589 lines
26 KiB
Plaintext
589 lines
26 KiB
Plaintext
INTRODUCTION
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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This document attempts to establish guidelines for people making binary
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packages of Wine.
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It expresses the basic principles that the Wine developers have agreed
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should be used when building Wine. It also attempts to highlight the areas
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where there are different approaches to packaging Wine, so that the packager
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can understand the different alternatives that have been considered and their
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rationales.
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TERMS
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~~~~~
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There are several terms and paths used in this document as place holders
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for configurable values. Those terms are described here.
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* WINEPREFIX: is the user's Wine configuration directory.
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This is almost always ~/.wine, but can be overridden by
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the user by setting the WINEPREFIX environment variable.
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* PREFIX: is the prefix used when selecting an installation target.
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The current default is /usr/local. This results in binary
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installation into /usr/local/bin, library installation into
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/usr/local/wine/lib, and so forth.
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This value can be overridden by the packager. In fact, FHS 2.2
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(http://www.pathname.com/fhs/) specifications suggest that a better
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prefix is /opt/wine. Ideally, a packager would also allow the
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installer to override this value.
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* ETCDIR: is the prefix that Wine uses to find the global
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configuration directory. This can be changed by the configure
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option sysconfdir. The current default is $PREFIX/etc.
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* WINDOWSDIR: is an important concept to Wine. This directory specifies
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what directory corresponds to the root Windows directory
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(e.g. C:\WINDOWS). This directory is specified by the user, in
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the user's configuration file. Generally speaking, this directory
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is either set to point at an empty directory, or it is set to point
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at a Windows partition that has been mounted through the vfat driver.
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NOTE: It is extremely important that the packager understand the
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importance of WINDOWSDIR and convey this information and
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choice to the end user.
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DEPENDENCIES
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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There are two types of dependencies: hard and soft dependencies.
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A hard dependency must be available at runtime for Wine to function,
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if compiled into the code. Soft dependencies on the other hand
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will degrade gracefully at runtime if unavailable on the runtime system.
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Ideally, we should eliminate all hard dependencies in favour of
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soft dependencies.
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To enable a soft dependency, it must be available at compile time.
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As a packager, please do your best to make sure that as many soft
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dependencies are available during compilation. Failing to have a
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soft dependency available means that users cannot benefit
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from a Wine capability.
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Here is a list of the soft dependencies. We suggest packagers
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install each and every last of those before building the package.
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These libraries are not dependencies in the RPM sense. In DEB packages,
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they should appear as "Suggests" or "Recommends", as the case may be.
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* FreeType: http://www.freetype.org
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This library is used for direct rendering of fonts. It provides
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better support of fonts than using the X11 fonts engine. It is
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only needed for the X11 back end engine. Used from GDI.
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* Alsa: "http://sourceforge.net/projects/alsa (Linux only)
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This library gives sound support to the Windows environment.
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* JACK: http://jackit.sourceforge.net
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Similar to Alsa, it allow Wine to use the JACK audio server.
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* CUPS: http://www.cups.org
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This library allows Windows to see CUPS defined printers.
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* OpenGL
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This is used for both OpenGL and Direct3D (and some other
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DirectX functions as well) support in Wine. There are many many
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libraries for providing this functionality. It is enough for one
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of them to be available when compiling Wine. Wine can work with
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any other library during runtime.
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If no library is available, packagers are encouraged to compile
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Wine with Mesa3D (http://www.mesa3d.org), which requires no
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hardware support to install.
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GOALS
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~~~~~
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An installation from a Wine package should:
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* Install quickly and simply:
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The initial installation should require no user input. An
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'rpm -i wine.rpm' or 'apt-get install wine'
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should suffice for initial installation.
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* Work quickly and simply:
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The user should be able to launch Solitaire
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within minutes of downloading the Wine package.
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* Comply with Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
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A Wine installation should, as much as possible, comply
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with the FHS standard (http://www.pathname.com/fhs/).
