&lt;,optional "masking" section></programlisting>
Pretty straightforward. Replace "AliasX" with "Alias0",
then "Alias1" and so on. The fake windows name is the name
that the font will be under a windows app in wine. The
real X name is the font name as seen by X (Run
"xfontsel"). The optional "masking" section allows you to
utilize the fake windows name you define. If it is not
used, then wine will just try to extract the fake windows
name itself and not use the value you enter.
</para>
<para>
Here is an example of an alias without masking. The font will show up in windows
apps as "Google".
<programlisting>"Alias0" = "Foo,--google-"</programlisting>
Here is an example with masking enabled. The font will show up as "Foo" in
windows apps.
<programlisting>"Alias1" = "Foo,--google-,subst"</programlisting>
For more information check out the <link linkend="config-fonts-main">Fonts</link>
chapter.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="config-io">
<title>The [spooler] and [ports] Sections</title>
<para>
The [spooler] section will inform wine where to spool
print jobs. Use this if you want to try printing. Wine
docs claim that spooling is "rather primitive" at this
time, so it won't work perfectly. <emphasis>It is optional.</emphasis> The only
setting you use in this section works to map a port (LPT1,
for example) to a file or a command. Here is an example,
mapping LPT1 to the file <filename>out.ps</filename>:
<programlisting>"LPT1:" = "out.ps"</programlisting>
The following command maps printing jobs to LPT1 to the
command <command>lpr</command>. Notice the |:
<programlisting>"LPT1:" = "|lpr"</programlisting>
The [ports] section is usually useful only for people who
need direct port access for programs requiring dongles or
scanners. <emphasis>If you don't need it, don't use
it!</emphasis>
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"read" = "0x779,0x379,0x280-0x2a0"</programlisting>
Gives direct read access to those IO's.
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"write" = "0x779,0x379,0x280-0x2a0"</programlisting>
Gives direct write access to those IO's. It's probably a
good idea to keep the values of the
<literal>read</literal> and <literal>write</literal>
settings the same. This stuff will only work when you're
root.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="config-debug-etc">
<title>The [Debug], [Registry], and [programs] Sections</title>
<para>
[Debug] is used to include or exclude debug messages, and to
output them to a file. The latter is rarely used. <emphasis>These
are all optional and you probably don't need to add or
remove anything in this section to your config.</emphasis> (In extreme
cases you may want to use these options to manage the amount
of information generated by <parameter>WINEDEBUG=+relay
</parameter> )
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"File" = "/blanco"</programlisting>
Sets the logfile for wine. Set to CON to log to standard out.
<emphasis>This is rarely used.</emphasis>
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"SpyExclude" = "WM_SIZE;WM_TIMER;"</programlisting>
Excludes debug messages about <constant>WM_SIZE</constant>
and <constant>WM_TIMER</constant> in the logfile.
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"SpyInclude" = "WM_SIZE;WM_TIMER;"</programlisting>
Includes debug messages about <constant>WM_SIZE</constant>
and <constant>WM_TIMER</constant> in the logfile.
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"RelayInclude" = "user32.CreateWindowA;comctl32.*"</programlisting>
Include only the listed functions in a
<parameter>WINEDEBUG=+relay</parameter> trace. This entry is
ignored if there is a <parameter>RelayExclude</parameter> entry.
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"RelayExclude" = "RtlEnterCriticalSection;RtlLeaveCriticalSection"</programlisting>
Exclude the listed functions in a
<parameter>WINEDEBUG=+relay</parameter> trace. This entry
overrides any settings in a <parameter>RelayInclude</parameter>
entry. If neither entry is present then the trace includes
everything.
</para>
<para>
In both entries the functions may be specified either as a
function name or as a module and function. In this latter
case specify an asterisk for the function name to include/exclude
all functions in the module.
</para>
<para>
[Registry] can be used to tell wine where your old windows
registry files exist. This section is completely optional
and useless to people using wine without an existing
windows installation.
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"UserFileName" = "/dirs/to/user.reg"</programlisting>
The location of your old <filename>user.reg</filename> file.
</para>
<para>
[programs] can be used to say what programs run under
special conditions.
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"Default" = "/program/to/execute.exe"</programlisting>
Sets the program to be run if wine is started without specifying a program.
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>"Startup" = "/program/to/execute.exe"</programlisting>
Sets the program to automatically be run at startup every time.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="config-winmm">
<title>The [WinMM] Section</title>
<para>
[WinMM] is used to define which multimedia drivers have to be loaded. Since
those drivers may depend on the multimedia interfaces available on your system
(OSS, ALSA... to name a few), it's needed to be able to configure which driver
has to be loaded.
</para>
<para>
The content of the section looks like:
<programlisting>
[WinMM]
"Drivers" = "wineoss.drv"
"WaveMapper" = "msacm.drv"
"MidiMapper" = "midimap.drv"
</programlisting>
All the keys must be defined:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
The "Drivers" key is a ';' separated list of modules name, each of
them containing a low level driver. All those drivers will be loaded
when MMSYSTEM/WINMM is started and will provide their inner features.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The "WaveMapper" represents the name of the module containing the Wave
Mapper driver. Only one wave mapper can be defined in the system.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The "MidiMapper" represents the name of the module containing the MIDI
Mapper driver. Only one MIDI mapper can be defined in the system.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="config-network">
<title>The [Network] Section</title>
<para>
[Network] contains settings related to
networking. Currently there is only one value that can be set.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>UseDnsComputerName</term>
<listitem>
<para>
A boolean setting (default: <literal>Y</literal>)
that affects the way Wine sets the computer name. The computer
name in the Windows world is the so-called <emphasis>NetBIOS name</emphasis>.
It is contained in the <varname>ComputerName</varname> in the registry entry
<varname>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\ComputerName\ComputerName</varname>.
</para>
<para>
If this option is set to "Y" or missing, Wine will set the
NetBIOS name to the Unix host name of your computer, if
necessary truncated to 31 characters. The Unix hostname is the output
of the shell command <command>hostname</command>, up to but not
including the first dot ('.'). Among other things, this means that
Windows programs running under Wine cannot change the NetBIOS computer name.
</para>
<para>
If this option is set to "N", Wine will use the registry value above
to set the NetBIOS name. Only if the registry entry doesn't exist (usually
only during the first wine startup) it will use the Unix hostname as
usual. Windows programs can change the NetBIOS name. The change
will be effective after a "reboot", i.e. after restarting Wine.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="config-appdefaults">
<title>The [AppDefaults] Section</title>
<para>
The section is used to overwrite certain settings of this file for a
special program with different settings.
[AppDefaults] is not the real name of the section. The real name
consists of the leading word AppDefaults followed by the name
of the executable the section is valid for.
The end of the section name is the name of the
corresponding "standard" section of the configuration file
that should have some of its settings overwritten with the
program specific settings you define.
The three parts of the section name are separated by two backslashes.
</para>
<para>
Currently wine supports overriding selected settings within
the sections [DllOverrides], [x11drv], [version] and [dsound] only.
</para>
<para>
Here is an example that overrides the normal settings for a
program:
<programlisting>
;; default settings
[x11drv]
"Managed" = "Y"
"Desktop" = "N"
;; run install in desktop mode
[AppDefaults\\install.exe\\x11drv]
"Managed" = "N"
"Desktop" = "800x600"
</programlisting>
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="config-trouble">
<title>What If It Doesn't Work?</title>
<para>
There is always a chance that things will go wrong. If the
unthinkable happens, report the problem to
<ulink url="http://bugs.winehq.org/">Wine Bugzilla</ulink>,
try the newsgroup
<systemitem>comp.emulators.ms-windows.wine</systemitem>,
or the IRC channel <systemitem>#WineHQ</systemitem> found on
irc.freenode.net, or connected servers.
