761 lines
25 KiB
Plaintext
761 lines
25 KiB
Plaintext
<chapter id="packaging">
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<title>Packaging Wine</title>
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<sect1 id="distributing">
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<title>A Small WINE Distribution Guide</title>
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<para>
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written by Marcus Meissner <Marcus.Meissner@caldera.de>
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</para>
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<para>
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(Extracted from <filename>wine/documentation/distributors</filename>)
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</para>
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<para>
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While packaging WINE for one of the Linux distributions I came
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across several points which have not been clarified yet.
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Particularly a how-to for WINE packaging distributors is
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missing. This document tries to give a brief overview over the
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rationales I thought up and how I tried to implement it.
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(While the examples use <command>rpm</command> most of this
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stuff can be applied to other packagers too.)
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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YOU SHOULD RECHECK THIS FILE EVERY TWO MONTHS OR SO
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(<command>diff -uN</command> comes to my mind here...).
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We'll be adding stuff constantly here in order to improve
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the Wine environment !
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</para>
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</note>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Rationales</para>
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<para>
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A WINE install should:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Not have a world writeable directory (-tree).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Require only as much user input as needed. It would be
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very good if it would not require any at all. Just let
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the system administrator do <command>rpm -i
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wine.rpm</command> and let any user be able to run
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<command>wine sol.exe</command> instantly.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Give the user as much flexibility as possible to
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install his own applications, do his own configuring
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etc.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Come as preconfigured as possible, so the user does
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not need to change any configuration files.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Use only as much diskspace as needed per user.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>
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A WINE install needs:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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A writeable <filename>C:\</filename> directory
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structure on a per user basis. Applications do dump
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<filename>.ini</filename> files into
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<filename>c:\windows</filename>, installers dump
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<filename>.exe</filename>, <filename>.dll</filename>
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and more into <filename>c:\windows\</filename> and
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subdirectories or into <filename>C:\Program
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Files\</filename>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The <filename>.exe</filename> and
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<filename>.dll</filename> from a global read-only
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Windows installation to be found by applications.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Some special <filename>.dll</filename> and
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<filename>.exe</filename> files in the
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<filename>windows\system</filename> directory, since
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applications directly check for their presence.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Some special program environment.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Implementation</para>
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<orderedlist inheritnum="inherit">
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<listitem>
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<para>Building the package</para>
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<para>
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WINE is configured the usual way (depending on your
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build environment). The "prefix" is chosen using your
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application placement policy
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(<filename>/usr/</filename>,
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<filename>/usr/X11R6/</filename>,
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<filename>/opt/wine/</filename> or similar). The
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configuration files (<filename>wine.conf</filename>,
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<filename>wine.userreg</filename>,
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<filename>wine.systemreg</filename>) are targeted for
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<filename>/etc/wine/</filename> (rationale: FHS 2.0,
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multiple readonly configuration files of a package).
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</para>
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<para>
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Example (split this into <literal>%build</literal> and
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<literal>%install</literal> section for
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<command>rpm</command>):
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</para>
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<screen>
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CFLAGS=$RPM_OPT_FLAGS \
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./configure --prefix=/usr/X11R6 --sysconfdir=/etc/wine/ --enable-dll
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make
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BR=$RPM_BUILD_ROOT
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make install prefix=$BR/usr/X11R6/ sysconfdir=$BR/etc/wine/
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install -d $BR/etc/wine/
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install -m 644 wine.ini $BR/etc/wine/wine.conf
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# Put all our dlls in a seperate directory. (this works only if
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# you have a buildroot)
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install -d $BR/usr/X11R6/lib/wine
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mv $BR/usr/X11R6/lib/lib* $BR/usr/X11R6/lib/wine/
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# the clipboard server is started on demand.
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install -m 755 windows/x11drv/wineclipsrv $BR/usr/X11R6/bin/
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# The WINE server is needed.
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install -m 755 server/wineserver $BR/usr/X11R6/bin/
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</screen>
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<para>
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Here we unfortunately do need to create
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<filename>wineuser.reg</filename> and
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<filename>winesystem.reg</filename> from the WINE
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distributed <filename>winedefault.reg</filename>. This
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can be done using <command>./regapi</command> once for
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one example user and then reusing his
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<filename>.wine/user.reg</filename> and
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<filename>.wine/system.reg</filename> files.