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* Preserve flexibility
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None of the flexibility built into Wine should
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be hidden from the end user.
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* Easy configuration
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Come as preconfigured as possible, so the user does
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not need to change any configuration files.
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* Small footprint
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Use only as much diskspace as needed per user.
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* Reduce support requirements.
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A packaged version of Wine should be sufficiently easy to use and
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have quick and easy access to FAQs and documentation such that
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requests to the newsgroup and development group go down.
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Further, it should be easy for users to capture good bug reports.
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REQUIREMENTS
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Successfully installing Wine requires:
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* Much thought and work from the packager (1x)
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* A configuration file
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Wine will not run without a configuration file. Wine provides a
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a sample config file and it can be found in documentation/samples.
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Some packagers may attempt to provide (or dynamically generate) a
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default configuration file. Some packagers may wish to rely on
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winesetup to generate the configuration file.
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* A writeable C drive
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A writeable C:\ directory structure on a per-user basis.
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Applications do dump .ini file into C:\WINDOWS, installer
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dump .exe/.dll/etc. files into C:\WINDOWS or C:\Program Files.
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* An initial set of registry entries.
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For custom changes to the default registry, tools/wine.inf
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can be modified as needed. The current preferred method of
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configuring/installing Wine is to run /tools/wineinstall.
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There are several other choices that could be made; registries
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can be imported from a Windows partition. At this time, Wine
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does not completely support a complex multi-user installation
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ala Windows NT, but it could fairly readily.
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* Special files
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Some special .dll and .exe files in the C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM
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directory, since applications directly check for their presence.
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WINE COMPONENTS
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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* Executable Files
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- notepad : The windows Notepad replacement.
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- progman : A Program Manager replacement.
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- regedit : A graphical tool to edit your registry or for
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important a windows registry to Wine.
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- regsvr32 : A program to register/unregister .DLL's and .OCX files.
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Only works on those dlls that can self-register.
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- taskmgr : A clone of the windows taskmgr, used for debugging and
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managing running Windows and Winlib processes.
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- uninstaller: A program to uninstall installed Windows programs.
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Like the Add/Remove Program in the windows control panel.
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- wcmd : Wine's command line interpreter, a cmd.exe replacement.
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- widl : Wine IDL compiler compiles (MS-RPC and DCOM) Interface
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Definition Language files.
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- wine : The main Wine executable. This program will load a Windows
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binary and run it, relying upon the Wine shared object libraries.
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- wineboot : This program is executed on startup of the first wine
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process of a particular user.wineboot won't automatically run
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when needed. Currently you have to manually run it after you
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install something.
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- winebuild : Winebuild is a tool used for building Winelib applications
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(and by Wine itself) to allow a developer to compile a .spec file
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into a .spec.c file.
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- wineconsole : Render the output of CUI programs.
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- winedbg : A application making use of the debugging API to allow
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debugging of Wine or Winelib applications as well as Wine itself
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(kernel and all DLLs).
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- winedump : Dumps the imports and exports of NE and PE files.
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- winefile : A clone of the win3x filemanager.
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- winegcc/wineg++: Wrappers for gcc/g++ respectively, to make them behave
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as MinGW's gcc. Used for porting apps over to Winelib.
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- winemaker : Winemaker is a perl script which is designed to help you
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bootstrap the conversion of your Windows projects to Winelib.
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- winemine : A clone of "Windows Minesweeper" a demo WineLib app.
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- winepath : A tool for converting between Windows paths and Unix paths
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- wineserver : The Wine server is the process that manages resources,
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coordinates threads, and provides synchronization and interprocess
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communication primitives to Wine processes.
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- wineshelllink : This shell script can be called by Wine in order to
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propagate Desktop icon and menu creation requests out to a
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GNOME or KDE (or other Window Managers).
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- winewrap : Takes care of linking winelib applications. Linking with
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Winelib is a complex process, winewrap makes it simple.
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- winhelp : A Windows Help replacement.
