This chapter will describe all aspects of running Wine, like e.g. basic Wine invocation, command line parameters of various Wine support programs etc. This chapter will describe all aspects of running Wine, like e.g. basic Wine invocation, command line parameters of various Wine support programs etc. Assuming you are using a fake Windows installation, you install applications into Wine in the same way you would in Windows: by running the installer. You can just accept the defaults for where to install, most installers will default to "C:\Program Files", which is fine. If the application installer requests it, you may find that Wine creates icons on your desktop and in your app menu. If that happens, you can start the app by clicking on them. The standard way to uninstall things is for the application to provide an uninstaller, usually registered with the "Add/Remove Programs" control panel applet. To access the Wine equivalent, run the uninstaller program (it is located in the programs/uninstaller/ directory in a Wine source directory) in a terminal: $ uninstaller Some programs install associated control panel applets, examples of this would be Internet Explorer and QuickTime. You can access the Wine control panel by running in a terminal: $ wine control which will open a window with the installed control panel applets in it, as in Windows. If the application doesn't install menu or desktop items, you'll need to run the app from the command line. Remembering where you installed to, something like: $ wine "c:\program files\appname\appname.exe" will probably do the trick. The path isn't case sensitive, but remember to include the double quotes. Some programs don't always use obvious naming for their directories and EXE files, so you might have to look inside the program files directory to see what it put where. Wine is a very complicated piece of software with many ways to adjust how it runs. With very few exceptions, you can activate the same set of features through the configuration file as you can with command-line parameters. In this chapter, we'll briefly discuss these parameters, and match them up with their corresponding configuration variables. You can invoke the wine --help command to get a listing of all Wine's command-line parameters: Usage: ./wine [options] program_name [arguments] Options: --debugmsg name Turn debugging-messages on or off --dll name Enable or disable built-in DLLs --help,-h Show this help message --version,-v Display the Wine version You can specify as many options as you want, if any. Typically, you will want to have your configuration file set up with a sensible set of defaults; in this case, you can run wine without explicitly listing any options. In rare cases, you might want to override certain parameters on the command line. After the options, you should put the name of the file you want wine to execute. If the executable is in the Path parameter in the configuration file, you can simply give the executable file name. However, if the executable is not in Path, you must give the full path to the executable (in Windows format, not UNIX format!). For example, given a Path of the following: [wine] "Path"="c:\\windows;c:\\windows\\system;e:\\;e:\\test;f:\\" You could run the file c:\windows\system\foo.exe with: $ wine foo.exe However, you would have to run the file c:\myapps\foo.exe with this command: $ wine c:\\myapps\\foo.exe (note the backslash-escaped "\" !) For details on running text mode (CUI) executables, read the section below. If you don't feel like manually invoking Wine for every program you want to run and instead want to have an integrated graphical interface to run your Windows programs in, then installing e.g. Calmira, a Win95-Explorer-like shell replacement, would probably be a great idea. Calmira might still have a few problems running on Wine, though. Other usable Explorer replacements should be listed here in the future. Wine isn't perfect, and many Windows applications still don't run without bugs under Wine (but then, a lot of programs don't run without bugs under native Windows either!). To make it easier for people to track down the causes behind each bug, Wine provides a number of debug channels that you can tap into. Each debug channel, when activated, will trigger logging messages to be displayed to the console where you invoked wine. From there you can redirect the messages to a file and examine it at your leisure. But be forewarned! Some debug channels can generate incredible volumes of log messages. Among the most prolific offenders are relay which spits out a log message every time a win32 function is called, win which tracks windows message passing, and of course all which is an alias for every single debug channel that exists. For a complex application, your debug logs can easily top 1 MB and higher. A relay trace can often generate more than 10 MB of log messages, depending on how long you run the application. (As described in the Debug section of configuring wine you can modify what the relay trace reports). Logging does slow down Wine quite a bit, so don't use --debugmsg unless you really do want log files. Within each debug channel, you can further specify a message class, to filter out the different