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<note>
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<title>FIXME</title>
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<para>this needs to be done better</para>
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</note>
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</para>
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<screen>
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install -m 644 wine.sytemreg $BR/etc/wine/
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install -m 644 wine.userreg $BR/etc/wine/
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</screen>
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<para>
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There are now a lot of libraries generated by the
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build process, so a seperate library directory should
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be used.
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</para>
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<screen>
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install -d 755 $BR/usr/X11R6/lib/
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mv $BR/
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</screen>
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<para>
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You will need to package the files:
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</para>
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<screen>
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$prefix/bin/wine, $prefix/bin/dosmod, $prefix/lib/wine/*
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$prefix/man/man1/wine.1, $prefix/include/wine/*,
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$prefix/bin/wineserver, $prefix/bin/wineclipsrv
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%config /etc/wine/*
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%doc ... choose from the toplevel directory and documentation/
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</screen>
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<para>
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The post-install script:
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</para>
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<screen>
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if ! grep -q /usr/X11R6/lib/wine /etc/ld.so.conf; then
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echo "/usr/X11R6/lib/wine" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
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fi
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/sbin/ldconfig
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</screen>
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<para>
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The post-uninstall script:
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</para>
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<screen>
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if [ "$1" = 0 ]; then
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perl -ni -e 'print unless m:/usr/X11R6/lib/wine:;' /etc/ld.so.conf
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fi
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/sbin/ldconfig
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</screen>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Creating a good default configuration file</para>
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<para>
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For the rationales of needing as less input from the
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user as possible arises the need for a very good
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configuration file. The one supplied with WINE is
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currently lacking. We need:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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[Drive X]:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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A for the floppy. Specify your distributions
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default floppy mountpoint here.
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</para>
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<programlisting>
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Path=/auto/floppy
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</programlisting>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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C for the <filename>C:\</filename> directory.
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Here we use the users homedirectory, for most
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applications do see <filename>C:\</filename>
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as root-writeable directory of every windows
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installation and this basically is it in the
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UNIX-user context.
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</para>
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<programlisting>
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Path=${HOME}
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</programlisting>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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R for the CD-Rom drive. Specify your
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distributions default CD-ROM drives mountpoint
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here.
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</para>
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<programlisting>
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Path=/auto/cdrom
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</programlisting>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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T for temporary storage. We do use
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<filename>/tmp/</filename> (rationale: between
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process temporary data belongs to
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<filename>/tmp/</filename>, FHS 2.0)
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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W for the original Windows installation. This
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drive points to the
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<filename>windows\</filename> subdirectory of
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the original windows installation. This avoids
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problems with renamed
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<filename>windows</filename> directories (as
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for instance <filename>lose95</filename>,
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<filename>win</filename> or
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<filename>sys\win95</filename>). During
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compile/package/install we leave this to be
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<filename>/</filename>, it has to be
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configured after the package install.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Z for the UNIX Root directory. This avoids any
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problems with "could not find drive for
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current directory" users occasionaly complain
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about in the newsgroup and the ircchannel. It
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also makes the whole directory structure
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browseable. The type of Z should be network,
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so applications expect it to be readonly.
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</para>
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<programlisting>
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Path=/
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</programlisting>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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[wine]:
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</para>
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<screen>
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Windows=c:\windows\ (the windows/ subdirectory in the users
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homedirectory)
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System=c:\windows\system\ (the windows/system subdirectory in the users
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homedirectory)
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Path=c:\windows;c:\windows\system;c:\windows\system32;w:\;w:\system;w:\system32;
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; Using this trick we have in fact two windows installations in one, we
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; get the stuff from the readonly installation and can write to our own.
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Temp=t:\ (the TEMP directory)
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</screen>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>[Tweak.Layout]</para>
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<screen>
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WineLook=win95 (just the coolest look ;)
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</screen>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Possibly modify the [spooler], [serialports] and
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[parallelports] sections.