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- wmc : Wine Message Compiler it allows Windows message files to be
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compiled into a format usable by Wine.
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- wrc : the Wine Resource Compiler. A clone of Microsoft's rc.
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* Shared Object Library Files
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To obtain a current list of DLLs, run:
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ls dlls/*.so
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it the root of the Wine _build_ tree, after a successful build.
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* Man Pages
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To obtain a current list of man files that need to be installed, run:
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find . -name "*.man"
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it the root of the Wine _build_ tree, after you have run ./configure.
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* Include Files
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An up to date list of includes can be found in the include/Makefile.in file.
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* Documentation files
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After building the documentation with:
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cd documentation; make html
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install all the files from: wine-user/, wine-devel/ and winelib-user/.
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* Dynamic Wine Files
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Wine also generates and depends on a number of dynamic
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files, including user configuration files and registry files.
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At the time of this writing, there was not a clear
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consensus of where these files should be located, and how
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they should be handled. This section attempts
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to explain the alternatives clearly.
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- WINEPREFIX/config
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This file is the user local Wine configuration file.
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At the time of this writing, if this file exists,
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then no other configuration file is loaded.
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- ETCDIR/wine.conf
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This is the global Wine configuration file. It is only used
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if the user running Wine has no local configuration file.
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Global wine configuration is currently not possible;
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this might get reenabled at some time.
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Some packagers feel that this file should not be supplied,
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and that only a wine.conf.default should be given here.
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Other packagers feel that this file should be the predominant
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file used, and that users should only shift to a local
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configuration file if they need to. An argument has been
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made that the local configuration file should inherit the
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global configuration file. At this time, Wine does not do this;
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please refer to the WineHQ discussion archives for the debate
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concerning this.
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This debate is addressed more completely below, in the
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'Packaging Strategy' section.
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* Registry Files
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In order to replicate the Windows registry system,
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Wine stores registry entries in a series of files.
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For an excellent overview of this issue, read this
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http://www.winehq.org/News/2000-25.html#FTR
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Wine Weekly News feature.
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The bottom line is that, at Wine server startup,
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Wine loads all registry entries into memory
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to create an in memory image of the registry.
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The order of files which Wine uses to load
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registry entries is extremely important,
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as it affects what registry entries are
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actually present. The order is roughly that
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.dat files from a Windows partion are loaded,
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then global registry settings from ETCDIR,
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and then finally local registry settings are
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loaded from WINEPREFIX. As each set are loaded,
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they can override the prior entries. Thus,
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the local registry files take precedence.
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Then, at exit (or at periodic intervals),
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Wine will write either all registry entries
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(or, with the default setting) changed
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registry entries to files in the WINEPREFIX.
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- WINEPREFIX/system.reg
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This file contains the user's local copy of the
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HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE registry hive. In general use, it will
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contain only changes made to the default registry values.
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- WINEPREFIX/user.reg
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This file contains the user's local copy of the
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HKEY_CURRENT_MACHINE registry hive. In general use, it will
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contain only changes made to the default registry values.
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- WINEPREFIX/userdef.reg
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This file contains the user's local copy of the
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HKEY_USERS\.Default registry hive. In general use, it will
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contain only changes made to the default registry values.
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- WINEPREFIX/cachedmetrics.[display]
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This file contains font metrics for the given X display.
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Generally, this cache is generated once at Wine start time.
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cachedmetrics can be generated if absent.
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You should note this can take a long time.
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- ETCDIR/wine.systemreg
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This file contains the global values for HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE.
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The values in this file can be overridden by the user's
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local settings. The location of this directory is hardcoded
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within wine, generally to /etc.
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- ETCDIR/wine.userreg
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This file contains the global values for HKEY_USERS.
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The values in this file can be overridden by the user's
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local settings. This file is likely to be deprecated in
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favor of a global wine.userdef.reg that will only contain
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HKEY_USERS/.Default.
