388 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
388 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
This document should help new developers get started. Like all of Wine, it
|
|
is a work in progress.
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOURCE TREE STRUCTURE
|
|
=====================
|
|
|
|
The Wine source tree is loosely based on the original Windows modules.
|
|
Most of the source is concerned with implementing the Wine API, although
|
|
there are also various tools, documentation, sample Winelib code, and
|
|
code specific to the binary loader.
|
|
|
|
Wine API directories:
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
KERNEL:
|
|
|
|
files/ - file I/O
|
|
loader/ - Win16-, Win32-binary loader
|
|
memory/ - memory management
|
|
msdos/ - DOS features and BIOS calls (interrupts)
|
|
scheduler/ - process and thread management
|
|
|
|
GDI:
|
|
|
|
graphics/ - graphics drivers
|
|
x11drv/ - X11 display driver
|
|
win16drv/ -> see below
|
|
ttydrv/ - tty display driver
|
|
psdrv/ - PostScript graphics driver
|
|
metafiledrv/ - metafile drivr
|
|
enhmetafiledrv/ - enhanced metafile driver
|
|
objects/ - logical objects
|
|
|
|
USER:
|
|
|
|
controls/ - built-in widgets
|
|
resources/ - built-in menu and message box resources
|
|
windows/ - window management
|
|
|
|
Other DLLs:
|
|
|
|
dlls/ - Other system DLLs implemented by Wine
|
|
advapi32/ - crypto, systeminfo, security, eventlogging
|
|
avifil32/ - COM object to play AVI files
|
|
comctl32/ - common controls
|
|
commdlg/ - common dialog boxes (both 16 & 32 bit)
|
|
imagehlp/ - PE (Portable Executable) Image Helper lib
|
|
msacm/ - audio compression manager (multimedia)
|
|
msacm32/ - audio compression manager (multimedia)
|
|
ntdll/ - NT implementation of kernel calls
|
|
psapi/ - process status API
|
|
rasapi32/ - remote access server API
|
|
shell32/ - COM object implementing shell views
|
|
tapi32/ - telephone API
|
|
ver/ - File Installation Library (16 bit)
|
|
version/ - File Installation Library (32 bit)
|
|
winaspi/ -
|
|
winspool/ - Printing & Print Spooler
|
|
wnaspi32/ -
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous:
|
|
|
|
misc/ - shell, registry, winsock, etc.
|
|
multimedia/ - multimedia driver
|
|
ipc/ - SysV IPC based interprocess communication
|
|
win32/ - misc Win32 functions
|
|
ole/ - OLE code
|
|
nls/ - National Language Support
|
|
configuration files
|
|
|
|
Tools:
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
rc/ - old resource compiler
|
|
tools/ - relay code builder, new rc, bugreport
|
|
generator, wineconfigurator, etc.
|
|
documentation/ - some documentation
|
|
|
|
|
|
Binary loader specific directories:
|
|
-----------------------------------
|
|
|
|
debugger/ - built-in debugger
|
|
if1632/ - relay code
|
|
miscemu/ - hardware instruction emulation
|
|
graphics/win16drv/ - Win16 printer driver
|
|
server/ - the main, controlling thread of wine
|
|
tsx11/ - thread-safe X11 wrappers (auto generated)
|
|
|
|
Winelib specific directories:
|
|
-----------------------------
|
|
|
|
library/ - Required code for programs using Winelib
|
|
libtest/ - Small samples and tests
|
|
programs/ - Extended samples / system utilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
IMPLEMENTING NEW API CALLS
|
|
==========================
|
|
|
|
This is the simple version, and covers only Win32. Win16 is slightly uglier,
|
|
because of the Pascal heritage and the segmented memory model.
|
|
|
|
All of the Win32 APIs known to Wine are listed in [relay32/*.spec]. An
|
|
unimplemented call will look like (from gdi32.spec)
|
|
269 stub PolyBezierTo
|
|
To implement this call, you need to do the following four things.
|
|
|
|
1. Find the appropriate parameters for the call, and add a prototype to
|
|
the correct header file. In this case, that means [include/wingdi.h],
|
|
and it might look like
|
|
BOOL WINAPI PolyBezierTo(HDC, LPCVOID, DWORD);
|
|
If the function has both an ASCII and a Unicode version, you need to
|
|
define both and add a #define WINELIB_NAME_AW declaration. See below
|
|
for discussion of function naming conventions.