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</para>
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<note>
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<title>FIXME</title>
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<para>possibly more, including printer stuff.</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Add this prepared configuration file to the package.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Installing WINE for the system administrator</para>
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<para>
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Install the package using the usual packager
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<command>rpm -i wine.rpm</command>. You may edit
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<filename>/etc/wine/wine.conf</filename>, [Drive W],
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to point to a possible windows installation right
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after the install. That's it.
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</para>
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<para>
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Note that on Linux you should somehow try to add the
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<option>unhide</option> mount option (see <command>man
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mount</command>) to the CD-ROM entry in
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<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> during package
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install, as several stupid Windows programs mark some
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setup (!) files as hidden (ISO9660) on CD-ROMs, which
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will greatly confuse users as they won't find their
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setup files on the CD-ROMs as they were used on
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Windows systems when <option>unhide</option> is not
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set ;-\ And of course the setup program will complain
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that <filename>setup.ins</filename> or some other mess
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is missing... If you choose to do so, then please make
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this change verbose to the admin.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Installing WINE for the user</para>
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<para>
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The user will need to run a setup script before the
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first invocation of WINE. This script should:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Copy <filename>/etc/wine/wine.conf</filename> for
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user modification.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Allow specification of the original windows
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installation to use (which modifies the copied
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<filename>wine.conf</filename> file).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Create the windows directory structure
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(<filename>c:\windows</filename>,
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<filename>c:\windows\system</filename>,
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<filename>c:\windows\Start Menu\Programs</filename>,
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<filename>c:\Program Files</filename>,
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<filename>c:\Desktop</filename>, etc.)
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Symlink all <filename>.dll</filename> and
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<filename>.exe</filename> files from the original
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windows installation to the
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<filename>windows</filename> directory. Why? Some
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programs reference "%windowsdir%/file.dll" or
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"%systemdir%/file.dll" directly and fail if they
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are not present.
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</para>
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<para>
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This will give a huge number of symlinks, yes.
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However, if an installer later overwrites on of
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those files, it will overwrite the symlink (so
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that the file now lies in the
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<filename>windows/</filename> subdirectory).
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</para>
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<note>
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<title>FIXME</title>
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<para>Not sure this is needed for all files.</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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On later invocation the script might want to
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compare regular files in the users windows
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directories and in the global windows directories
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and replace same files by symlinks (to avoid
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diskspace problems).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>Done.</para>
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<para>
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This procedure requires:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Much thought and work from the packager (1x)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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No work for the sysadmin. Well except one <command>rpm
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-i</command> and possible one edit of the configuration
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file.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Some or no work from the user, except running the per-user
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setup script once.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>It scales well and suffices most of the rationales.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<bridgehead>Sample <filename>wine.ini</filename> for OpenLinux 2.x:</bridgehead>
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<programlisting>
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;;
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;; MS-DOS drives configuration
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;;
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;; Each section has the following format:
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;; [Drive X]
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;; Path=xxx (Unix path for drive root)
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;; Type=xxx (supported types are 'floppy', 'hd', 'cdrom' and 'network')
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;; Label=xxx (drive label, at most 11 characters)
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;; Serial=xxx (serial number, 8 characters hexadecimal number)
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;; Filesystem=xxx (supported types are 'msdos'/'dos'/'fat', 'win95'/'vfat', 'unix')
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;; This is the FS Wine is supposed to emulate on a certain
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;; directory structure.
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;; Recommended:
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;; - "win95" for ext2fs, VFAT and FAT32
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;; - "msdos" for FAT16 (ugly, upgrading to VFAT driver strongly recommended)
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;; DON'T use "unix" unless you intend to port programs using Winelib !
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;; Device=/dev/xx (only if you want to allow raw device access)
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;;
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;
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;
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; Floppy 'A' and 'B'
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;
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; OpenLinux uses an automounter under /auto/, so we use that too.
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;
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[Drive A]
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Path=/auto/floppy/
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Type=floppy
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Label=Floppy
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Serial=87654321
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Device=/dev/fd0
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Filesystem=win95
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;
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; Comment in ONLY if you have a second floppy or the automounter hangs
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; for 5 minutes.
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;
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;[Drive B]
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;Path=/auto/floppy2/
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;Type=floppy
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;Label=Floppy
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;Serial=87654321
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;Device=/dev/fd1
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;Filesystem=win95
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;
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; Drive 'C' links to the users homedirectory.