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* Important Files from a Windows Partition
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Wine has the ability to use files from an installation of the
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actual Microsoft Windows operating system. Generally these
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files are loaded on a VFAT partition that is mounted under Linux.
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This is probably the most important configuration detail.
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The use of Windows registry and DLL files dramatically alters the
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behaviour of Wine. If nothing else, pacakager have to make this
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distinction clear to the end user, so that they can intelligently
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choose their configuration.
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- WINDOWSDIR/system32/system.dat
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- WINDOWSDIR/system32/user.dat
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- WINDOWSDIR/win.ini
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* Windows Dynamic Link Libraries (WINDOWSDIR/system32/*.dll)
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Wine has the ability to use the actual Windows DLL files
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when running an application. An end user can configure
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Wine so that Wine uses some or all of these DLL files
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when running a given application.
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PACKAGING STRATEGIES
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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There has recently been a lot of discussion on the Wine
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development mailing list about the best way to build Wine packages.
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There was a lot of discussion, and several diverging points of view.
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This section of the document attempts to present the areas of common
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agreement, and also to present the different approaches advocated on
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the mailing list.
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* Distribution of Wine into packages
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The most basic question to ask is given the Wine CVS tree,
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what physical files are you, the packager, going to produce?
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Are you going to produce only a wine.rpm (as Marcus has done),
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or are you going to produce 6 Debian files (libwine, libwine-dev,
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wine, wine-doc, wine-utils and winesetuptk) as Ove has done?
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At this point, common practice is to adopt to the conventions
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of the targeted distribution.
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* Where to install files
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This question is not really contested. It will vary
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by distribution, and is really up to the packager.
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As a guideline, the current 'make install' process
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seems to behave such that if we pick a single PREFIX then:
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- binary files go into PREFIX/bin
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- library files go into PREFIX/lib/wine
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- include files go into PREFIX/include/wine
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- man pages go into PREFIX/share/man
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- documentation files go into PREFIX/share/doc/wine-VERSION
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You might also want to use the wine wrapper script winelauncher
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that can be found in tools/ directory, as it has several important
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advantages over directly invoking the wine binary.
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See the Executable Files section for details.
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* The question of /opt/wine
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The FHS 2.2 specification suggests that Wine as a package
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should be installed to /opt/wine. None of the existing packages
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follow this guideline (today; check again tomorrow).
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* What files to create
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After installing the static and shareable files, the next
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question the packager needs to ask is how much dynamic
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configuration will be done, and what configuration
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files should be created.
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There are several approaches to this:
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- Rely completely on user file space - install nothing
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This approach relies upon the new winesetup utility
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and the new ability of Wine to launch winesetup if no
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configuration file is found. The basic concept is
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that no global configuration files are created at
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install time. Instead, Wine configuration files are
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created on the fly by the winesetup program when Wine
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is invoked. Further, winesetup creates default
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Windows directories and paths that are stored
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completely in the user's WINEPREFIX. This approach
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has the benefit of simplicity in that all Wine files
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are either stored under /opt/wine or under ~/.wine.
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Further, there is only ever one Wine configuration
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file. This approach, however, adds another level of
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complexity. It does not allow Wine to run Solitaire
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'out of the box'; the user must run the configuration
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program first. Further, winesetup requires Tcl/Tk, a
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requirement not beloved by some. Additionally, this
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approach closes the door on multi user configurations
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and presumes a single user approach.
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- Build a reasonable set of defaults for the global wine.conf,
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facilitate creation of a user's local Wine configuration.
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This approach, best shown by Marcus, causes the
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installation process to auto scan the system,
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and generate a global wine.conf file with best
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guess defaults. The OpenLinux packages follow
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this behaviour.
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The keys to this approach are always putting
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an existing Windows partition into the
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path, and being able to run Solitaire
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right out of the box.
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Another good thing that Marcus does is he
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detects a first time installation and
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does some clever things to improve the
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user's Wine experience.
