[smooth] Introduce direct oversampling for overlaps.

This implements oversampling to metigate artifacts in pixels partially
covered by overlapping contours.  It turns out that the 4x4
oversampling is sufficient but, at least, quadruples the rendering
time.  The outline has to set FT_OUTLINE_OVERLAP to use this method.

* include/freetype/ftimage.h (FT_OUTLINE_OVERLAP): New flag.
* src/smooth/ftsmooth.c (ft_smooth_render): Check it to...
(ft_smooth_raster_overlap): ... inflate outline and set up direct
rendering for oversampling with...
(ft_smooth_overlap_spans): ... new span function that integrates them.

ChangeLog

@@ -1,3 +1,18 @@
+2020-07-03  Alexei Podtelezhnikov  <apodtele@gmail.com>
+
+	[smooth] Introduce direct oversampling for overlaps.
+
+	This implements oversampling to metigate artifacts in pixels partially
+	covered by overlapping contours.  It turns out that the 4x4
+	oversampling is sufficient but, at least, quadruples the rendering
+	time.  The outline has to set FT_OUTLINE_OVERLAP to use this method.
+
+	* include/freetype/ftimage.h (FT_OUTLINE_OVERLAP): New flag.
+	* src/smooth/ftsmooth.c (ft_smooth_render): Check it to...
+	(ft_smooth_raster_overlap): ... inflate outline and set up direct
+	rendering for oversampling with...
+	(ft_smooth_overlap_spans): ... new span function that integrates them.
+
 2020-07-03  Alexei Podtelezhnikov  <apodtele@gmail.com>
 
 	[smooth] Use direct rendering mode in Harmony.

include/freetype/ftimage.h

@@ -400,6 +400,13 @@ FT_BEGIN_HEADER
    *     if @FT_OUTLINE_IGNORE_DROPOUTS is set.  See below for more
    *     information.
    *
+   *   FT_OUTLINE_OVERLAP ::
+   *     This flag indicates that this outline contains overlapping contrours
+   *     and the anti-aliased renderer should perform oversampling to
+   *     metigate possible artifacts.  This flag should _not_ be set for
+   *     well designed glyphs without overlaps because it quadruples the
+   *     rendering time.
+   *
    *   FT_OUTLINE_HIGH_PRECISION ::
    *     This flag indicates that the scan-line converter should try to
    *     convert this outline to bitmaps with the highest possible quality.
@@ -432,6 +439,7 @@ FT_BEGIN_HEADER
 #define FT_OUTLINE_SMART_DROPOUTS   0x10
 #define FT_OUTLINE_INCLUDE_STUBS    0x20
 
+#define FT_OUTLINE_OVERLAP          0x80
 #define FT_OUTLINE_HIGH_PRECISION   0x100
 #define FT_OUTLINE_SINGLE_PASS      0x200
 

src/smooth/ftsmooth.c

@@ -333,7 +333,94 @@
 
 #endif  /* FT_CONFIG_OPTION_SUBPIXEL_RENDERING */
 
-  /* convert a slot's glyph image into a bitmap */
+/* Oversampling scale to be used in rendering overlaps */
+#define SCALE  ( 1 << 2 )
+
+  /* This function averages inflated spans in direct rendering mode */
+  static void
+  ft_smooth_overlap_spans( int             y,
+                           int             count,
+                           const FT_Span*  spans,
+                           TOrigin*        target )
+  {
+    unsigned char*  dst = target->origin - ( y / SCALE ) * target->pitch;
+    unsigned short  x;
+    unsigned int    cover, sum;
+
+
+    /* When accumulating the oversampled spans we need to assure that  */
+    /* fully covered pixels are equal to 255 and do not overflow.      */
+    /* It is important that the SCALE is a power of 2, each subpixel   */
+    /* cover can also reach a power of 2 after rounding, and the total */
+    /* is clamped to 255 when it adds up to 256.                       */
+    for ( ; count--; spans++ )
+    {
+      cover = ( spans->coverage + SCALE * SCALE / 2 ) / ( SCALE * SCALE );
+      for ( x = 0; x < spans->len; x++ )
+      {
+        sum = dst[ ( spans->x + x ) / SCALE ] + cover;
+        dst[ ( spans->x + x ) / SCALE ] = sum - ( sum >> 8 );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  static FT_Error
+  ft_smooth_raster_overlap( FT_Renderer  render,
+                            FT_Outline*  outline,
+                            FT_Bitmap*   bitmap )
+  {
+    FT_Error    error      = FT_Err_Ok;
+    FT_Vector*  points     = outline->points;
+    FT_Vector*  points_end = FT_OFFSET( points, outline->n_points );
+    FT_Vector*  vec;
+
+    FT_Raster_Params   params;
+    TOrigin            target;
+
+
+    /* Set up direct rendering to average oversampled spans. */
+    params.target     = bitmap;
+    params.source     = outline;
+    params.flags      = FT_RASTER_FLAG_AA | FT_RASTER_FLAG_DIRECT;
+    params.gray_spans = (FT_SpanFunc)ft_smooth_overlap_spans;
+    params.user       = &target;
+
+    params.clip_box.xMin = 0;
+    params.clip_box.yMin = 0;
+    params.clip_box.xMax = bitmap->width * SCALE;
+    params.clip_box.yMax = bitmap->rows  * SCALE;
+
+    if ( bitmap->pitch < 0 )
+      target.origin = bitmap->buffer;
+    else
+      target.origin = bitmap->buffer
+                      + ( bitmap->rows - 1 ) * (unsigned int)bitmap->pitch;
+
+    target.pitch = bitmap->pitch;
+
+    /* inflate outline */
+    for ( vec = points; vec < points_end; vec++ )
+    {
+      vec->x *= SCALE;
+      vec->y *= SCALE;
+    }
+
+    /* render outline into the bitmap */
+    error = render->raster_render( render->raster, &params );
+
+    /* deflate outline */
+    for ( vec = points; vec < points_end; vec++ )
+    {
+      vec->x /= SCALE;
+      vec->y /= SCALE;
+    }
+
+    return error;
+  }
+
+#undef SCALE
+
   static FT_Error
   ft_smooth_render( FT_Renderer       render,
                     FT_GlyphSlot      slot,
@@ -407,14 +494,19 @@
     if ( mode == FT_RENDER_MODE_NORMAL ||
          mode == FT_RENDER_MODE_LIGHT  )
     {
-      FT_Raster_Params  params;
+      if ( outline->flags & FT_OUTLINE_OVERLAP )
+        error = ft_smooth_raster_overlap( render, outline, bitmap );
+      else
+      {
+        FT_Raster_Params  params;
 
 
-      params.target = bitmap;
-      params.source = outline;
-      params.flags  = FT_RASTER_FLAG_AA;
+        params.target = bitmap;
+        params.source = outline;
+        params.flags  = FT_RASTER_FLAG_AA;
 
-      error = render->raster_render( render->raster, &params );
+        error = render->raster_render( render->raster, &params );
+      }
     }
     else
     {