Make sure that you have looked over this document thoroughly,
and have also read:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<filename>README</filename>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<filename>http://www.winehq.org/trouble/</filename>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
If indeed it looks like you've done your research, be
prepared for helpful suggestions. If you haven't, brace
yourself for heaving flaming.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="config-drive-main">
<title>Disc Drives, Serial and Parallel Ports</title>
<sect2>
<title>Extremely Important Prerequisites</title>
<para>
If you're planning to include access to a CD-ROM drive in your Wine
configuration on Linux, then <emphasis>make sure</emphasis> to add
the <quote>unhide</quote> mount option to the CD-ROM file system
entry in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, e.g.:
<programlisting>/dev/cdrom /cdrom iso9660 ro,noauto,users,unhide 0 0</programlisting>
Several Windows program setup CD-ROMs or other CD-ROMs chose
to do such braindamaged things as marking very important setup
helper files on the CD-ROM as <quote>hidden</quote>.
That's no problem on Windows, since the Windows CD-ROM driver by
default displays even files that are supposed to be
<quote>hidden</quote>. But on Linux, which chose to
<emphasis>hide</emphasis> <quote>hidden</quote> files on CD by
default, this is <emphasis>FATAL</emphasis>!
(the programs will simply abort with an <quote>installation file not found</quote> or similar error)
Thus you should never forget to add this setting.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Short Introduction</title>
<para>
Windows applications refer to disc drives by letters such as
<filename>A:</filename>, <filename>B:</filename> and
<filename>C:</filename>, and to serial and parallel ports by names
such as <filename>COM1</filename>: and <filename>LPT1:</filename>.
</para>
<para>
You need to tell Wine how to interpret these. You do so by
specifying the Unix file system nodes and devices that Wine
should map them onto, as described later in this section.
</para>
<para>
You can map a Windows fixed disc drive onto any node in your
Unix file system - this need not be the root node of a drive.
For example, you could map your Windows drive <filename>C:</filename>
onto your Unix directory <filename>/usr/share/wine-C</filename>.
Then the Windows folder <filename>C:\Windows\Fonts</filename> would
be at <filename>/usr/share/wine-C/Windows/Fonts</filename> in your
Unix file system.
</para>
<para>
Make sure that you have assigned drive letters for directories
that will cover all the items Wine needs to access. These include
the programs that you run, the data files they need and the Wine
debugger (in case anything goes wrong).
</para>
<para>
It is best to use a number of drive letters, and map them onto
directories that cover small sections of the file system containing
the files that Wine will need to access. This is safer than simply
assigning a single drive letter to the Unix root directory
<filename></filename>/, which would allow Windows applications to
access the whole of your Unix file system (subject, of course,
to Unix permissions). If one of them misbehaved, or if you
accidentally installed a virus, this might leave you vulnerable.
</para>
<para>
For replaceable media, such as floppy discs and CD-ROMs, you should
map Windows drive letters onto the mount points for these drives in
your Unix file system - for example <filename>/mnt/floppy</filename>
or <filename>/mnt/cdrom</filename>.
</para>
<para>
If your applications access serial and parallel ports directly,
you should map these onto the corresponding Unix devices
- for example <filename>/dev/ttyS0</filename> and
<filename>/dev/lp0</filename>.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="config-drive-dir">
<title>Windows Directory Structure</title>
<para>
Here's the fundamental layout that Windows programs and
installers expect and that we thus need to configure properly
in Wine. Without it, they seldomly operate correctly. If you
intend to use a no-windows environment (not using an existing
Windows partition), then it is recommended to use either
<command>WineSetupTk</command>'s or
<command>wineinstall</command>'s capabilities to create an
initial windows directory tree, since creating a directory
structure manually is tiresome and error-prone.
</para>
<programlisting>
C:\ Root directory of primary disk drive
Windows\ Windows directory, containing .INI files,
accessories, etc.
System\ Win3.x/95/98/ME directory for common DLLs
WinNT/2000 directory for common 16-bit DLLs
System32\ WinNT/2000 directory for common 32-bit DLLs
Start Menu\ Program launcher directory structure
Programs\ Program launcher links (.LNK files) to programs
Program Files\ Application binaries (.EXE and .DLL files)
</programlisting>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="config-drive-sections">
<title>The dosdevices Directory</title>
<para>
The <filename>dosdevices</filename> directory contains the entries
that tell Wine how to map Windows disc drive letters onto Unix file
system nodes, and how to map Windows serial and parallel ports onto
Unix devices. It is located in the <filename>.wine</filename>
sub-directory of your home directory,
i.e. <filename>~/.wine/dosdevices</filename>.
</para>
<para>
The entries in the <filename>dosdevices</filename> directory are
symbolic links to Unix file system nodes and devices. You can
create them by using the <command>ln</command> command in a Unix
terminal. Alternatively, many File Managers have the capability of
creating symbolic links.
</para>
<para>
For example, if you have decided to map your Windows
<filename>C:</filename> drive onto
<filename>/usr/share/wine-c</filename>, you could type the
following (after changing to your <filename>dosdevices</filename>
directory):
<programlisting>
ln -s /usr/share/wine-c c:
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Replaceable media are a little more complicated. In addition to
creating a link for the file system on the medium, for example:
<programlisting>
ln -s /mnt/floppy a:
</programlisting>
you also need to create a link for the device itself. Notice that
this has a double colon after the drive letter:
<programlisting>
ln -s /dev/fd0 a::
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
For serial and parallel ports, you simply create a link to
the device; notice that no colon is required after the Windows
device name:
<programlisting>
ln -s /dev/ttyS0 com1
ln -s /dev/lp0 lpt1
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Windows shares can are mapped into the <filename>unc/</filename>
directory so anything trying to access
<filename>\\machinename\some\dir\and\file</filename> will look in
<filename>~/.wine/dosdevices/unc/machinename/some/dir/and/file</filename>.
For example, if you used Samba to mount
<filename>\\machinename\some</filename> on
<filename>/mnt/smb/machinename/some</filename> then you can do
<programlisting>
ln -s /mnt/smb/machinename/some unc/machinename/some
</programlisting>
to make it available in wine (don't forget to create the unc
directory if it doesn't alrady exist).
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>File system settings in the [wine] section</title>
<para>
<programlisting>"Windows" = "c:\\windows"</programlisting>
This tells Wine and Windows programs where the
<filename>Windows</filename> directory is. It is
recommended to have this directory somewhere on your
configured <medialabel>C</medialabel> drive, and it's also
recommended to just call the directory "windows" (this is
the default setup on Windows, and some stupid programs
might rely on this). So in case you chose a "Windows"
setting of "c:\\windows" and you chose to set up a drive C
e.g. at <filename>/usr/local/wine_c</filename>, the
corresponding directory would be
<filename>/usr/local/wine_c/windows</filename>. Make one
if you don't already have one. <emphasis>No trailing slash</emphasis> (<emphasis>not</emphasis>
<filename>C:\\windows\</filename>)! Write access strongly
recommended, as Windows programs always assume write access
to the Windows directory!
</para>
<para id="dirsymlinks">
<programlisting>"ShowDirSymlinks" = "1"</programlisting>
Wine doesn't pass directory symlinks to Windows programs by
default, as doing so may crash some programs that do
recursive lookups of whole subdirectory trees
whenever a directory symlink points back to itself or one of its
parent directories.