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A flaw with this approach, however, is it doesn't
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give the user an obvious way to choose not to
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use a Windows partition.
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- Build a reasonable set of defaults for the global wine.conf,
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and ask the user if possible
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This approach, demonstrated by Ove, causes the
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installation process to auto scan the system,
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and generate a global wine.conf file with best
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guess defaults. Because Ove built a Debian
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package, he was able to further query debconf and
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get permission to ask the user some questions,
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allowing the user to decide whether or not to
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use a Windows partition.
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IMPLEMENTATION
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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This section discusses the implementation of a Red Hat 8.0 .spec file.
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For a current .spec file, please refer to any one of the existing SRPMs.
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1. Building the package
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Wine is configured the usual way (depending on your build environment).
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The PREFIX is chosen using your application placement policy
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(/usr/, /usr/X11R6/, /opt/wine/, or similar). The configuration files
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(wine.conf, wine.userreg, wine.systemreg) are targeted for /etc/wine/
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(rationale: FHS 2.2, multiple readonly configuration files of a package).
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Example (split this into %build and %install section for rpm:
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CFLAGS=$RPM_OPT_FLAGS ./configure --prefix=/usr/X11R6 --sysconfdir=/etc/wine/ --enable-dll
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make
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BR=$RPM_BUILD_ROOT
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make install prefix=$BR/usr/X11R6/ sysconfdir=$BR/etc/wine/
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install -d $BR/etc/wine/
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install -m 644 wine.ini $BR/etc/wine/wine.conf
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# Put all our DLLs in a separate directory. (this works only if you have a buildroot)
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install -d $BR/usr/X11R6/lib/wine
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mv $BR/usr/X11R6/lib/lib* $BR/usr/X11R6/lib/wine/
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# The Wine server is needed.
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install -m 755 server/wineserver $BR/usr/X11R6/bin/
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There are now a lot of libraries generated by the build process, so a
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separate library directory should be used.
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install -d 755 $BR/usr/X11R6/lib/
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mv $BR/
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You will need to package the files:
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$prefix/bin/wine, $prefix/lib/wine/*
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$prefix/man/man1/wine.1, $prefix/include/wine/*,
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$prefix/bin/wineserver
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%config /etc/wine/*
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%doc ... choose from the toplevel directory and documentation/
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The post-install script:
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if ! grep /usr/X11R6/lib/wine /etc/ld.so.conf >/dev/null; then
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echo "/usr/X11R6/lib/wine" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
|
|
fi
|
|
/sbin/ldconfig
|
|
|
|
The post-uninstall script:
|
|
|
|
if [ "$1" = 0 ]; then
|
|
perl -ni -e 'print unless m:/usr/X11R6/lib/wine:;' /etc/ld.so.conf
|
|
fi
|
|
/sbin/ldconfig
|
|
|
|
2. Creating a good default configuration file.
|
|
|
|
For the rationales of needing as less input from the user as possible arises
|
|
the need for a very good configuration file. The one supplied with Wine is
|
|
currently lacking. We need:
|
|
|
|
* [Drive X]:
|
|
- A for the floppy. Specify your distribution's default floppy mountpoint.
|
|
Path=/auto/floppy
|
|
- C for the C:\ directory. Here we use the user's home directory, for most
|
|
applications do see C:\ as root-writeable directory of every windows
|
|
installation and this basically is it in the UNIX-user context.
|
|
Don't forget to identify environment variables as DOS ones (ie, surrounded by '%').
|
|
Path=%HOME%
|
|
- R for the CD-Rom drive. Specify your distribution's default CD-ROM mountpoint.
|
|
Path=/auto/cdrom
|
|
- T for temporary storage. We do use /tmp/ (rationale: between process
|
|
temporary data belongs to /tmp/ , FHS 2.0)
|
|
Path=/tmp/
|
|
- W for the original Windows installation. This drive points to the
|
|
WINDOWSDIR subdirectory of the original windows installation.