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;
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; This must point to a writeable directory structure (not your readonly
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; mounted DOS partitions!) since programs want to dump stuff into
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; "Program Files/" "Programme/", "windows/", "windows/system/" etc.
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;
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; The basic structure is set up using the config script.
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;
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[Drive C]
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Path=${HOME}
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Type=hd
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Label=MS-DOS
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Filesystem=win95
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;
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; /tmp/ directory
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;
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; The temp drive (and directory) points to /tmp/. Windows programs fill it
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; with junk, so it is approbiate.
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;
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[Drive T]
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Path=/tmp
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Type=hd
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Label=Tmp Drive
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Filesystem=win95
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;
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; 'U'ser homedirectory
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;
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; Just in case you want C:\ elsewhere.
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;
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[Drive U]
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Path=${HOME}
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Type=hd
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Label=Home
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Filesystem=win95
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;
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; CD-'R'OM drive (automounted)
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;
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; The default cdrom drive.
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;
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; If an application (or game) wants a specific CD-ROM you might have to
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|
; temporary change the Label to the one of the CD itself.
|
|
;
|
|
; How to read them is described in /usr/doc/wine-cvs-xxxxx/cdrom-labels.
|
|
;
|
|
[Drive R]
|
|
Path=/auto/cdrom
|
|
Type=cdrom
|
|
Label=CD-Rom
|
|
Filesystem=win95
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
; The drive where the old windows installation resides (it points to the
|
|
; windows/ subdirectory).
|
|
;
|
|
; The Path is modified by the winesetup script.
|
|
;
|
|
[Drive W]
|
|
Path=/
|
|
Type=network
|
|
Label=Windows
|
|
Filesystem=win95
|
|
;
|
|
; The UNIX Root directory, so all other programs and directories are reachable.
|
|
;
|
|
; type network is used to tell programs to not write here.
|
|
;
|
|
[Drive Z]
|
|
Path=/
|
|
Type=network
|
|
Label=ROOT
|
|
Filesystem=win95
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
; Standard Windows path entries. WINE will not work if they are incorrect.
|
|
;
|
|
[wine]
|
|
;
|
|
; The windows/ directory. It must be writeable, for programs write into it.
|
|
;
|
|
Windows=c:\windows
|
|
;
|
|
; The windows/system/ directory. It must be writeable, for especially setup
|
|
; programs install dlls in there.
|
|
;
|
|
System=c:\windows\system
|
|
;
|
|
; The temp directory. Should be cleaned regulary, since install programs leave
|
|
; junk without end in there.
|
|
;
|
|
Temp=t:\
|
|
;
|
|
; The dll search path. It should contain at least:
|
|
; - the windows and the windows/system directory of the user.
|
|
; - the global windows and windows/system directory (from a possible readonly
|
|
; windows installation either on msdos filesystems or somewhere in the UNIX
|
|
; directory tree)
|
|
; - any other windows style directories you want to add.
|
|
;
|
|
Path=c:\windows;c:\windows\system;c:\windows\system32;t:\;w:\;w:\system;w:\system32
|
|
;
|
|
; Outdated and no longer used. (but needs to be present).
|
|
;
|
|
SymbolTableFile=./wine.sym
|
|
|
|
# <wineconf>
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
; Dll loadorder defaults. No need to modify.
|
|
;
|
|
[DllDefaults]
|
|
EXTRA_LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${HOME}/wine/cvs/lib
|
|
DefaultLoadOrder = native, elfdll, so, builtin
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
; What 32/16 dlls belong to each other (context wise). No need to modify.
|
|
;
|
|
[DllPairs]
|
|
kernel = kernel32
|
|
gdi = gdi32
|
|
user = user32
|
|
commdlg = comdlg32
|
|
commctrl= comctl32
|
|
ver = version
|
|
shell = shell32
|
|
lzexpand= lz32
|
|
mmsystem= winmm
|
|
msvideo = msvfw32
|
|
winsock = wsock32
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
; What type of dll to use in their respective loadorder.