|
|
|
|
2. Modify the .spec file to tell Wine that the function has an
|
|
implementation, what the parameters look like and what Wine function
|
|
to use for the implementation. In Win32, things are simple--everything
|
|
is 32-bits. However, the relay code handles pointers and pointers to
|
|
strings slightly differently, so you should use 'str' and 'wstr' for
|
|
strings, 'ptr' for other pointer types, and 'long' for everything else.
|
|
269 stdcall PolyBezierTo(long ptr long) PolyBezierTo
|
|
The 'PolyBezierTo' at the end of the line is which Wine function to use
|
|
for the implementation.
|
|
|
|
3. Implement the function as a stub. Once you add the function to the .spec
|
|
file, you must add the function to the Wine source before it will link.
|
|
Add a function called 'PolyBezierTo' somewhere. Good things to put
|
|
into a stub:
|
|
o a correct prototype, including the WINAPI
|
|
o header comments, including full documentation for the function and
|
|
arguments (see documentation/README.documentation)
|
|
o A FIXME message and an appropriate return value are good things to
|
|
put in a stub.
|
|
|
|
/************************************************************
|
|
* PolyBezierTo (GDI32.269)
|
|
*
|
|
* Draw many Bezier curves
|
|
*
|
|
* RETURNS
|
|
* nonzero on success or zero on faillure
|
|
*
|
|
* BUGS
|
|
* Unimplemented
|
|
*/
|
|
BOOL WINAPI PolyBezierTo(HDC hdc, /* handle to device context */
|
|
LPCVOID p, /* ptr to array of Point structs */
|
|
DWORD count /* nr of points in array */
|
|
)
|
|
{
|
|
/* tell the user they've got a substandard implementation */
|
|
FIXME(gdi, ":(%x,%p,%d): stub\n", hdc, p, count);
|
|
|
|
/* some programs may be able to compensate,
|
|
* if they know what happened
|
|
*/
|
|
SetLastError(ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED);
|
|
return FALSE; /* error value */
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
4. Implement and test the rest of the function.
|
|
|
|
|
|
MEMORY AND SEGMENTS
|
|
===================
|
|
|
|
NE (Win16) executables consist of multiple segments. The Wine loader
|
|
loads each segment into a unique location in the Wine processes memory
|
|
and assigns a selector to that segment. Because of this, it's not
|
|
possible to exchange addresses freely between 16-bit and 32-bit code.
|
|
Addresses used by 16-bit code are segmented addresses (16:16), formed
|
|
by a 16-bit selector and a 16-bit offset. Those used by the Wine code
|
|
are regular 32-bit linear addresses.
|
|
|
|
There are four ways to obtain a segmented pointer:
|
|
- Use the SEGPTR_* macros in include/heap.h (recommended).
|
|
- Allocate a block of memory from the global heap and use
|
|
WIN16_GlobalLock to get its segmented address.
|
|
- Allocate a block of memory from a local heap, and build the
|
|
segmented address from the local heap selector (see the
|
|
USER_HEAP_* macros for an example of this).
|
|
- Declare the argument as 'segptr' instead of 'ptr' in the spec file
|
|
for a given API function.
|
|
|
|
Once you have a segmented pointer, it must be converted to a linear
|
|
pointer before you can use it from 32-bit code. This can be done with
|
|
the PTR_SEG_TO_LIN() and PTR_SEG_OFF_TO_LIN() macros. The linear
|
|
pointer can then be used freely with standard Unix functions like
|
|
memcpy() etc. without worrying about 64k boundaries. Note: there's no
|
|
easy way to convert back from a linear to a segmented address.
|
|
|
|
In most cases, you don't need to worry about segmented address, as the
|
|
conversion is made automatically by the callback code and the API
|
|
functions only see linear addresses. However, in some cases it is
|
|
necessary to manipulate segmented addresses; the most frequent cases
|
|
are:
|
|
- API functions that return a pointer
|
|
- lParam of Windows messages that point to a structure
|
|
- Pointers contained inside structures accessed by 16-bit code.