That's why we disallowed the use of directory symlinks
and added this setting to reenable ("1") this functionality.
If you <emphasis>really</emphasis> need Wine to take into
account symlinked directories, then reenable it, but
<emphasis>be prepared for crashes</emphasis> in certain
Windows programs when using the above method! (in other words:
enabling it is certainly not recommended)
</para>
<para>Old Path, Temp, System configuration are now moved into the
registry. See the <link linkend="environment-variables">Environment
Variables</link> paragraph.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>More detailed explanation about file system differences</title>
<para>
Windows uses a different (and inferior) way than Unix to describe the
location of files in a computer. Thus Windows programs also expect
to find this different way supported by the system.
Since we intend to run Windows programs on
a Unix system, we're in trouble, as we need to translate
between these different file access techniques.
</para>
<para>
Windows uses drive letters to describe drives or
any other form of storage media and to access files on them.
For example, common drive names are
<filename>C:</filename> for the main Windows system partition
on the first harddisk and <filename>A:</filename> for the
first floppy drive.
Also, Windows uses <filename>\</filename> (backslash) as the
directory separator sign, whereas Unix uses
<filename>/</filename> (slash).
Thus, an example document on the first data partition in
Windows might be accessed by the name of
<filename>D:\mywork\mydocument.txt</filename>.
</para>
<para>
So much for the Windows way of doing things.
</para>
<para>
Well, the problem is, in Unix there is no such thing as
<quote>drive letters</quote>. Instead, Unix chose to go the
much better way of having one single uniform directory tree
(starting with the root directory
<filename>/</filename>), which has various storage devices
such as e.g. harddisk partitions appended at various directory
locations within the tree (an example would be
<filename>/data1/mywork</filename>, which is the first data
partition mounted/attached to a directory called data1 in the
root directory <filename>/</filename>; mywork is a sub
directory of the data partition file system that's mounted
under <filename>/data1</filename>).
In Unix, the Windows example document mentioned above could e.g.
be accessed by the name of
<filename>/data1/mywork/mydocument.txt</filename>,
provided that the administrator decided to mount (attach) the first
data partition at the directory /data1 inside the Unix
directory tree. Note that in Unix, the administrator can
<emphasis>choose</emphasis> any custom partition location he
wants (here, <filename>/data1</filename>), whereas in Windows the system
<emphasis>selects</emphasis> any drive letter it deems
suitable for the first data partition (here,
<filename>D:</filename>), and, even worse, if there is some
change in partition order, Windows automatically
<emphasis>changes</emphasis> the drive letter, and you might
suddenly find yourself with a first data partition at drive
letter <filename>E:</filename>, with all the file naming and
referencing confusion that entails. Thus, the Windows way of
using ever-changing drive letters is <emphasis>clearly
inferior</emphasis> to the Unix way of assigning
<emphasis>fixed</emphasis> directory tree locations for every
data storage medium.
As we'll see soon, fortunately this Windows limitation of
changing drive letters doesn't affect us in Wine at all, since
we can properly map <emphasis>never-changing</emphasis> drive letters to <emphasis>fixed</emphasis> locations inside the Unix directory tree (and even if the location of the respective Unix directory changes, we can still simply update the Wine drive mapping to reflect the updated location and at the same time keep the original drive letter).
</para>
<para>
OK, now that we know some theory about Windows and Unix drive
and filename mapping, it's probably time to ask how Wine
achieves the magic of mapping a Unix directory location to a
Windows drive...
</para>
<para>
Wine chose to do the following:
In Wine, you don't assign some real physical storage medium
(such as a harddisk partition or similar) to each drive letter
mapping entry.
Instead, you choose certain sub directory trees inside the Unix
directory tree (that starts with <filename>/</filename>) that
you would like to assign a drive letter to.
</para>
<para>
Note that for every Unix sub directory tree that you intend to
start Windows programs in, it is <emphasis>absolutely
required</emphasis> to have a Wine drive mapping entry:
</para>
<para>
For example, if you had a publicly writable <quote>Windows
directory space</quote> under <filename>/usr/mywine</filename>, then in order to be
able to access this sub directory tree from Wine, you should
have a drive mapping entry that maps a certain drive letter
(for example, let's take drive letter <filename>P:</filename>)
either to <filename>/usr/mywine</filename> or <filename>/usr</filename> (to also access any directories belonging to the parent directory) or <filename>/</filename> (to also access any directory whatsoever on this system by this drive letter mapping). The DOS drive/directory location to access files in <filename>/usr/mywine</filename> <emphasis>in Wine</emphasis> in these configuration cases would then be <filename>P:\</filename> or <filename>P:\mywine</filename> or <filename>P:\usr\mywine</filename>, respectively.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="config-no-windows">
<title>Installing Wine Without Windows</title>
<para>
A major goal of Wine is to allow users to run Windows programs
without having to install Windows on their machine. Wine
implements the functionality of the main DLLs usually
provided with Windows. Therefore, once Wine is finished, you
will not need to have Windows installed to use Wine.
</para>
<para>
Wine has already made enough progress that it may be possible
to run your target programs without Windows installed. If
you want to try it, follow these steps:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Make a symbolic link in <filename>~/.wine/dosdevices</filename>
to the directory where you want
<filename>C:</filename> to be. Refer to the wine man page
for more information. The directory to be used for emulating
a <filename>C:</filename> drive will be
the base directory for some Windows specific directories
created below.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Within the directory to be used for C:, create empty
<filename>windows</filename>,
<filename>windows/system</filename>,
<filename>windows/Start Menu</filename>, and
<filename>windows/Start Menu/Programs</filename>
directories. Do not point Wine to a
<filename>Windows</filename> directory full of old
installations and a messy registry. (Wine creates a
special registry in your <filename >home</filename>
directory, in <filename>$HOME/.wine/*.reg</filename>.
Perhaps you have to remove these files).
In one line:
mkdir -p windows windows/system windows/Start\ Menu windows/Start\ Menu/Programs
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Run and/or install your programs.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>
Because Wine is not yet complete, some programs will work
better with native Windows DLLs than with Wine's
replacements. Wine has been designed to make this possible.
Here are some tips by Juergen Schmied (and others) on how to
proceed. This assumes that your
<filename>C:\windows</filename> directory in the configuration
file does not point to a native Windows installation but is in
a separate Unix file system. (For instance, <quote>C:\windows</quote> is
really subdirectory <quote>windows</quote> located in
<quote>/home/ego/wine/drives/c</quote>).
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Run the program with <parameter>WINEDEBUG=+loaddll</parameter>
to find out which files are
needed. Copy the required DLLs one by one to the
<filename>C:\windows\system</filename> directory. Do not
copy KERNEL/KERNEL32, GDI/GDI32, USER/USER32 or NTDLL. These
implement the core functionality of the Windows API, and
the Wine internal versions must be used.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Edit the <quote>[DllOverrides]</quote> section of
<filename>~/.wine/config</filename> to specify
<quote>native</quote> before <quote>builtin</quote> for
the Windows DLLs you want to use. For more information
about this, see the Wine manpage.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Note that some network DLLs are not needed even though
Wine is looking for them. The Windows
<filename>MPR.DLL</filename> currently does not work; you
must use the internal implementation.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Copy SHELL.DLL/SHELL32.DLL, COMMDLG.DLL/COMDLG32.DLL
and COMMCTRL.DLL/COMCTL32.DLL
only as pairs to your Wine directory (these DLLs are
<quote>clean</quote> to use). Make sure you have these
specified in the <quote>[DllPairs]</quote> section of
<filename>~/.wine/config</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Be consistent: Use only DLLs from the same Windows version
together.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Put <filename>regedit.exe</filename> in the
<filename>C:\windows</filename> directory.