|
|
This avoids problems with renamed WINDOWSDIR directories (as for
|
|
instance lose95, win or sys\win95). During compile/package/install
|
|
we leave this to be / , it has to be configured after the package install.
|
|
- Z for the UNIX Root directory. This avoids any roblems with
|
|
"could not find drive for current directory" users occasionally complain
|
|
about in the newsgroup and the irc channel. It also makes the whole
|
|
directory structure browseable. The type of Z should be network,
|
|
so applications expect it to be readonly.
|
|
Path=/
|
|
|
|
* [wine]:
|
|
Windows=c:\windows\ (the windows/ subdirectory in the user's
|
|
home directory)
|
|
System=c:\windows\system\ (the windows/system subdirectory in the user's
|
|
home directory)
|
|
Path=c:\windows;c:\windows\system;c:\windows\system32;w:\;w:\system;w:\system32;
|
|
; Using this trick we have in fact two windows installations in one, we
|
|
; get the stuff from the readonly installation and can write to our own.
|
|
Temp=t:\ (the TEMP directory)
|
|
|
|
* Possibly modify the [spooler], [serialports] and [parallelports] sections.
|
|
FIXME: possibly more, including printer stuff.
|
|
|
|
Add this prepared configuration file to the package.
|
|
|
|
3. Installing Wine for the system administrator
|
|
|
|
Install the package using the usual packager 'rpm -i wine.rpm'.
|
|
You may edit /etc/wine/wine.conf , [Drive W], to point to a
|
|
possible Windows installation right after the install. That's it.
|
|
|
|
Note that on Linux you should somehow try to add the unhide mount optioni
|
|
(see 'man mount') to the CD-ROM entry in /etc/fstab during package install,
|
|
as several stupid Windows programs mark some setup (!) files as hidden
|
|
(ISO9660) on CD-ROMs, which will greatly confuse users as they won't find
|
|
their setup files on the CD-ROMs as they were used on Windows systems when
|
|
unhide is not set ;-\ And of course the setup program will complain
|
|
that setup.ins or some other mess is missing... If you choose to do so,
|
|
then please make this change verbose to the admin.
|
|
|
|
Also make sure that the kernel you use includes the Joliet CD-ROM support,
|
|
for the very same reasons as given above (no long filenames due to missing
|
|
Joliet, files not found).
|
|
|
|
4. Installing Wine for the user
|
|
|
|
The user will need to run a setup script before the first invocation of Wine.
|
|
This script should:
|
|
* Copy /etc/wine/wine.conf for user modification.
|
|
* Allow specification of the original windows installation to use
|
|
(which modifies the copied wine.conf file).
|
|
* Create the windows directory structure (c:\windows, c:\windows\system,
|
|
c:\windows\Start Menu\Programs, c:\Program Files, c:\Desktop, etc.)
|
|
* Symlink all .dll and .exe files from the original windows installation
|
|
to the windows directory. Why? Some programs reference
|
|
"%windowsdir%/file.dll" or "%systemdir%/file.dll" directly and fail
|
|
if they are not present. This will give a huge number of symlinks, yes.
|
|
However, if an installer later overwrites one of those files, it will
|
|
overwrite the symlink (so that the file now lies in the windows/
|
|
subdirectory). FIXME: Not sure this is needed for all files.
|
|
* On later invocation the script might want to compare regular files in
|
|
the user's windows directories and in the global windows directories
|
|
and replace same files by symlinks (to avoid diskspace problems).
|
|
|
|
AUTHORS
|
|
~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Written in 1999 by Marcus Meissner <marcus@jet.franken.de>
|
|
Updated in 2000 by Jeremy White <jwhite@codeweavers.com>
|
|
Updated in 2002 by Andreas Mohr <andi@rhlx01.fht-esslingen.de>
|
|
Updated in 2003 by Tom Wickline <twickline2@triad.rr.com>
|
|
Updated in 2003 by Dimitrie O. Paun <dpaun@rogers.com>
|