Sweden-Number/documentation/fonts.sgml

  <sect1 id="config-fonts-main">
    <title>Dealing with Fonts</title>

    <sect2 id="config-windows-fonts">
      <title>Fonts</title>

      <para>
        <note>
          <para>
            The <command>fnt2bdf</command> utility is included with
            Wine. It can be found in the <filename>tools</filename>
            directory. Links to the other tools mentioned in this
            document can be found in the Wine Developer's Guide:
            <ulink url="http://www.winehq.org/site/docs/wine-devel/index">http://www.winehq.org/site/docs/wine-devel/index</ulink>
          </para>
        </note>
      </para>

      <sect3>
        <title>How To Convert Windows Fonts</title>
        <para>
          If you have access to a Windows installation you should use the
          <command>fnt2bdf</command> utility (found in the
          <filename>tools</filename> directory) to convert bitmap
          fonts (<filename>VGASYS.FON</filename>,
          <filename>SSERIFE.FON</filename>, and
          <filename>SERIFE.FON</filename>) into the format that the X
          Window System can recognize.
        </para>

        <orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Extract bitmap fonts with <command>fnt2bdf</command>.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Convert <filename>.bdf</filename> files produced by Step
              1 into <filename>.pcf</filename> files with
              <command>bdftopcf</command>.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Copy <filename>.pcf</filename> files to the font server
              directory which is usually
              <filename>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc</filename> (you will
              probably  need superuser privileges). If you want to
              create a new font directory you will need to add it to
              the font path.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Run <command>mkfontdir</command> for the directory you
              copied fonts to. If you are already in X you should run
              <command>xset fp rehash</command> to make X server aware
              of the new fonts. You may also or instead have to restart
              the font server (using e.g.
              <command>/etc/init.d/xfs restart</command>
              under Red Hat 7.1)
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Edit the <filename>~/.wine/config</filename> file to remove
              aliases for the fonts you've just installed.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist>
        <para>
          Wine can get by without these fonts but 'the look and feel'
          may be quite different. Also, some applications try to load
          their custom fonts on the fly (WinWord 6.0) and since Wine
          does not implement this yet it instead prints out something
          like;
        </para>
        <screen>
STUB: AddFontResource( SOMEFILE.FON )
        </screen>
        <para>
          You can convert this file too. Note that
          <filename>.FON</filename> file may not hold  any bitmap
          fonts and <command>fnt2bdf</command> will fail if this is
          the case. Also note that although the above message will not
          disappear Wine will work around the problem by using the
          font you extracted from the
          <filename>SOMEFILE.FON</filename>.
          <command>fnt2bdf</command> will only work for Windows 3.1
          fonts. It  will not work for TrueType fonts.
        </para>
        <para>
          What to do with TrueType fonts? There are several commercial
          font tools that can convert them to the Type1 format but the
          quality of the resulting fonts is far from stellar. The
          other way to use them is to get a font server capable of
          rendering  TrueType (Caldera has one, there also is the free
          <command>xfstt</command> in
          <filename>Linux/X11/fonts</filename> on sunsite and mirrors,
          if you're on FreeBSD you can use the port in
          <filename>/usr/ports/x11-servers/Xfstt</filename>.  And
          there is <command>xfsft</command> which uses the freetype
          library, see <link linkend="ttfont-server">freetype</link>
	  description).
        </para>
        <para>
          However, there is a possibility of the native TrueType
          support via FreeType renderer in the future (hint, hint :-)
        </para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
        <title>How To Add Font Aliases To <filename>~/.wine/config</filename></title>
        <para>
          Many Windows applications assume that fonts included in
          original Windows 3.1  distribution are always present. By
          default Wine creates a number of aliases that map them on
          the existing X fonts:
        </para>

        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <thead>
              <row>
                <entry>Windows font</entry>
                <entry>...is mapped to...</entry>
                <entry>X font</entry>
              </row>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>"MS Sans Serif"</entry>
                <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
                <entry>"-adobe-helvetica-"</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>"MS Serif"</entry>
                <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
                <entry>"-bitstream-charter-"</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>"Times New Roman"</entry>
                <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
                <entry>"-adobe-times-"</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>"Arial"</entry>
                <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
                <entry>"-adobe-helvetica-"</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>