(<application>Office 95</application> imports a
<filename>*.reg</filename> file when it runs with an empty
registry, don't know about
<application>Office 97</application>).
As of now, it might not be necessary any more to use
regedit.exe, since Wine has its own regedit Winelib
application now.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Also add <filename>winhelp.exe</filename> and
<filename>winhlp32.exe</filename> if you want to be able
to browse through your programs' help function
(or in case Wine's winhelp implementation in programs/winhelp/
is not good enough, for example).
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="config-with-windows">
<title>Installing Wine Using An Existing Windows Partition As Base</title>
<para>
Some people intend to use the data of an existing Windows partition
with Wine in order to gain some better compatibility or to run already
installed programs in a setup as original as possible.
Note that many Windows programs assume that they have full write
access to all windows directories.
This means that you either have to configure the Windows
partition mount point for write permission by your Wine user
(see <link linkend="config-drive-vfat">Dealing with FAT/VFAT partitions</link>
on how to do that), or you'll have to copy over (some parts of) the Windows
partition content to a directory of a Unix partition and make
sure this directory structure is writable by your user.
We <emphasis>HIGHLY DISCOURAGE</emphasis> people from directly using a Windows partition with
write access as a base for Wine!! (some programs, notably
Explorer, corrupt large parts of the Windows partition in case
of an incorrect setup; you've been warned).
Not to mention that NTFS write support in Linux is still very
experimental and <emphasis>dangerous</emphasis> (in case you're using an NT-based
Windows version using the NTFS file system).
Thus we advise you to go the Unix directory way.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="config-drive-vfat">
<title>Dealing With FAT/VFAT Partitions</title>
<para>
This document describes how FAT and
VFAT file system permissions work in Linux
with a focus on configuring them for Wine.
</para>
<sect3>
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>
Linux is able to access DOS and Windows file systems using
either the FAT (older 8.3 DOS filesystems) or VFAT (newer
Windows 95 or later long filename filesystems) modules.
Mounted FAT or VFAT filesystems provide the primary means
for which existing programs and their data are accessed
through Wine for dual boot (Linux + Windows) systems.
</para>
<para>
Wine maps mounted FAT file systems, such as
<filename>/c</filename>, to drive letters, such as
<quote>c:</quote>, by means of symbolic links in the
<link linkend="config-drive-sections"><filename>dosdevices</filename></link>
directory. Thus, in your dosdevices directory, you could type
the command:
<programlisting>
ln -s /c c:
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Although VFAT filesystems are preferable to FAT filesystems
for their long filename support, the term <quote>FAT</quote>
will be used throughout the remainder of this document to
refer to FAT filesystems and their derivatives. Also,
<quote>/c</quote> will be used as the FAT mount point in
examples throughout this document.
</para>
<para>
Most modern Linux distributions either detect or allow
existing FAT file systems to be configured so that they can be
mounted, in a location such as <filename>/c</filename>,
either persistently (on bootup) or on an as needed basis. In
either case, by default, the permissions will probably be
configured so that they look like:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>~></prompt><userinput>cd /c</userinput>
<prompt>/c></prompt><userinput>ls -l</userinput>
<computeroutput>-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 91 Oct 10 17:58 autoexec.bat
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 245 Oct 10 17:58 config.sys
drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 16384 Dec 30 1998 windows</computeroutput>
</screen>
<para>
where all the files are owned by "root", are in the "root"
group and are only writable by "root"
(<literal>755</literal> permissions). This is restrictive in
that it requires that Wine be run as root in order for
programs to be able to write to any part of the
filesystem.
</para>
<para>
There are three major approaches to overcoming the restrictive
permissions mentioned in the previous paragraph:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Run <application>Wine</application> as root
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Mount the FAT filesystem with less restrictive
permissions
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Shadow the FAT filesystem by completely or partially
copying it
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>
Each approach will be discussed in the following sections.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Running Wine as root</title>
<para>
Running Wine as root is the easiest and most thorough way of giving
programs that Wine runs unrestricted access to FAT files systems.
Running wine as root also allows programs to do things unrelated
to FAT filesystems, such as listening to ports that are less than
1024. Running Wine as root is dangerous since there is no limit to
what the program can do to the system, so it's <emphasis>HIGHLY DISCOURAGED</emphasis>.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Mounting FAT filesystems</title>
<para>
The FAT filesystem can be mounted with permissions less restrictive
than the default. This can be done by either changing the user that
mounts the FAT filesystem or by explicitly changing the permissions
that the FAT filesystem is mounted with. The permissions are
inherited from the process that mounts the FAT filesystem. Since the
process that mounts the FAT filesystem is usually a startup script
running as root the FAT filesystem inherits root's permissions. This
results in the files on the FAT filesystem having permissions similar
to files created by root. For example:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>~></prompt><userinput>whoami</userinput>
<computeroutput>root</computeroutput>
<prompt>~></prompt><userinput>touch root_file</userinput>
<prompt>~></prompt><userinput>ls -l root_file</userinput>
<computeroutput></computeroutput>-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 10 00:20 root_file
</screen>
<para>
which matches the owner, group and permissions of files seen
on the FAT filesystem except for the missing 'x's. The
permissions on the FAT filesystem can be changed by changing
root's umask (unset permissions bits). For example:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>~></prompt><userinput>umount /c</userinput>
<prompt>~></prompt><userinput>umask</userinput>
<computeroutput>022</computeroutput>
<prompt>~></prompt><userinput>umask 073</userinput>
<prompt>~></prompt><userinput>mount /c</userinput>
<prompt>~></prompt><userinput>cd /c</userinput>
<prompt>/c></prompt><userinput>ls -l</userinput>
<computeroutput>-rwx---r-- 1 root root 91 Oct 10 17:58 autoexec.bat
-rwx---r-- 1 root root 245 Oct 10 17:58 config.sys
drwx---r-- 41 root root 16384 Dec 30 1998 windows</computeroutput>
</screen>
<para>
Mounting the FAT filesystem with a umask of
<literal>000</literal> gives all users complete control over
it. Explicitly specifying the permissions of the FAT
filesystem when it is mounted provides additional control.
There are three mount options that are relevant to FAT
permissions: <literal>uid</literal>, <literal>gid</literal>
and <literal>umask</literal>. They can each be specified
when the filesystem is manually mounted. For example:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>~></prompt><userinput>umount /c</userinput>
<prompt>~></prompt><userinput>mount -o uid=500 -o gid=500 -o umask=002 /c</userinput>
<prompt>~></prompt><userinput>cd /c</userinput>
<prompt>/c></prompt><userinput>ls -l</userinput>
<computeroutput>-rwxrwxr-x 1 sle sle 91 Oct 10 17:58 autoexec.bat
-rwxrwxr-x 1 sle sle 245 Oct 10 17:58 config.sys
drwxrwxr-x 41 sle sle 16384 Dec 30 1998 windows</computeroutput>
</screen>
<para>
which gives "sle" complete control over
<filename>/c</filename>. The options listed above can be
made permanent by adding them to the
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>~></prompt><userinput>grep /c /etc/fstab</userinput>
<computeroutput>/dev/hda1 /c vfat uid=500,gid=500,umask=002,exec,dev,suid,rw 1 1</computeroutput>
</screen>
<para>
Note that the umask of <literal>002</literal> is common in
the user private group file permission scheme. On FAT file
systems this umask assures that all files are fully
accessible by all users in the specified user group
(<literal>gid</literal>).