severities of errors. The four message classes are: trace fixme warn err . To turn on a debug channel, use the form class+channel. To turn it off, use class-channel. To list more than one channel in the same --debugmsg option, separate them with commas. For example, to request warn class messages in the heap debug channel, you could invoke wine like this: $ wine --debugmsg warn+heap program_name If you leave off the message class, wine will display messages from all four classes for that channel: $ wine --debugmsg +heap program_name If you wanted to see log messages for everything except the relay channel, you might do something like this: $ wine --debugmsg +all,-relay program_name Here is a list of the debug channels and classes in Wine. More channels will be added to (or subtracted from) later versions. allacceladvapianimateaspi atomavifile bitblt bitmap caret cdromclass clipboard clippingcombo comboex commcommctrlcommdlg console crtdllcursordatetimedc ddeml ddraw debug debugstrdelayhlpdialog dinputdll dosfsdosmemdplay driverdsoundeditelfdllenhmetafile eventexecfilefixupfont gdi globalgraphics headerheap hookhotkeyicmpiconimagehlp imagelist immintint10int16 int17int19int21int31 io ipaddressjoystickkeykeyboardloaddll ldtlistboxlistviewlocalmci mcianimmciavimcicdamcimidimciwave mdimenumessagemetafilemidi mmauxmmiommsysmmtimemodule monthcalmprmsacmmsgmsvideo nativefontnonclientntdllodbcole openglpagerpalettepidlprint processprofileprogressproppropsheet psapipsdrvrasrebarreg regionrelayresourcericheditscroll segmentsehselectorsendmsgserver setupapisetupxshellsnoopsound staticstatusbarstoragestressstring syscolorsystemtabtapetapi tasktextthreadthunktimer toolbartoolhelptooltipstrackbartreeview ttydrvtweaktypelibupdownver virtualvxdwavewinwin16drv win32winedbgwingwininetwinsock winspoolwnetx11 For more details about debug channels, check out the The Wine Developer's Guide. Specifies whether to load the builtin or the native (if available) version of a DLL. Example: $ wine --dll setupx=n foo.exe See the DLL chapter for more details. Shows a small command line help page. Shows the Wine version string. Useful to verify your installation. wineserver usually gets started automatically by Wine whenever the first wine process gets started. However, wineserver has some useful command line options that you can add if you start it up manually, e.g. via a user login script or so. Sets the debug level for debug output in the terminal that wineserver got started in at level <n>. In other words: everything greater than 0 will enable wineserver specific debugging output (not to confuse with Wine's wineserver logging channel, --debugmsg +server, though!). Display wineserver command line options help message. Kill the current wineserver, optionally with signal n. This parameter makes wineserver persistent, optionally for n seconds. It will prevent wineserver from shutting down immediately. Usually, wineserver quits almost immediately after the last wine process using this wineserver terminated. However, since wineserver loads a lot of things on startup (such as the whole Windows registry data), its startup might be so slow that it's very useful to keep it from exiting after the end of all Wine sessions, by making it persistent. This parameter makes a newly started wineserver wait until the currently active wineserver instance terminates. Your program might require some environment variable to be set properly in order to run successfully. In this case you need to set this environment variable in the Linux shell, since Wine will pass on the entire shell environment variable settings to the Windows environment variable space. Example for the bash shell (other shells may have a different syntax !): export MYENVIRONMENTVAR=myenvironmentvarsetting This will make sure your Windows program can access the MYENVIRONMENTVAR environment variable once you start your program using Wine. If you want to have MYENVIRONMENTVAR set permanently, then you can place the setting into /etc/profile, or also ~/.bashrc in the case of bash. Note however that there is an exception to the rule: If you want to change the PATH environment variable, then of course you can't modify it that way, since this will alter the Unix PATH environment setting. Instead, you should set the WINEPATH environment variable. An alternative way to indicate the content of the DOS PATH environment variable would be to change the "path" setting in the wine config file's [wine] section. Text mode programs are program which output is only made out of text (surprise!). In Windows terminology, they are called CUI (Console User Interface) executables, by opposition to GUI (Graphical User Interface) executables. Win32 API provide a complete set of APIs to handle this situation, which goes from basic features like text printing, up to high level functionalities (like full screen editing, color support, cursor motion, mouse support), going through features like line editing or raw/cooked input stream support Given the wide scope of features above, and the current usage in Un*x world, Wine comes out with three different ways for running a console program (aka a CUI executable): bare streams wineconsole with user backend wineconsole with curses