|
|
|
|
It is usually a good practice to used the type 'SEGPTR' for segmented
|
|
pointers, instead of something like 'LPSTR' or 'char *'. As SEGPTR is
|
|
defined as a DWORD, you'll get a compilation warning if you mistakenly
|
|
use it as a regular 32-bit pointer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
STRUCTURE PACKING
|
|
=================
|
|
|
|
Under Windows, data structures are tightly packed, i.e. there is no
|
|
padding between structure members. On the other hand, by default gcc
|
|
aligns structure members (e.g. WORDs are on a WORD boundary, etc.).
|
|
This means that a structure like
|
|
|
|
struct { BYTE x; WORD y; };
|
|
|
|
will take 3 bytes under Windows, but 4 with gcc, because gcc will add a
|
|
dummy byte between x and y. To have the correct layout for structures
|
|
used by Windows code, you need to embed the struct within two special
|
|
#include's which will take care of the packing for you:
|
|
|
|
#include "pshpack1.h"
|
|
struct {BYTE x; WORD y; };
|
|
#include "poppack1.h"
|
|
|
|
For alignment on a 2-byte boundary, there is a "pshpack2.h", etc.
|
|
|
|
The use of the WINE_PACKED attribute is obsolete. Please remove these
|
|
in favour of the above solution.
|
|
Using WINE_PACKED, you would declare the above structure like this:
|
|
|
|
struct { BYTE x; WORD y WINE_PACKED; };
|
|
|
|
You had to do this every time a structure member is not aligned
|
|
correctly under Windows (i.e. a WORD not on an even address, or a
|
|
DWORD on a address that was not a multiple of 4).
|
|
|
|
|
|
NAMING CONVENTIONS FOR API FUNCTIONS AND TYPES
|
|
==============================================
|
|
|
|
In order to support both Win16 and Win32 APIs within the same source
|
|
code, the following convention must be used in naming all API
|
|
functions and types. If the Windows API uses the name 'xxx', the Wine
|
|
code must use:
|
|
|
|
- 'xxx16' for the Win16 version,
|
|
- 'xxx' for the Win32 version when no ASCII/Unicode strings are
|
|
involved,
|
|
- 'xxxA' for the Win32 version with ASCII strings,
|
|
- 'xxxW' for the Win32 version with Unicode strings.
|
|
|
|
If the function has both ASCII and Unicode version, you should then
|
|
use the macros WINELIB_NAME_AW(xxx) or DECL_WINELIB_TYPE_AW(xxx)
|
|
(defined in include/windef.h) to define the correct 'xxx' function
|
|
or type for Winelib. When compiling Wine itself, 'xxx' is _not_
|
|
defined, meaning that code inside of Wine must always specify
|
|
explicitly the ASCII or Unicode version.
|
|
|
|
If 'xxx' is the same in Win16 and Win32, you can simply use the same
|
|
name as Windows, i.e. just 'xxx'. If 'xxx' is Win16 only, you could
|
|
use the name as is, but it's preferable to use 'xxx16' to make it
|
|
clear it is a Win16 function.
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
typedef struct { /* Win32 ASCII data structure */ } WNDCLASSA;
|
|
typedef struct { /* Win32 Unicode data structure */ } WNDCLASSW;
|
|
typedef struct { /* Win16 data structure */ } WNDCLASS16;
|
|
DECL_WINELIB_TYPE_AW(WNDCLASS);
|
|
|
|
ATOM RegisterClass16( WNDCLASS16 * );
|
|
ATOM RegisterClassA( WNDCLASSA * );
|
|
ATOM RegisterClassW( WNDCLASSW * );
|
|
#define RegisterClass WINELIB_NAME_AW(RegisterClass)
|
|
|
|
The Winelib user can then say:
|
|
|
|
WNDCLASS wc = { ... };
|
|
RegisterClass( &wc );
|
|
|
|
and this will use the correct declaration depending on the definition
|
|
of the UNICODE symbol.
