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<chapter id="porting">
<title>Porting Wine to new Platforms</title>
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<para>
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This document provides a few tips on porting Wine to your
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favorite (UNIX-based) operating system.
</para>
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<sect1 id="wine-porting">
<title>Porting Wine to new Platforms</title>
<sect2>
<title>Why <symbol>#ifdef MyOS</symbol> is probably a mistake.</title>
<para>
Operating systems change. Maybe yours doesn't have the
<filename>foo.h</filename> header, but maybe a future
version will have it. If you want to <symbol>#include
&lt;foo.h&gt;</symbol>, it doesn't matter what operating
system you are using; it only matters whether
<filename>foo.h</filename> is there.
</para>
<para>
Furthermore, operating systems change names or "fork" into
several ones. An <symbol>#ifdef MyOs</symbol> will break
over time.
</para>
<para>
If you use the feature of <command>autoconf</command> -- the
Gnu auto-configuration utility -- wisely, you will help
future porters automatically because your changes will test
for <emphasis>features</emphasis>, not names of operating
systems. A feature can be many things:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
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<para>
existence of a header file
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
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<para>
existence of a library function
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
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<para>
existence of libraries
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
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<para>
bugs in header files, library functions, the compiler, ...
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
You will need Gnu Autoconf, which you can get from your
friendly Gnu mirror. This program takes Wine's
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<filename>configure.ac</filename> file and produces a
<filename>configure</filename> shell script that users use
to configure Wine to their system.
</para>
<para>
There <emphasis>are</emphasis> exceptions to the "avoid
<symbol>#ifdef MyOS</symbol>" rule. Wine, for example, needs
the internals of the signal stack -- that cannot easily be
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described in terms of features. Moreover, you can not use
<filename>autoconf</filename>'s <symbol>HAVE_*</symbol>
symbols in Wine's headers, as these may be used by Winelib
users who may not be using a <filename>configure</filename>
script.
</para>
<para>
Let's now turn to specific porting problems and how to solve
them.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>MyOS doesn't have the <filename>foo.h</filename> header!</title>
<para>
This first step is to make <command>autoconf</command> check
for this header. In <filename>configure.in</filename> you
add a segment like this in the section that checks for
header files (search for "header files"):
</para>
<programlisting>
AC_CHECK_HEADER(foo.h, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_FOO_H))
</programlisting>
<para>
If your operating system supports a header file with the
same contents but a different name, say
<filename>bar.h</filename>, add a check for that also.
</para>
<para>
Now you can change
</para>
<programlisting>
#include &lt;foo.h&gt;
</programlisting>
<para>
to
</para>
<programlisting>
#ifdef HAVE_FOO_H
#include &lt;foo.h&gt;
#elif defined (HAVE_BAR_H)
#include &lt;bar.h&gt;
#endif
</programlisting>
<para>
If your system doesn't have a corresponding header file even
though it has the library functions being used, you might
have to add an <symbol>#else</symbol> section to the
conditional. Avoid this if you can.
</para>
<para>
You will also need to add <symbol>#undef HAVE_FOO_H</symbol>
(etc.) to <filename>include/config.h.in</filename>
</para>
<para>
Finish up with <command>make configure</command> and
<command>./configure</command>.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>MyOS doesn't have the <function>bar</function> function!</title>
<para>
A typical example of this is the
<function>memmove</function> function. To solve this
problem you would add <function>memmove</function> to the
list of functions that <command>autoconf</command> checks
for. In <filename>configure.in</filename> you search for
<function>AC_CHECK_FUNCS</function> and add
<function>memmove</function>. (You will notice that someone
already did this for this particular function.)
</para>
<para>
Secondly, you will also need to add <symbol>#undef
HAVE_BAR</symbol> to
<filename>include/config.h.in</filename>
</para>
<para>
The next step depends on the nature of the missing function.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>Case 1:</term>
<listitem>
<para>
It's easy to write a complete implementation of the
function. (<function>memmove</function> belongs to
this case.)
</para>
<para>
You add your implementation in
<filename>misc/port.c</filename> surrounded by
<symbol>#ifndef HAVE_MEMMOVE</symbol> and
<symbol>#endif</symbol>.
</para>
<para>
You might have to add a prototype for your function.
If so, <filename>include/miscemu.h</filename> might be the place. Don't
forget to protect that definition by <symbol>#ifndef
HAVE_MEMMOVE</symbol> and <symbol>#endif</symbol> also!
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Case 2:</term>
<listitem>
<para>
A general implementation is hard, but Wine is only
using a special case.
</para>
<para>
An example is the various <function>wait</function>
calls used in <function>SIGNAL_child</function> from
<filename>loader/signal.c</filename>. Here we have a
multi-branch case on features:
</para>
<programlisting>
#ifdef HAVE_THIS
...
#elif defined (HAVE_THAT)
...
#elif defined (HAVE_SOMETHING_ELSE)
...
#endif
</programlisting>
<para>
Note that this is very different from testing on
operating systems. If a new version of your operating
systems comes out and adds a new function, this code
will magically start using it.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>
Finish up with <command>make configure</command> and
<command>./configure</command>.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>
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