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Shadowing FAT filesystems</title>
<para>
Shadowing provides a finer granularity of control. Parts of
the original FAT filesystem can be copied so that the
program can safely work with those copied parts while
the program continues to directly read the remaining
parts. This is done with symbolic links. For example,
consider a system where a program named
<application>AnApp</application> must be able to read and
write to the <filename>c:\windows</filename> and
<filename>c:\AnApp</filename> directories as well as have
read access to the entire FAT filesystem. On this system
the FAT filesystem has default permissions which should not
be changed for security reasons or cannot be changed due to
lack of root access. On this system a shadow directory
might be set up in the following manner:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>~></prompt><userinput>cd /</userinput>
<prompt>/></prompt><userinput>mkdir c_shadow</userinput>
<prompt>/></prompt><userinput>cd c_shadow</userinput>
<prompt>/c_shadow></prompt><userinput>ln -s /c_/* .</userinput>
<prompt>/c_shadow></prompt><userinput>rm windows AnApp</userinput>
<prompt>/c_shadow></prompt><userinput>cp -R /c_/{windows,AnApp} .</userinput>
<prompt>/c_shadow></prompt><userinput>chmod -R 777 windows AnApp</userinput>
<prompt>/c_shadow></prompt><userinput>perl -p -i -e 's|/c$|/c_shadow|g' ~/.wine/config</userinput>
</screen>
<para>
The above gives everyone complete read and write access to
the <filename>windows</filename> and
<filename>AnApp</filename> directories while only root has
write access to all other directories.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="config-drive-cdrom-labels">
<title>Drive labels and serial numbers</title>
<para>
Wine can read drive volume labels and serial numbers directly
from the device. This may be useful for many Win 9x games or
for setup programs distributed on CD-ROMs that check for
volume label.
</para>
<sect3>
<title>What's Supported?</title>
<informaltable frame="all">
<tgroup cols="3">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>File System</entry>
<entry>Types</entry>
<entry>Comment</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>FAT systems</entry>
<entry>hd, floppy</entry>
<entry>reads labels and serial numbers</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>ISO9660</entry>
<entry>cdrom</entry>
<entry>reads labels and serial numbers (not mixed-mode CDs yet!)</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>How To Set Up?</title>
<para>
Reading labels and serial numbers just works automatically
if you specify the correct symbolic links for the devices
(with double colons after the drive letters) in your
<link linkend="config-drive-sections"><filename>dosdevices</filename></link>
directory.
Note that the device has to exist and must be accessible by the user
running Wine if you do this, though.
</para>
<para>
If you don't want to read labels and serial numbers directly from
the device, you can create files at the root of the drive
named <filename>.windows-label</filename> and
<filename>.windows-serial</filename> respectively. These are
simple ASCII files that you can create with any text editor;
the label can be set to any string you like, the serial
number should be expressed as an hexadecimal number.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Examples</title>
<para>
Here's a simple example of CD-ROM and floppy:
</para>
<programlisting>
cd ~/.wine/dosdevices
ln -s /mnt/floppy a:
ln -s /dev/fd0 a::
ln -s /mnt/cdrom r:
ln -s /dev/hda1 r::
</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Todo / Open Issues</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem> <para>
The CD-ROM label can be read only if the data track of
the disk resides in the first track and the cdrom is
iso9660.
</para> </listitem>
<listitem> <para>
Support for labels/serial nums WRITING.
</para> </listitem>
<listitem> <para>
What about reading ext2 volume label? ....
</para> </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
&registry;
<sect1 id="config-dll">
<title>DLL configuration</title>
<sect2>
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>
If your programs don't work as expected, then it's often because one
DLL or another is failing. This can often be resolved by changing
certain DLLs from Wine built-in to native Windows DLL file and vice
versa.
</para>
<para>
A very useful help to find out which DLLs are loaded as built-in and
which are loaded as native Windows file can be the debug channel
loaddll, activated via the environment variable
<command>WINEDEBUG=+loaddll</command>.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<!-- FIXME intro!!! -->
<title>Introduction To DLL Sections</title>
<para>
There are a few things you will need to know before
configuring the DLL sections in your wine configuration
file.
</para>
<sect3>
<title>Windows DLL Pairs</title>
<para>
Most windows DLL's have a win16 (Windows 3.x) and win32
(Windows 9x/NT) form. The combination of the win16 and
win32 DLL versions are called the "DLL pair". This is a
list of the most common pairs:
</para>
<informaltable>
<tgroup cols="3">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Win16</entry>
<entry>Win32</entry>
<entry>
Native
<footnote>
<para>
Is it possible to use native DLL with wine?
(See next section)
</para>
</footnote>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>KERNEL</entry>
<entry>KERNEL32</entry>
<entry>No!</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>USER</entry>
<entry>USER32</entry>
<entry>No!</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>SHELL</entry>
<entry>SHELL32</entry>
<entry>Yes</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>GDI</entry>
<entry>GDI32</entry>
<entry>No!</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>COMMDLG</entry>
<entry>COMDLG32</entry>
<entry>Yes</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>VER</entry>
<entry>VERSION</entry>
<entry>Yes</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Different Forms Of DLL's</title>
<para>
There are a few different forms of DLL's wine can load:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>native</term>
<listitem><para>
The DLL's that are included with windows. Many
windows DLL's can be loaded in their native
form. Many times these native versions work
better than their non-Microsoft equivalent --
other times they don't.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>builtin</term>
<listitem><para>
The most common form of DLL loading. This is
what you will use if the DLL is too system-specific
or error-prone in native form (KERNEL for example),
you don't have the native DLL, or you just want to be
Microsoft-free.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>so</term>
<listitem><para>
Native ELF libraries. Has became obsolete, ignored.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>elfdll</term>
<listitem><para>
ELF encapsulated windows DLL's.
No longer used, ignored.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="config-dll-overrides">
<title>DLL Overrides</title>
<para>
The wine configuration file directives [DllDefaults]
and [DllOverrides] are the subject of some confusion. The
overall purpose of most of these directives are clear enough,
though - given a choice, should Wine use its own built-in
DLLs, or should it use <filename>.DLL</filename> files found
in an existing Windows installation? This document explains
how this feature works.
</para>
<sect3>
<title>DLL types</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>native</term>
<listitem> <para>
A "native" DLL is a <filename>.DLL</filename> file
written for the real Microsoft Windows.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>builtin</term>
<listitem> <para>
A "built-in" DLL is a Wine DLL. These can either be a
part of <filename>libwine.so</filename>, or more
recently, in a special <filename>.so</filename> file
that Wine is able to load on demand.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>The [DllDefaults] section</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>DefaultLoadOrder</term>
<listitem> <para>
This specifies in what order Wine should search for
available DLL types, if the DLL in question was not
found in the [DllOverrides] section.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>The [DllPairs] section</title>
<para>
At one time, there was a section called [DllPairs] in the
default configuration file, but this has been obsoleted
because the pairing information has now been embedded into
Wine itself. (The purpose of this section was merely to be
able to issue warnings if the user attempted to pair
codependent 16-bit/32-bit DLLs of different types.) If you
still have this in your <filename>~/.wine/config</filename> or
<filename>wine.conf</filename>, you may safely delete it.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>The [DllOverrides] section</title>
<para>
This section specifies how you want specific DLLs to be
handled, in particular whether you want to use "native" DLLs
or not, if you have some from a real Windows configuration.