|
|
|
|
|
|
NAMING CONVENTIONS FOR NON-API FUNCTIONS AND TYPES
|
|
==================================================
|
|
|
|
Functions and data which are internal to your code (or at least shouldn't be
|
|
visible to any WineLib or Windows program) should be preceded by
|
|
an identifier to the module:
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
ENUMPRINTERS_GetDWORDFromRegistryA() (in dlls/winspool/info.c)
|
|
IAVIFile_fnRelease() (in dlls/avifil32/avifile.c)
|
|
X11DRV_CreateDC() (in graphics/x11drv/init.c)
|
|
TIMER_Init() (implemented in windows/timer.c,
|
|
used in loader/main.c )
|
|
|
|
if you need prototypes for these, there are a few possibilities:
|
|
- within same source file only:
|
|
put the prototypes at the top of your file and mark them as prototypes.
|
|
- within the same module:
|
|
create a header file within the subdirectory where that module resides,
|
|
e.g. graphics/ddraw_private.h
|
|
- from a totally different module, or for use in winelib:
|
|
put your header file entry in /include/wine/
|
|
but be careful not to clutter this directory!
|
|
under no circumstances, you should add non-api calls to the standard
|
|
windoze include files. Unfortunately, this is often the case, e.g.
|
|
the above example of TIMER_Init is defined in include/message.h
|
|
|
|
|
|
API ENTRY POINTS
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
Because Win16 programs use a 16-bit stack and because they can only
|
|
call 16:16 addressed functions, all API entry points must be at low
|
|
address offsets and must have the arguments translated and moved to
|
|
Wines 32-bit stack. This task is handled by the code in the "if1632"
|
|
directory. To define a new API entry point handler you must place a
|
|
new entry in the appropriate API specification file. These files are
|
|
named *.spec. For example, the API specification file for the USER
|
|
DLL is contained in the file user.spec. These entries are processed
|
|
by the "build" program to create an assembly file containing the entry
|
|
point code for each API call. The format of the *.spec files is
|
|
documented in the file "tools/build-spec.txt".
|
|
|
|
|
|
DEBUG MESSAGES
|
|
==============
|
|
|
|
To display a message only during debugging, you normally write something
|
|
like this:
|
|
|
|
TRACE(win,"abc..."); or
|
|
FIXME(win,"abc..."); or
|
|
WARN(win,"abc..."); or
|
|
ERR(win,"abc...");
|
|
|
|
depending on the seriousness of the problem. (documentation/degug-msgs
|
|
explains when it is appropriate to use each of them)
|
|
|
|
These macros are defined in include/debug.h. The macro-definitions are
|
|
generated by the shell-script tools/make_debug. It scans the source
|
|
code for symbols of this forms and puts the necessary macro
|
|
definitions in include/debug.h and include/debugdefs.h. These macros
|
|
test whether the debugging "channel" associated with the first
|
|
argument of these macros (win in the above example) is enabled and
|
|
thus decide whether to actually display the text. In addition you can
|
|
change the types of displayed messages by supplying the "-debugmsg"
|
|
option to Wine. If your debugging code is more complex than just
|
|
printf, you can use the symbols TRACE_ON(xxx), WARN_ON(xxx),
|
|
ERR_ON(xxx) and FIXME_ON(xxx) as well. These are true when channel xxx
|
|
is enabled, either permanent or in the command line. Thus, you can
|
|
write:
|
|
|
|
if(TRACE_ON(win))DumpSomeStructure(&str);
|
|
|
|
Don't worry about the inefficiency of the test. If it is permanently
|
|
disabled (that is TRACE_ON(win) is 0 at compile time), the compiler will
|
|
eliminate the dead code.
|
|
|
|
You have to start tools/make_debug only if you introduced a new macro,
|
|
e.g. TRACE(win32).
|
|
|
|
For more info about debugging messages, read:
|
|
|
|
documentation/debug-msgs
|
|
|
|
|
|
MORE INFO
|
|
=========
|
|
|
|
1. There is a FREE online version of the MSDN library (including
|
|
documentation for the Win32 API) on http://www.microsoft.com/msdn/
|
|
|
|
2. http://www.sonic.net/~undoc/bookstore.html
|
|
|
|
3. In 1993 Dr. Dobbs Journal published a column called "Undocumented Corner".
|
|
|
|
4. You might want to check out BYTE from December 1983 as well :-)
|
|
|