|
|
;
|
|
[DllOverrides]
|
|
kernel32, gdi32, user32 = builtin
|
|
kernel, gdi, user = builtin
|
|
toolhelp = builtin
|
|
comdlg32, commdlg = elfdll, builtin, native
|
|
version, ver = elfdll, builtin, native
|
|
shell32, shell = builtin, native
|
|
lz32, lzexpand = builtin, native
|
|
commctrl, comctl32 = builtin, native
|
|
wsock32, winsock = builtin
|
|
advapi32, crtdll, ntdll = builtin, native
|
|
mpr, winspool = builtin, native
|
|
ddraw, dinput, dsound = builtin, native
|
|
winmm, mmsystem = builtin
|
|
msvideo, msvfw32 = builtin, native
|
|
mcicda.drv, mciseq.drv = builtin, native
|
|
mciwave.drv = builtin, native
|
|
mciavi.drv, mcianim.drv = native, builtin
|
|
w32skrnl = builtin
|
|
wnaspi32, wow32 = builtin
|
|
system, display, wprocs = builtin
|
|
wineps = builtin
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
; Options section. Does not need to be edited.
|
|
;
|
|
[options]
|
|
; allocate how much system colors on startup. No need to modify.
|
|
AllocSystemColors=100
|
|
|
|
;;
|
|
; Font specification. You usually do not need to edit this section.
|
|
;
|
|
; Read documentation/fonts before adding aliases
|
|
;
|
|
[fonts]
|
|
; The resolution defines what fonts to use (usually either 75 or 100 dpi fonts,
|
|
; or nearest match).
|
|
Resolution = 96
|
|
; Default font
|
|
Default = -adobe-times-
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
; serial ports used by "COM1" "COM2" "COM3" "COM4". Useful for applications
|
|
; that try to access serial ports.
|
|
;
|
|
[serialports]
|
|
Com1=/dev/ttyS0
|
|
Com2=/dev/ttyS1
|
|
Com3=/dev/modem,38400
|
|
Com4=/dev/modem
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
; parallel port(s) used by "LPT1" etc. Useful for applications that try to
|
|
; access these ports.
|
|
;
|
|
[parallelports]
|
|
Lpt1=/dev/lp0
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
; What spooling program to use on printing.
|
|
; Use "|program" or "filename", where the output will be dumped into.
|
|
;
|
|
[spooler]
|
|
LPT1:=|lpr
|
|
LPT2:=|gs -sDEVICE=bj200 -sOutputFile=/tmp/fred -q -
|
|
LPT3:=/dev/lp3
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
; Allow port access to WINE started by the root user. Useful for some
|
|
; supported devices, but it can make the system unstable.
|
|
; Read /usr/doc/wine-cvs-xxxxx/ioport-trace-hints.
|
|
;
|
|
[ports]
|
|
;read=0x779,0x379,0x280-0x2a0
|
|
;write=0x779,0x379,0x280-0x2a0
|
|
|
|
; debugging, not need to be modified.
|
|
[spy]
|
|
Exclude=WM_SIZE;WM_TIMER;
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
; What names for the registry datafiles, no need to modify.
|
|
;
|
|
[Registry]
|
|
; Paths must be given in /dir/dir/file.reg format.
|
|
; Wine will not understand dos file names here...
|
|
;UserFileName=xxx ; alternate registry file name (user.reg)
|
|
;LocalMachineFileName=xxx ; (system.reg)
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
; Layout/Look modifications. Here you can switch with a single line between
|
|
; windows 3.1 and windows 95 style.
|
|
; This does not change WINE behaviour or reported versions, just the look!
|
|
;
|
|
[Tweak.Layout]
|
|
;; WineLook=xxx (supported styles are 'Win31'(default), 'Win95', 'Win98')
|
|
WineLook=Win95
|
|
|
|
;
|
|
; What programs to start on WINE startup. (you should probably leave it empty)
|
|
;
|
|
[programs]
|
|
Default=
|
|
Startup=
|
|
|
|
; defunct section.
|
|
[Console]
|
|
;XtermProg=nxterm
|
|
;InitialRows=25
|
|
;InitialColumns=80
|
|
;TerminalType=nxterm
|
|
|
|
# </wineconf>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
|
|
Local variables:
|
|
mode: sgml
|
|
sgml-parent-document:("wine-doc.sgml" "book" "part" "chapter" "")
|
|
End:
|
|
-->
|