Because built-ins do not mix seamlessly with native DLLs yet,
certain DLL dependencies may be problematic, but workarounds
exist in Wine for many popular DLL configurations. Also see
WWN's [16]Status Page to figure out how well your favorite
DLL is implemented in Wine.
</para>
<para>
It is of course also possible to override these settings by
explicitly using Wine's <parameter>--dll</parameter>
command-line option (see the man page for details). Some
hints for choosing your optimal configuration (listed by
16/32-bit DLL pair):
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>krnl386, kernel32</term>
<listitem> <para>
Native versions of these will never work, so don't try. Leave
at <literal>builtin</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>gdi, gdi32</term>
<listitem> <para>
Graphics Device Interface. No effort has been made at trying to
run native GDI. Leave at <literal>builtin</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>user, user32</term>
<listitem> <para>
Window management and standard controls. It was
possible to use Win95's <literal>native</literal>
versions at some point (if all other DLLs that depend
on it, such as comctl32 and comdlg32, were also run
<literal>native</literal>). However, this is no longer
possible after the Address Space Separation, so leave
at <literal>builtin</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ntdll</term>
<listitem> <para>
NT kernel API. Although badly documented, the
<literal>native</literal> version of this will never
work. Leave at <literal>builtin</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>w32skrnl</term>
<listitem> <para>
Win32s (for Win3.x). The <literal>native</literal>
version will probably never work. Leave at
<literal>builtin</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>wow32</term>
<listitem> <para>
Win16 support library for NT. The
<literal>native</literal> version will probably never
work. Leave at <literal>builtin</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>system</term>
<listitem> <para>
Win16 kernel stuff. Will never work
<literal>native</literal>. Leave at
<literal>builtin</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>display</term>
<listitem> <para>
Display driver. Definitely leave at <literal>builtin</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>toolhelp</term>
<listitem> <para>
Tool helper routines. This is rarely a source of problems.
Leave at <literal>builtin</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ver, version</term>
<listitem> <para>
Versioning. Seldom useful to mess with.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>advapi32</term>
<listitem> <para>
Registry and security features. Trying the
<literal>native</literal> version of this may or may
not work.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>commdlg, comdlg32</term>
<listitem> <para>
Common Dialogs, such as color picker, font dialog,
print dialog, open/save dialog, etc. It is safe to try
<literal>native</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>commctrl, comctl32</term>
<listitem> <para>
Common Controls. This is toolbars, status bars, list controls,
the works. It is safe to try <literal>native</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>shell, shell32</term>
<listitem> <para>
Shell interface (desktop, filesystem, etc). Being one of the
most undocumented pieces of Windows, you may have luck with the
<literal>native</literal> version, should you need it.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>winsock, wsock32</term>
<listitem> <para>
Windows Sockets. The <literal>native</literal> version
will not work under Wine, so leave at
<literal>builtin</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>icmp</term>
<listitem> <para>
ICMP routines for wsock32. As with wsock32, leave at
<literal>builtin</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>mpr</term>
<listitem> <para>
The <literal>native</literal> version may not work due
to thunking issues. Leave at
<literal>builtin</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>lzexpand, lz32</term>
<listitem> <para>
Lempel-Ziv decompression. Wine's
<literal>builtin</literal> version ought to work fine.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>winaspi, wnaspi32</term>
<listitem> <para>
Advanced SCSI Peripheral Interface. The
<literal>native</literal> version will probably never
work. Leave at <literal>builtin</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>crtdll</term>
<listitem> <para>
C Runtime library. The <literal>native</literal>
version will easily work better than Wine's on this
one.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>winspool.drv</term>
<listitem> <para>
Printer spooler. You are not likely to have more luck
with the <literal>native</literal> version.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ddraw</term>
<listitem> <para>
DirectDraw/Direct3D. Since Wine does not implement the
DirectX HAL, the <literal>native</literal> version
will not work at this time.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>dinput</term>
<listitem> <para>
DirectInput. Running this <literal>native</literal>
may or may not work.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>dsound</term>
<listitem> <para>
DirectSound. It may be possible to run this
<literal>native</literal>, but don't count on it.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>dplay/dplayx</term>
<listitem> <para>
DirectPlay. The <literal>native</literal> version
ought to work best on this, if at all.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>mmsystem, winmm</term>
<listitem> <para>
Multimedia system. The <literal>native</literal>
version is not likely to work. Leave at
<literal>builtin</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>msacm, msacm32</term>
<listitem> <para>
Audio Compression Manager. The
<literal>builtin</literal> version works best, if you
set msacm.drv to the same.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>msvideo, msvfw32</term>
<listitem> <para>
Video for Windows. It is safe (and recommended) to try
<literal>native</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>mcicda.drv</term>
<listitem> <para>
CD Audio MCI driver.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>mciseq.drv</term>
<listitem> <para>
MIDI Sequencer MCI driver (<filename>.MID</filename>
playback).
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>mciwave.drv</term>
<listitem> <para>
Wave audio MCI driver (<filename>.WAV</filename> playback).
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>mciavi.drv</term>
<listitem> <para>
AVI MCI driver (<filename>.AVI</filename> video
playback). Best to use <literal>native</literal>.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>mcianim.drv</term>
<listitem> <para>
Animation MCI driver.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>msacm.drv</term>
<listitem> <para>
Audio Compression Manager. Set to same as msacm32.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>midimap.drv</term>
<listitem> <para>
MIDI Mapper.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>wprocs</term>
<listitem> <para>
This is a pseudo-DLL used by Wine for thunking
purposes. A <literal>native</literal> version of this
doesn't exist.
</para> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="config-system-dlls">
<title>System DLLs</title>
<para>
The Wine team has determined that it is necessary to create
fake DLL files to trick many programs that check for
file existence to determine whether a particular feature
(such as Winsock and its TCP/IP networking) is available. If
this is a problem for you, you can create empty files in the
configured <filename>c:\windows\system</filename> directory
to make the program think it's there, and Wine's built-in DLL
will be loaded when the program actually asks for it.
(Unfortunately, <filename>tools/wineinstall</filename> does
not create such empty files itself.)
</para>
<para>
Applications sometimes also try to inspect the version
resources from the physical files (for example, to determine
the DirectX version). Empty files will not do in this case,
it is rather necessary to install files with complete
version resources. This problem is currently being worked
on. In the meantime, you may still need to grab some real
DLL files to fool these apps with.
</para>
<para>
And there are of course DLLs that wine does not currently
implement very well (or at all). If you do not have a real
Windows you can steal necessary DLLs from, you can always
get some from one of the Windows DLL archive sites
that can be found via internet search engine.
Please make sure to obey any licenses on the DLLs you fetch...
(some are redistributable, some aren't).
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="config-dll-missing">
<title>Missing DLLs</title>
<para>
In case Wine complains about a missing DLL, you should check whether
this file is a publicly available DLL or a custom DLL belonging
to your program (by searching for its name on the internet).
If you managed to get hold of the DLL, then you should make sure
that Wine is able to find and load it.
DLLs usually get loaded according to the mechanism of the
SearchPath() function.
This function searches directories in the following order:
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
The directory the program was started from.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The current directory.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The Windows system directory.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The Windows directory.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The PATH variable directories.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
In short: either put the required DLL into your program
directory (might be ugly), or usually put it into the Windows system
directory. Just find out its directory by having a look at the Wine
configuration file variable "System" (which indicates the location of the
Windows system directory) and the associated drive entry.