        <para>
          There is no default alias for the "System" font. Also, no
          aliases are  created for the fonts that applications install
          at runtime. The recommended  way to deal with this problem
          is to convert the missing font (see above).  If it proves
          impossible, like in the case with TrueType fonts, you can
          force  the font mapper to choose a closely related X font by
          adding an alias to the  [fonts] section. Make sure that the
          X font actually exists (with <command>xfontsel</command>
          tool).
        </para>
        <screen>
AliasN = [Windows font], [X font] &lt;, optional "mask X font" flag&gt;
        </screen>
        <para>
          Example:
        </para>
        <screen>
Alias0 = System, --international-, subst
Alias1 = ...
...
        </screen>
        <para>
          Comments:
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              There must be no gaps in the sequence <literal>{0, ...,
                N}</literal> otherwise all aliases after the first gap
              won't be read.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Usually font mapper translates X font names into font
              names visible to Windows programs in the following
              fashion:
            </para>

            <informaltable>
              <tgroup cols="3">
                <thead>
                  <row>
                    <entry>X font</entry>
                    <entry>...will show up as...</entry>
                    <entry>Extracted name</entry>
                  </row>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry>--international-...</entry>
                    <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
                    <entry>"International"</entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry>-adobe-helvetica-...</entry>
                    <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
                    <entry>"Helvetica"</entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry>-adobe-utopia-...</entry>
                    <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
                    <entry>"Utopia"</entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry>-misc-fixed-...</entry>
                    <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
                    <entry>"Fixed"</entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry>-...</entry>
                    <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
                    <entry></entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry>-sony-fixed-...</entry>
                    <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
                    <entry>"Sony Fixed"</entry>
                  </row>
                  <row>
                    <entry>-...</entry>
                    <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
                    <entry></entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable>