backend The names here are a bit obscure. "bare streams" means that no extra support of wine is provide to map between the unix console access and Windows console access. The two other ways require the use of a specific Wine program (wineconsole) which provide extended facilities. The following table describes what you can do (and cannot do) with those three ways. Function Bare streams Wineconsole & user backend Wineconsole & curses backend How to run (assuming executable is called foo.exe) $ wine foo.exe $ wineconsole -- --backend=user foo.exe $ wineconsole foo.exe You can also use --backend=curses as an option Good support for line oriented CUI applications (which print information line after line) Yes Yes Yes Good support for full screen CUI applications (including but not limited to color support, mouse support...) No Yes Yes Can be run even if X11 is not running Yes No Yes Implementation Maps the standard Windows streams to the standard Unix streams (stdin/stdout/stderr) Wineconsole will create a new Window (hence requiring the USER32 DLL is available) where all information will be displayed Wineconsole will use existing unix console (from which the program is run) and with the help of the (n)curses library take control of all the terminal surface for interacting with the user Known limitations Will produce strange behavior if two (or more) Windows consoles are used on the same Un*x terminal. When wineconsole is used, several configuration options are available. Wine (as Windows do) stores, on a per application basis, several options in the registry. This let a user, for example, define the default screen-buffer size he would like to have for a given application. As of today, only the USER backend allows you to edit those options (we don't recommend editing by hand the registry contents). This edition is fired when a user right click in the console (this popups a menu), where you can either choose from: Default: this will edit the settings shared by all applications which haven't been configured yet. So, when an application is first run (on your machine, under your account) in wineconsole, wineconsole will inherit this default settings for the application. Afterwards, the application will have its own settings, that you'll be able to modify at your will. Properties: this will edit the application's settings. When you're done, with the edition, you'll be prompted whether you want to: Keep these modified settings only for this session (next time you run the application, you will not see the modification you've just made). Use the settings for this session and save them as well, so that next you run your application, you'll use these new settings again. Here's the list of the items you can configure, and their meanings: Configuration option Meaning Cursor's size Defines the size of the cursor. Three options are available: small (33% of character height), medium (66%) and large (100%) Popup menu It's been said earlier that wineconsole configuration popup was triggered using a right click in the console's window. However, this can be an issue when the application you run inside wineconsole expects the right click events to be sent to it. By ticking control or shift you select additional modifiers on the right click for opening the popup. For example, ticking shift will send events to the application when you right click the window without shift being hold down, and open the window when you right-click while shift being hold down. Quick edit This tick box lets you decide whether left-click mouse events shall be interpreted as events to be sent to the underlying application (tick off) or as a selection of rectangular part of the screen to be later on copied onto the clipboard (tick on). History This lets you pick up how many commands you want the console to recall. You can also drive whether you want, when entering several times the same command - potentially intertwined with others - whether you want to store all of them (tick off) or only the last one (tick on). Police The Police property sheet allows you to pick the default font for the console (font file, size, background and foreground color). Screenbuffer & window size The console as you see it is made of two different parts. On one hand there's the screenbuffer which contains all the information your application puts on the screen, and the window which displays a given area of this screen buffer. Note that the window is always smaller or of the same size than the screen buffer. Having a stricly smaller window size will put on scrollbars on the window so that you can see the whole screenbuffer's content. Close on exit If it's ticked, then the wineconsole will exit when the application within terminates. Otherwise, it'll remain opened until the user manually closes it: this allows seeing the latest information of a program after it has terminated. Edition mode When the user enter commands, he or she can choose between several edition modes: Emacs: the same keybindings as under emacs are available. For example, Ctrl-A will bring the cursor to the beginning of the edition line. See your emacs manual for the details of the commands. Win32: this are the standard Windows console key-bindings (mainly using arrows).