Note that you probably shouldn't use NT-based native DLLs,
since Wine's NT API support is somewhat weaker than its Win9x
API support (thus leading to even worse compatibility with NT DLLs
than with a no-windows setup!), so better use Win9x native DLLs
instead or no native DLLs at all.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="config-dll-windows">
<title>Fetching native DLLs from a Windows CD</title>
<para>
The Linux <command>cabextract</command> utility can be used to
extract native Windows .dll files from .cab files that are to be
found on many Windows installation CDs.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="config-graphics-driver">
<title>Configuring the graphics driver (x11drv, ttydrv etc.)</title>
<para>
Wine currently supports several different display subsystems
(graphics / text) that are available on various operating
systems today.
For each of these, Wine implements its own interfacing driver.
This section explains how to select one of these drivers
and how to further configure the respective driver.
Once you're finished with that, you can consider your Wine installation
to be finished.
</para>
<para>
The display drivers currently implemented in Wine are:
x11drv, which is used for interfacing to X11 graphics
(the one you'll most likely want to use) and ttydrv
(used for text mode console apps mainly that don't really need
any graphics output).
Once you have decided which display driver to use, it is chosen
with the <literal>GraphicsDriver</literal> option in the
[wine] section of <filename>~/.wine/config</filename>.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Configuring the x11drv graphics driver</title>
<sect3>
<title>x11drv modes of operation</title>
<para>
The x11drv driver consists of two conceptually distinct
pieces, the graphics driver (GDI part), and the windowing
driver (USER part). Both of these are linked into the
<filename>libx11drv.so</filename> module, though (which you
load with the <literal>GraphicsDriver</literal> option). In
Wine, running on X11, the graphics driver must draw on
drawables (window interiors) provided by the windowing
driver. This differs a bit from the Windows model, where the
windowing system creates and configures device contexts
controlled by the graphics driver, and programs are
allowed to hook into this relationship anywhere they like.
Thus, to provide any reasonable tradeoff between
compatibility and usability, the x11drv has three different
modes of operation.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>Managed</term>
<listitem>
<para>
The default. Specified by using the <literal>Managed</literal>
wine configuration file option (see below).
Ordinary top-level frame windows with thick borders,
title bars, and system menus will be managed by your
window manager. This lets these programs integrate
better with the rest of your desktop, but may not
always work perfectly (a rewrite of this mode of
operation, to make it more robust and less patchy, is
currently being done, though, and it's planned to be
finished before the Wine 1.0 release).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Unmanaged / Normal</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Window manager independent (any running
window manager is ignored completely). Window
decorations (title bars, borders, etc) are drawn by
Wine to look and feel like the real Windows. This is
compatible with programs that depend on being able
to compute the exact sizes of any such decorations, or
that want to draw their own.
Unmanaged mode is only used if both Managed and Desktop
are set to disabled.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Desktop-in-a-Box</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specified by using the <literal>Desktop</literal>
wine configuration file option (see below).
(adding a geometry, e.g. <literal>800x600</literal>
for a such-sized desktop, or
even <literal>800x600+0+0</literal> to
automatically position the desktop at the upper-left
corner of the display). This is the mode most
compatible with the Windows model. All program
windows will just be Wine-drawn windows inside the
Wine-provided desktop window (which will itself be
managed by your window manager), and Windows
programs can roam freely within this virtual
workspace and think they own it all, without
disturbing your other X apps.
Note: currently there's one desktop window for every
program; this will be fixed at some time.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>The [x11drv] section</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>Managed</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Wine can let frame windows be managed by your window
manager. This option specifies whether you want that
by default.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Desktop</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Creates a main desktop window of a specified size
to display all Windows programs in.
The size argument could e.g. be "800x600".
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>DXGrab</term>
<listitem>
<para>
If you don't use DGA, you may want an alternative
means to convince the mouse cursor to stay within the
game window. This option does that. Of course, as with
DGA, if Wine crashes, you're in trouble (although not
as badly as in the DGA case, since you can still use
the keyboard to get out of X).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>UseDGA</term>
<listitem>
<para>
This specifies whether you want DirectDraw to use
XFree86's <firstterm>Direct Graphics
Architecture</firstterm> (DGA), which is able to
take over the entire display and run the game
full-screen at maximum speed. (With DGA1 (XFree86
3.x), you still have to configure the X server to the
game's requested bpp first, but with DGA2 (XFree86
4.x), runtime depth-switching may be possible,
depending on your driver's capabilities.) But be aware
that if Wine crashes while in DGA mode, it may not be
possible to regain control over your computer without
rebooting. DGA normally requires either root
privileges or read/write access to
<filename>/dev/mem</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>DesktopDoubleBuffered</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Applies only if you use the
<parameter>--desktop</parameter> command-line option
to run in a desktop window. Specifies whether to
create the desktop window with a double-buffered
visual, something most OpenGL games need to run
correctly.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>AllocSystemColors</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Applies only if you have a palette-based display, i.e.
if your X server is set to a depth of 8bpp, and if you
haven't requested a private color map. It specifies
the maximum number of shared colormap cells (palette
entries) Wine should occupy. The higher this value,
the less colors will be available to other
programs.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>PrivateColorMap</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Applies only if you have a palette-based display, i.e.
if your X server is set to a depth of 8bpp. It
specifies that you don't want to use the shared color
map, but a private color map, where all 256 colors are
available. The disadvantage is that Wine's private
color map is only seen while the mouse pointer is
inside a Wine window, so psychedelic flashing and
funky colors will become routine if you use the mouse
a lot.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Synchronous</term>
<listitem>
<para>
To be used for debugging X11 operations.
If Wine crashes with an X11 error, then you should enable
Synchronous mode to disable X11 request caching in order
to make sure that the X11 error happens directly after
the corresponding X11 call in the log file appears.
Will slow down X11 output!
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ScreenDepth</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Applies only to multi-depth displays. It specifies
which of the available depths Wine should use (and
tell Windows apps about).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Display</term>
<listitem>
<para>
This specifies which X11 display to use, and if
specified, will override the
<envar>DISPLAY</envar> environment variable.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>PerfectGraphics</term>
<listitem>
<para>
This option only determines whether fast X11 routines
or exact Wine routines will be used for certain ROP
codes in blit operations. Most users won't notice any
difference.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Configuring the ttydrv graphics driver</title>
<para>
Currently, the ttydrv doesn't have any special configuration
options to set in the configuration file.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="config-windows-versions">
<title>Setting the Windows and DOS version value</title>
<para>
The windows and DOS version value a program gets e.g. by calling the
Windows function GetVersion() plays a very important role:
If your Wine installation for whatever reason fails to provide
to your program the correct version value that it expects,
then the program might assume some very bad things and fail (in
the worst case even silently!).
Fortunately Wine contains some more or less intelligent Windows
version guessing algorithm that will try to guess the Windows
version a program might expect and pass that one on to the
program.
Thus you should <emphasis>not</emphasis> lightly configure a version value, as this will be a "forced" value and thus turn out to be rather harmful to proper operation. In other words: only explicitly set a Windows version value in case Wine's own version detection was unable to provide the correct Windows version and the program fails.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>How to configure the Windows and DOS version value Wine
should return</title>
<para>
The version values can be configured in the wine configuration file in
the [Version] section.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>"Windows" = "&lt;version string&gt;"</term>
<listitem>
<para>
default: none; chosen by semi-intelligent detection
mechanism based on DLL environment.
Used to specify which Windows version to return to
programs (forced value, overrides standard detection
mechanism!). Valid settings are e.g. "win31", "win95",
"win98", "win2k", "winxp".
