The standard Wine distribution includes quite a few different executables, libraries, and configuration files. All of these must be set up properly for Wine to work well. This chapter will guide you through the necessary steps to get Wine installed on your system. If you are running a distribution of Linux that uses packages to keep track of installed software, you may be in luck: A prepackaged version of Wine may already exist for your system. The first three sections will tell you how to find the latest Wine packages and get them installed. You should be careful, though, about mixing packages between different distributions, and even from different versions of the same distribution. Often a package will only work on the distribution it's compiled for. We'll cover Debian, Redhat, and other distributions. If you're not lucky enough to have a package available for your operating system, or if you'd prefer a newer version of Wine than already exists as a package, you may have to download the Wine source code and compile it yourself on your own machine. Don't worry, it's not too hard to do this, especially with the many helpful tools that come with Wine. You don't need any programming experience to compile and install Wine, although it might be nice to have some minor UNIX administrative skills. We'll cover how to retrieve and compile the official source releases from the FTP archives, and also how to get the cutting edge up-to-the-minute fresh Wine source code from CVS (Concurrent Versions System). Both processes of source code installation are similar, and once you master one, you should have no trouble dealing with the other one. Finally, you may someday need to know how to apply a source code patch to your version of Wine. Perhaps you've uncovered a bug in Wine, reported it to the Wine mailing list, and received a patch from a developer to hopefully fix the bug. The last section in this chapter will show you how to safely apply the patch and revert it if the patch doesn't work. In most cases on a Debian system, you can install Wine with a single command, as root: # apt-get install wine apt-get will connect to a Debian archive across the Internet (thus, you must be online), then download the Wine package and install it on your system. End of story. Of course, Debian's pre-packaged version of Wine may not be the most recent release. If you are running the stable version of Debian, you may be able to get a slightly newer version of Wine by grabbing the package from the unstable distribution, although this may be a little risky, depending on how far the unstable distribution has diverged from the stable one. You can find a list of Wine binary packages for the various Debian releases using the package search engine at www.debian.org. To install a package that's not part of your distribution, you must use dpkg instead of apt-get. Since dpkg doesn't download the file for you, you must do it yourself. Follow the link on the package search engine to the desired package, then click on the Go To Download Page button and follow the instructions. Save the file to your hard drive, then run dpkg on it. For example, if you saved the file to your home directory, you might perform the following actions to install it: $ su - <Type in root password> # cd /home/user # dpkg -i wine_0.0.20021031-1.deb You may also want to install the wine-doc package, and if you are using Wine from the 2.3 distribution (Woody), the wine-utils package as well. Redhat/RPM users can use rpmfind.net to track down available Wine RPM binaries. This page contains a list of all rpmfind packages that start with the letter "W", including a few Wine packages. Of course now that you have the RPM package, you may be wondering "What in the world do I do with this thing?". The easiest way to install an RPM is to make sure that you have not previously installed wine (perhaps, when you installed linux) and then switch to the directory you downloaded the rpm file to. Once there, type this one command as root: # rpm -ivh wine-20020605-2.i386.rpm You may also want to install the wine-devel package. The first place you should look if your system isn't Debian or Redhat is the WineHQ Download Page. This page lists many assorted archives of binary (precompiled) Wine files. Lycos FTPSearch is another useful resource for tracking down miscellaneous distribution packages. NOTE: If you are running a Mandrake system, please see the page on how to get wine for a Redhat system, as Mandrake is based on Redhat. If the version of Wine you want does not exist in package form, you can download the source code yourself and compile it on your machine. Although this might seem a little intimidating at first if you've never done it, you'll find that it'll often go quite smoothly, especially on the newer Linux distributions. The safest way to grab the source is from one of the official FTP archives. An up to date listing is in the ANNOUNCE file in the Wine distribution (which you would have if you already downloaded it). Here is a list of FTP servers carrying Wine: ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/ALPHA/wine/development/ ftp://ftp.infomagic.com/pub/mirrors/linux/sunsite/ALPHA/wine/development/ ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/linux/mirrors/sunsite.unc.edu/ALPHA/wine/development/ ftp://orcus.progsoc.uts.edu.au/pub/Wine/development/ The official releases are tagged by date with the format "Wine-YYYYMMDD.tar.gz". Your best bet is to grab the latest one. Once you have downloaded this, you must first compile wine, and then install it. To do this is not very hard. First switch to the directory containing the file you just downloaded. Then extract the source with (e.g.): # tar xzvf wine-20021031.tar.gz Then, switch to the directory that was created and compile it by typing (e.g.): # ./tools/wineinstall NOTE: You must make sure that you are not the superuser (root) when doing this, and that you have write permission to the directory that was created by the tar command as well as all of its subdirectories and files.. The official web page for Wine CVS is http://www.winehq.com/development/. First, you need to get a copy of the latest Wine sources using CVS. You can tell it where to find the source tree by setting the CVSROOT environment variable. You also have to log in anonymously to the wine CVS server. In bash, it might look something like this: $ export CVSROOT=:pserver:cvs@cvs.winehq.com:/home/wine $ cvs login Password: cvs $ cvs checkout wine That'll pull down the entire Wine source tree from winehq.com and place it in the current directory (actually in the 'wine' subdirectory). CVS has a million command line parameters, so there are many ways to pull down files, from anywhere in the revision history. Later, you can grab just the updates: $ cvs -PAd update cvs update works from inside the source tree. You don't need the CVSROOT environment variable to run it either. You just have to be inside the source tree. The -P, -A and -d options make sure your local Wine tree directory structure stays in sync with the remote repository. After you've made changes, you can create a patch with cvs diff -u, which sends output to stdout (the -u controls the format of the patch). So, to create an my_patch.diff file, you would do this: $ cvs diff -u > my_patch.diff You can call cvs diff from anywhere in the tree (just like cvs update), and it will always grab recursively from that point. You can also specify single files or subdirectories: $ cvs diff -u dlls/winaspi > my_aspi_patch.diff Experiment around a little. It's fairly intuitive. If you have the Wine source code, as opposed to a binary distribution, you have the option of applying patches to the source tree to fix bugs and add experimental features. Perhaps you've found a bug, reported it to the Wine mailing list, and received a patch file to fix the bug. You can apply the patch with the patch command, which takes a streamed patch from stdin: $ cd wine $ patch -p0 < ../patch_to_apply.diff To remove the patch, use the -R option: $ patch -p0 -R < ../patch_to_apply.diff If you want to do a test run to see if the patch will apply successfully (e.g., if the patch was created from an older or newer version of the tree), you can use the --dry-run parameter to run the patch without writing to any files: $ patch -p0 --dry-run < ../patch_to_apply.diff patch is pretty smart about extracting patches from the middle of a file, so if you save an email with an inlined patch to a file on your hard drive, you can invoke patch on it without stripping out the email headers and other text. patch ignores everything that doesn't look like a patch. The -p0 option to patch tells it to keep the full file name from the patch file. For example, if the file name in the patch file was wine/programs/clock/main.c. Setting the -p0 option would apply the patch to the file of the same name i.e. wine/programs/clock/main.c . Setting the -p1 option would strip off the first part of the file name and apply the patch instead to programs/clock/main.c . The -p1 option would be useful if you named your top level wine directory differently to the person who sent you the patch. For the -p1 option patch should be run from the top level wine directory.