499 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
499 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
<chapter id="fonts">
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<title>Dealing with Fonts</title>
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<sect1 id="windows-fonts">
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<title>Fonts</title>
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<para>
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Written by &name-alex-korobka; <email>&email-alex-korobka;</email>
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</para>
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<para>
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(Extracted from <filename>wine/documentation/fonts</filename>)
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</para>
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<para>
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<note>
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<para>
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The <command>fnt2bdf</command> utility is included with
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Wine. It can be found in the <filename>tools</filename>
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directory. Links to the other tools mentioned in this
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document can be found on wine headquarters:
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<ulink url="http://www.winehq.com/tools.html">http://www.winehq.com/tools.html</ulink>
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</para>
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</note>
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</para>
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<sect2>
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<title>How To Convert Windows Fonts</title>
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<para>
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If you have access to a Windows installation you should use
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<command>fnt2bdf</command> utility (found in the
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<filename>tools</filename> directory) to convert bitmap
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fonts (<filename>VGASYS.FON</filename>,
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<filename>SSERIFE.FON</filename>, and
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<filename>SERIFE.FON</filename>) into the format that the X
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Window System can recognize.
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</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Extract bitmap fonts with <command>fnt2bdf</command>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Convert <filename>.bdf</filename> files produced by Step
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1 into <filename>.pcf</filename> files with
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<command>bdftopcf</command>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Copy <filename>.pcf</filename> files to the font server
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directory which is usually
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<filename>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc</filename> (you will
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probably need superuser privileges). If you want to
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create a new font directory you will need to add it to
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the font path.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Run <command>mkfontdir</command> for the directory you
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copied fonts to. If you are already in X you should run
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<command>xset fp rehash</command> to make X server aware
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of the new fonts.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Edit the <filename>~/.wine/config</filename> file to remove
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aliases for the fonts you've just installed.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>
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WINE can get by without these fonts but 'the look and feel'
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may be quite different. Also, some applications try to load
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their custom fonts on the fly (WinWord 6.0) and since WINE
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does not implement this yet it instead prints out something
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like;
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</para>
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<screen>
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STUB: AddFontResource( SOMEFILE.FON )
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</screen>
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<para>
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You can convert this file too. Note that
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<filename>.FON</filename> file may not hold any bitmap
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fonts and <command>fnt2bdf</command> will fail if this is
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the case. Also note that although the above message will not
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disappear WINE will work around the problem by using the
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font you extracted from the
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<filename>SOMEFILE.FON</filename>.
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<command>fnt2bdf</command> will only work for Windows 3.1
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fonts. It will not work for TrueType fonts.
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</para>
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<para>
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What to do with TrueType fonts? There are several commercial
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font tools that can convert them to the Type1 format but the
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quality of the resulting fonts is far from stellar. The
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other way to use them is to get a font server capable of
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rendering TrueType (Caldera has one, there also is the free
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<command>xfstt</command> in
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<filename>Linux/X11/fonts</filename> on sunsite and mirrors,
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if you're on FreeBSD you can use the port in
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<filename>/usr/ports/x11-servers/Xfstt</filename>. And
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there is <command>xfsft</command> which uses the freetype
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library, see <filename>documentation/ttfserver</filename>).
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</para>
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<para>
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However, there is a possibility of the native TrueType
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support via FreeType renderer in the future (hint, hint :-)
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>How To Add Font Aliases To <filename>~/.wine/config</filename></title>
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<para>
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Many Windows applications assume that fonts included in
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original Windows 3.1 distribution are always present. By
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default Wine creates a number of aliases that map them on
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the existing X fonts:
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</para>
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<informaltable>
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<tgroup cols="3">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Windows font</entry>
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<entry>...is mapped to...</entry>
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<entry>X font</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>"MS Sans Serif"</entry>
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<entry align="center">-></entry>
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<entry>"-adobe-helvetica-"</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>"MS Serif"</entry>
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<entry align="center">-></entry>
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<entry>"-bitstream-charter-"</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>"Times New Roman"</entry>
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<entry align="center">-></entry>
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<entry>"-adobe-times-"</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>"Arial"</entry>
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<entry align="center">-></entry>
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<entry>"-adobe-helvetica-"</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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<para>
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There is no default alias for the "System" font. Also, no
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aliases are created for the fonts that applications install
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at runtime. The recommended way to deal with this problem
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is to convert the missing font (see above). If it proves
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impossible, like in the case with TrueType fonts, you can
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force the font mapper to choose a closely related X font by
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adding an alias to the [fonts] section. Make sure that the
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X font actually exists (with <command>xfontsel</command>
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tool).