Also valid as an
<link linkend="config-appdefaults">AppDefaults</link>
setting (recommended/preferred use).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>"DOS"="&lt;version string&gt;"</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Used to specify the DOS version that should be returned
to programs. Only takes effect in case Wine acts as
"win31" Windows version! Common DOS version settings
include 6.22, 6.20, 6.00, 5.00, 4.00, 3.30, 3.10.
Also valid as an
<link linkend="config-appdefaults">AppDefaults</link>
setting (recommended/preferred use).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect2>
</sect1>
&fonts;
&printing;
<sect1 id="config-scsi-support">
<title>SCSI Support</title>
<para>
This file describes setting up the Windows ASPI interface.
ASPI is a direct link to SCSI devices from windows programs.
ASPI just forwards the SCSI commands that programs send
to it to the SCSI bus.
</para>
<para>
If you use the wrong SCSI device in your setup file, you can send
completely bogus commands to the wrong device - An example would be
formatting your hard drives (assuming the device gave you permission -
if you're running as root, all bets are off).
</para>
<para>
So please make sure that <emphasis>all</emphasis> SCSI devices not needed by the program
have their permissions set as restricted as possible!
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Windows requirements</title>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
The software needs to use the "Adaptec"
compatible drivers (ASPI). At least with Mustek, they
allow you the choice of using the built-in card or the
"Adaptec (AHA)" compatible drivers. This will not work
any other way. Software that accesses the scanner via a
DOS ASPI driver (e.g. ASPI2DOS) is supported, too.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
You probably need a real windows install of the software
to set the LUN's/SCSI id's up correctly. I'm not exactly
sure.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Linux requirements</title>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Your SCSI card must be supported under Linux. This will
not work with an unknown SCSI card. Even for cheap'n
crappy "scanner only" controllers some special Linux
drivers exist on the net.
If you intend to use your IDE device, you need to use the
ide-scsi emulation.
Read
<ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/CD-Writing-HOWTO.html">
http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/CD-Writing-HOWTO.html</ulink>
for ide-scsi setup instructions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Compile generic SCSI drivers into your kernel.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
This seems to be not required any more for newer (2.2.x) kernels:
Linux by default uses smaller SCSI buffers than Windows.
There is a kernel build define <literal>SG_BIG_BUFF</literal> (in
<filename>sg.h</filename>) that is by default set too
low. The SANE project recommends
<literal>130560</literal> and this seems to work just
fine. This does require a kernel rebuild.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Make the devices for the scanner (generic SCSI devices)
- look at the SCSI programming HOWTO at
<ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/SCSI-Programming-HOWTO.html">
http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/SCSI-Programming-HOWTO.html</ulink>
for device numbering.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
I would recommend making the scanner device writable by
a group. I made a group called
<literal>scanner</literal> and added myself to it.
Running as root increases your risk of sending bad SCSI
commands to the wrong device. With a regular user, you
are better protected.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
For Win32 software (WNASPI32), Wine has auto-detection in place.
For Win16 software (WINASPI), you need to add a SCSI device entry
for your particular scanner to ~/.wine/config. The format is
<literal>[scsi cCtTdD]</literal> where
<literal>"C" = "controller"</literal>,
<literal>"T" = "target"</literal>, <literal>D=LUN</literal>
</para>
<para>
For example, I set mine up as controller <literal>0</literal>,
Target <literal>6</literal>, LUN <literal>0</literal>.
<programlisting>
[scsi c0t6d0]
"Device" = "/dev/sgi"
</programlisting>
Yours will vary with your particular SCSI setup.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Notes</title>
<para>
The biggest drawback is that it only works under Linux at the moment.
The ASPI code has only been tested with:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
a Mustek 800SP with a Buslogic controller under Linux [BM]
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
a Siemens Nixdorf 9036 with Adaptec AVA-1505 under Linux
accessed via DOSASPI. Note that I had color problems,
though (barely readable result) [AM]
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
a Fujitsu M2513A MO drive (640MB) using generic SCSI
drivers. Formatting and ejecting worked perfectly.
Thanks to Uwe Bonnes for access to the hardware! [AM]
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="config-odbc">
<title>Using ODBC</title>
<para>
This section describes how ODBC works within Wine and how to configure it.
</para>
<para>
The ODBC system within Wine, as with the printing system, is designed
to hook across to the Unix system at a high level. Rather than
ensuring that all the windows code works under wine it uses a suitable
Unix ODBC provider, such as UnixODBC. Thus if you configure Wine to
use the built-in odbc32.dll, that Wine DLL will interface to your
Unix ODBC package and let that do the work, whereas if you configure
Wine to use the native odbc32.dll it will try to use the native
ODBC32 drivers etc.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Using a Unix ODBC system with Wine</title>
<para>
The first step in using a Unix ODBC system with Wine is, of course,
to get the Unix ODBC system working itself. This may involve
downloading code or RPMs etc. There are several Unix ODBC systems
available; the one the author is used to is unixODBC (with the
IBM DB2 driver). Typically such systems will include a tool, such
as <command>isql</command>, which will allow you to access the data from the command
line so that you can check that the system is working.
</para>
<para>
The next step is to hook the Unix ODBC library to the wine built-in
odbc32 DLL. The built-in odbc32 (currently) looks to the
environment variable <emphasis>LIB_ODBC_DRIVER_MANAGER</emphasis>
for the name of the ODBC library. For example in the author's
.bashrc file is the line:
</para>
<programlisting>
export LIB_ODBC_DRIVER_MANAGER=/usr/lib/libodbc.so.1.0.0
</programlisting>
<para>
If that environment variable is not set then it looks for a
library called libodbc.so and so you can add a symbolic link to
equate that to your own library. For example as root you could
run the commands:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt># </prompt><userinput>ln -s libodbc.so.1.0.0 /usr/lib/libodbc.so</userinput>
<prompt># </prompt><userinput>/sbin/ldconfig</userinput>
</screen>
<para>
The last step in configuring this is to ensure that Wine is set up
to run the built-in version of odbc32.dll, by modifying the DLL
configuration. This built-in DLL merely acts as a stub between the
calling code and the Unix ODBC library.
</para>
<para>
If you have any problems then you can use WINEDEBUG=+odbc32 command
before running wine to trace what is happening. One word of
warning. Some programs actually cheat a little and bypass the ODBC
library. For example the Crystal Reports engine goes to the registry
to check on the DSN. The fix for this is documented at unixODBC's
site where there is a section on using unixODBC with Wine.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Using Windows ODBC drivers</title>
<para>
Native ODBC drivers have been reported to work for many types of
databases including MSSQL and Oracle. In fact, some like MSSQL can
only be accessed on Linux through a Winelib app. Rather than
just copying DLL files, most ODBC drivers require a Windows-based
installer to run to properly configure things such as registry keys.
</para>
<para>
In order to set up MSSQL support you will first need to download
and run the mdac_typ.exe installer from microsoft.com. In order to
configure your ODBC connections you must then run CLICONFG.EXE and
ODBCAD32.EXE under Wine. You can find them in the windows\system
directory after mdac_typ runs. Compare the output of these programs
with the output on a native Windows machine. Some things, such
as protocols, may be missing because they rely on being installed
along with the operating system. If so, you may be able to copy
missing functionality from an existing Windows installation as
well as any registry values required. A native Windows installation
configured to be used by Wine should work the same way it did
when run natively.
</para>
<para>
Types successfully tested under wine:
</para>
<informaltable>
<tgroup cols="2">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>DB Type</entry>
<entry>Usefulness</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>MS SQL</entry>
<entry>100%</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>
Please report any other successes to the
<ulink url="mailto:wine-devel@winehq.org">wine-devel</ulink>
mailing list.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>
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