            <para>
              Note that since <literal>-misc-fixed-</literal> and
              <literal>-sony-fixed-</literal> are different fonts Wine
              modified the second extracted name to make sure Windows
              programs can distinguish them because only extracted
              names appear in the font selection dialogs.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              "Masking" alias replaces the original extracted name so
              that in the  example case we will have the following
              mapping:
            </para>
            <informaltable>
              <tgroup cols="3">
                <thead>
                  <row>
                    <entry>X font</entry>
                    <entry>...is masked to...</entry>
                    <entry>Extracted name</entry>
                  </row>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <row>
                    <entry>--international-...</entry>
                    <entry align="center">-&gt;</entry>
                    <entry>"System"</entry>
                  </row>
                </tbody>
              </tgroup>
            </informaltable>
            <para>
              "Nonmasking" aliases are transparent to the user and
              they do not replace extracted names.
            </para>
            <para>
              Wine discards an alias when it sees that the native X
              font is available.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              If you do not have access to Windows fonts mentioned in
              the first  paragraph you should try to substitute the
              "System" font with  nonmasking alias. The
              <command>xfontsel</command> application will show you
              the fonts available to X.
            </para>
            <screen>
Alias.. = System, ...bold font without serifs
            </screen>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          Also, some Windows applications request fonts without
          specifying the  typeface name of the font. Font table starts
          with Arial in most Windows  installations, however X font
          table starts with whatever is the first line  in the
          <filename>fonts.dir</filename>.  Therefore Wine uses the
          following entry to determine  which font to check first.
        </para>
        <para>
          Example:
        </para>
        <screen>
Default = -adobe-times-
        </screen>
        <para>
          Comments:
        </para>
        <para>
          It is better to have a scalable font family (bolds and
          italics included)  as the default choice because mapper
          checks all available fonts until  requested height and other
          attributes match perfectly or the end of the  font table is
          reached. Typical X installations have scalable fonts in the
          <filename>../fonts/Type1</filename> and
          <filename>../fonts/Speedo</filename> directories.
        </para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
        <title>How To Manage Cached Font Metrics</title>
        <para>
          Wine stores detailed information about available fonts in
          the <filename>~/.wine/cachedmetrics.[display]</filename> file. You
          can copy it elsewhere and add this entry to the [fonts]
          section  in your <filename>~/.wine/config</filename>:
        </para>
        <screen>
FontMetrics = &lt;file with metrics&gt;
        </screen>
        <para>
          If Wine detects changes in the X font configuration it will
          rebuild font metrics from scratch and then it will overwrite
          <filename>~/.wine/cachedmetrics.[display]</filename> with  the new
          information. This process can take a while.
        </para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
        <title>Too Small Or Too Large Fonts</title>
        <para>
          Windows programs may ask Wine to render a font with the
          height specified in points. However, point-to-pixel ratio
          depends on the real physical size  of your display (15",
          17", etc...). X tries to provide an estimate of that  but it
          can be quite different from the actual size. You can change
          this ratio by adding the following entry to the [fonts]
          section:
        </para>
        <screen>
Resolution = &lt;integer value&gt;
        </screen>
        <para>
          In general, higher numbers give you larger fonts. Try to
          experiment with values in the 60 - 120 range. 96 is a good
          starting point.
        </para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
        <title>"FONT_Init: failed to load ..." Messages On Startup</title>
        <para>
          The most likely cause is a broken
          <filename>fonts.dir</filename> file in one of your font
          directories. You need to rerun <command>mkfontdir</command>
          to rebuild this file. Read its manpage for more information.
          If you can't run <command>mkfontdir</command> on this
          machine as you are not root, use <command>xset -fp
            xxx</command> to remove the broken font path.
        </para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="ttfont-server">
    <title>Setting up a TrueType Font Server</title>
      <para>
        Follow these instructions to set up a TrueType font server on your system.
      </para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Get a freetype source archive (<filename>freetype-X.Y.tar.gz</filename> ?).
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Read docs, unpack, configure and install
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Test the library, e.g. <command>ftview 20 /dosc/win95/fonts/times</command>
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Get <filename>xfsft-beta1e.linux-i586</filename>
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Install it and start it when booting, e.g. in an
            rc-script.  The manpage for <command>xfs</command>
            applies.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Follow the hints given by <email>williamc@dai.ed.ac.uk</email>
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            I got <command>xfsft</command> from
            <ulink url="http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/progindex.html">http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/progindex.html</ulink>.
            I have it running all the time.  Here is
            <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fs/config</filename>:
          </para>
          <programlisting>
clone-self = on
use-syslog = off
catalogue = /c/windows/fonts
error-file = /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fs/fs-errors
default-point-size = 120
default-resolutions = 75,75,100,100
          </programlisting>
          <para>
            Obviously <filename>/c/windows/fonts</filename> is where
            my Windows fonts on my Win95 <medialabel>C:</medialabel>
            drive live; could be e.g.
            <filename>/mnt/dosC/windows/system</filename> for Win31.
          </para>
          <para>
            In <filename>/c/windows/fonts/fonts.scale</filename> I
            have:
          </para>
          <programlisting>
14
arial.ttf -monotype-arial-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
arialbd.ttf -monotype-arial-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
arialbi.ttf -monotype-arial-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
ariali.ttf -monotype-arial-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
cour.ttf -monotype-courier-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
courbd.ttf -monotype-courier-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
courbi.ttf -monotype-courier-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
couri.ttf -monotype-courier-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
times.ttf -monotype-times-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
timesbd.ttf -monotype-times-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
timesbi.ttf -monotype-times-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
timesi.ttf -monotype-times-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
symbol.ttf -monotype-symbol-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-symbol
wingding.ttf -microsoft-wingdings-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-microsoft-symbol
          </programlisting>
          <para>
            In <filename>/c/windows/fonts/fonts.dir</filename> I have
            exactly the same.
          </para>
          <para>
            In <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XF86Config</filename> I have
          </para>
          <programlisting>
FontPath "tcp/localhost:7100"
          </programlisting>
          <para>
            in front of the other <literal>FontPath</literal> lines.
            That's it!  As an interesting by-product of course, all
            those web pages which specify Arial come up in Arial in
            Netscape ...
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Shut down X and restart (and debug errors you did while
            setting up everything).
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Test with e.g. <command>xlsfont | grep arial</command>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>

  </sect2>

</sect1>

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