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</para>
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<screen>
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AliasN = [Windows font], [X font] <, optional "mask X font" flag>
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</screen>
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<para>
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Example:
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</para>
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<screen>
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Alias0 = System, --international-, subst
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Alias1 = ...
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...
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</screen>
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<para>
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Comments:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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There must be no gaps in the sequence <literal>{0, ...,
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N}</literal> otherwise all aliases after the first gap
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won't be read.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Usually font mapper translates X font names into font
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names visible to Windows programs in the following
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fashion:
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</para>
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<informaltable>
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<tgroup cols="3">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>X font</entry>
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<entry>...will show up as...</entry>
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<entry>Extracted name</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>--international-...</entry>
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<entry align="center">-></entry>
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<entry>"International"</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>-adobe-helvetica-...</entry>
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<entry align="center">-></entry>
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<entry>"Helvetica"</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>-adobe-utopia-...</entry>
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<entry align="center">-></entry>
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<entry>"Utopia"</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>-misc-fixed-...</entry>
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<entry align="center">-></entry>
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<entry>"Fixed"</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>-...</entry>
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<entry align="center">-></entry>
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<entry></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>-sony-fixed-...</entry>
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<entry align="center">-></entry>
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<entry>"Sony Fixed"</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>-...</entry>
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<entry align="center">-></entry>
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<entry></entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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<para>
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Note that since <literal>-misc-fixed-</literal> and
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<literal>-sony-fixed-</literal> are different fonts Wine
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modified the second extracted name to make sure Windows
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programs can distinguish them because only extracted
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names appear in the font selection dialogs.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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"Masking" alias replaces the original extracted name so
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that in the example case we will have the following
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mapping:
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</para>
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<informaltable>
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<tgroup cols="3">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>X font</entry>
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<entry>...is masked to...</entry>
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<entry>Extracted name</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>--international-...</entry>
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<entry align="center">-></entry>
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<entry>"System"</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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<para>
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"Nonmasking" aliases are transparent to the user and
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they do not replace extracted names.
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</para>
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<para>
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Wine discards an alias when it sees that the native X
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font is available.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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If you do not have access to Windows fonts mentioned in
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the first paragraph you should try to substitute the
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"System" font with nonmasking alias. The
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<command>xfontsel</command> application will show you
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the fonts available to X.
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</para>
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<screen>
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Alias.. = System, ...bold font without serifs
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</screen>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>
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Also, some Windows applications request fonts without
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specifying the typeface name of the font. Font table starts
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with Arial in most Windows installations, however X font
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table starts with whatever is the first line in the
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<filename>fonts.dir</filename>. Therefore WINE uses the
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following entry to determine which font to check first.
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</para>
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<para>
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Example:
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</para>
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<screen>
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Default = -adobe-times-
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</screen>
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<para>
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Comments:
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</para>
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<para>
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It is better to have a scalable font family (bolds and
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italics included) as the default choice because mapper
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checks all available fonts until requested height and other
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attributes match perfectly or the end of the font table is
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reached. Typical X installations have scalable fonts in the
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<filename>../fonts/Type1</filename> and
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<filename>../fonts/Speedo</filename> directories.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>How To Manage Cached Font Metrics</title>
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<para>
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WINE stores detailed information about available fonts in
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the <filename>~/.wine/.cachedmetrics</filename> file. You
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can copy it elsewhere and add this entry to the [fonts]
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section in your <filename>~/.wine/config</filename>:
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</para>
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<screen>
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FontMetrics = <file with metrics>
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</screen>
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<para>
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If WINE detects changes in the X font configuration it will
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rebuild font metrics from scratch and then it will overwrite
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<filename>~/.wine/.cachedmetrics</filename> with the new
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information. This process can take a while.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Too Small Or Too Large Fonts</title>
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<para>
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Windows programs may ask WINE to render a font with the
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height specified in points. However, point-to-pixel ratio
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depends on the real physical size of your display (15",
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17", etc...). X tries to provide an estimate of that but it
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can be quite different from the actual size. You can change
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this ratio by adding the following entry to the [fonts]
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section:
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</para>
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<screen>
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Resolution = <integer value>
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</screen>
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<para>
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In general, higher numbers give you larger fonts. Try to
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experiment with values in the 60 - 120 range. 96 is a good
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starting point.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>"FONT_Init: failed to load ..." Messages On Startup</title>
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<para>
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The most likely cause is a broken
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<filename>fonts.dir</filename> file in one of your font
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directories. You need to rerun <command>mkfontdir</command>
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to rebuild this file. Read its manpage for more information.
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If you can't run <command>mkfontdir</command> on this
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machine as you are not root, use <command>xset -fp
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xxx</command> to remove the broken font path.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="ttfont-server">
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<title>Setting up a TrueType Font Server</title>
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<para>
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written by ???
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</para>
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<para>
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(Extracted from <filename>wine/documentation/ttfserver</filename>)
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</para>
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<para>
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Follow these instructions to set up a TrueType font server on your system.
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</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Get <filename>freetype-1.0.full.tar.gz</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Read docs, unpack, configure and install</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Test the library, e.g. <command>ftview 20 /dosc/win95/fonts/times</command></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Get <filename>xfsft-beta1e.linux-i586</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Install it and start it when booting, e.g. in an
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rc-script. The manpage for <command>xfs</command>
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applies.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Follow the hints given by <email>williamc@dai.ed.ac.uk</email></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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I got <command>xfsft</command> from
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<ulink url="http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/progindex.html">http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/progindex.html</ulink>.
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I have it running all the time. Here is
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<filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fs/config</filename>:
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</para>
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<programlisting>
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clone-self = on
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use-syslog = off
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catalogue = /c/windows/fonts
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error-file = /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fs/fs-errors
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default-point-size = 120
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default-resolutions = 75,75,100,100
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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Obviously <filename>/c/windows/fonts</filename> is where
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my Windows fonts on my Win95 <medialabel>C:</medialabel>
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drive live; could be e.g.
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<filename>/mnt/dosC/windows/system</filename> for Win31.
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In <filename>/c/windows/fonts/fonts.scale</filename> I
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have
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</para>
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<programlisting>
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14
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arial.ttf -monotype-arial-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
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arialbd.ttf -monotype-arial-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
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arialbi.ttf -monotype-arial-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
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ariali.ttf -monotype-arial-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
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cour.ttf -monotype-courier-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
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courbd.ttf -monotype-courier-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
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courbi.ttf -monotype-courier-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
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couri.ttf -monotype-courier-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
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times.ttf -monotype-times-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
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timesbd.ttf -monotype-times-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
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timesbi.ttf -monotype-times-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
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timesi.ttf -monotype-times-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
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symbol.ttf -monotype-symbol-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-symbol
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wingding.ttf -microsoft-wingdings-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-symbol
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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In <filename>/c/windows/fonts/fonts.dir</filename> I have
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exactly the same.
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</para>
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<para>
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In <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XF86Config</filename> I have
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</para>
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<programlisting>
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FontPath "tcp/localhost:7100"
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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in front of the other <literal>FontPath</literal> lines.
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That's it! As an interesting by-product of course, all
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those web pages which specify Arial come up in Arial in
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Netscape ...
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Shut down X and restart (and debug errors you did while
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setting up everything).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Test with e.g <command>xlsfont | grep arial</command></para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>
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Hope this helps...
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</para>
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</sect1>
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</chapter>
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